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| align="center" | '''Colleagues:'''
| align="center" | '''Colleagues:'''
|-
|-
| align="center" | [[Ronald Gray]]<br>[[Bertran Auvert]]<br>[[Robert C. Bailey]]<br>[[Thomas Quinn]]
| align="center" | [[Ronald Gray]]<br>[[Bertran Auvert]]<br>[[Robert C. Bailey]]<br>[[Thomas C. Quinn]]
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
| align="center" | '''Funded By:'''
| align="center" | '''Funded By:'''
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|}
|}


'''Maria J. Wawer''' is a [[Bias|biased]] pro-circumcision researcher <ref>{{REFweb
'''Maria J. Wawer''', {{MD}}, a professor at the [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]],<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu/faculty/736/maria-j-wawer
|archived=
|title= Maria J.Wawer, MD
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
|publisher=Johns Hopkins University
|website=
|date=
|accessdate=2022-01-02
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> is a [[Bias|biased]] pro-circumcision researcher <ref>{{REFweb
  |last=NCBI, PubMed
  |last=NCBI, PubMed
  |first=
  |first=
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  |last=Willyard
  |last=Willyard
  |first=Cassandra
  |first=Cassandra
|init=C
  |date=2007
  |date=2007
  |title=Cutting the Risk
  |title=Cutting the Risk
Line 63: Line 79:
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Source=JohnsHopkinsSPH
  |Source=JohnsHopkinsSPH
  |ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BHR9rnoelc#t=01m29s M. Wawer, JohnsHopkinsSPH. (2009, May 29). ''Impact.'']</ref>
  |ref=<ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BHR9rnoelc#t=01m29s
|last=Wawer
|first=Maria J.
|init=MJ
|publisher=Wawer, JohnsHopkinsSPH
|date=2009-05-29
|title=Impact
}}</ref>
  |Comment=When she found a reason to push mass circumcision. How could she find joy in that?
  |Comment=When she found a reason to push mass circumcision. How could she find joy in that?
}}
}}
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{{Citation
{{Citation
  |Title=
  |Title=
  |Text=Once circumcision programs become more widespread, more available, it's very likely that HIV positive men will also seek the procedure. Partly (because) you don't want to be the only guy on the block who hasn't been circumcised.
  |Text=Once circumcision programs become more widespread, more available, it's very likely that [[HIV]] positive men will also seek the procedure. Partly (because) you don't want to be the only guy on the block who hasn't been [[circumcised]].
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |ref=<ref>{{REFjournal
  |ref=<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=01m15s  M. Wawer, MedPageToday. (2008, February 08). ''CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission.'']</ref>
  |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=01m15s
  |title=CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission
|last=Wawer
|first=Maria J.
|init=MJ
|date=2008-02-08
}}</ref>
  |Comment=This is the goal? To make men feel uncomfortable?
  |Comment=This is the goal? To make men feel uncomfortable?
}}
}}
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{{Citation
{{Citation
  |Title=
  |Title=
  |Text=We found a benefit to the (HIV) positive men of becoming circumcised.
  |Text=We found a benefit to the ([[HIV]]) positive men of becoming circumcised.
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=03m22s  M. Wawer, MedPageToday. (2008, February 08). ''CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission.'']</ref>
  |ref=<ref>{{REFweb
  |Comment=They are already HIV positive. You'd think this was a joke.
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=03m22s
  |title=CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission
|last=Wawer
|first=Maria J.
|init=MJ
|date=2008-02-08
}}</ref>
  |Comment=They are already [[HIV]] positive. You'd think this was a joke.
}}
}}


{{Citation
{{Citation
  |Title=
  |Title=
  |Text=Where you don’t have complete [[keratinization]] of the remaining mucosa, then that could in effect increase the transmission of (the) virus.
  |Text=Where you don’t have complete [[keratinization]] of the remaining [[mucosa]], then that could in effect increase the transmission of (the) virus.
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=04m41s  M. Wawer, MedPageToday. (2008, February 08). ''CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission.'']</ref>
  |ref=<ref>{{REFweb
  |Comment=While pro-circ HIV "researchers" are claiming keratinization is a fact, pushers such as [[Brian J. Morris]] and [[Jake H. Waskett]] claim there is no keratinization. The keratinization reduces sensation.
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=04m41s
  |title=CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission
|last=Wawer
|first=Maria J.
|init=MJ
|date=2008-02-08
}}</ref>
  |Comment=While pro-circ [[HIV]] "researchers" are claiming keratinization is a fact, pushers such as [[Brian J. Morris]] and [[Jake H. Waskett]] claim there is no keratinization. The keratinization reduces sensation.
}}
}}


{{Citation
{{Citation
  |Title=
  |Title=
  |Text=We are providing male circumcision as a service now to negative men, but also to positive men. Again, because we don't want them to become stigmatized if they refuse the service.
  |Text=We are providing [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| male circumcision]] as a service now to negative men, but also to positive men. Again, because we don't want them to become stigmatized if they refuse the service.
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=05m20s  M. Wawer, MedPageToday. (2008, February 08). ''CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission.'']</ref>
  |ref=<ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=05m20s
  |title=CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission
|last=Wawer
|first=Maria J.
|init=MJ
|date=2008-02-08
}}</ref>
  |Comment=i.e., she promotes the cutting of anyone for any reason. No logic required.
  |Comment=i.e., she promotes the cutting of anyone for any reason. No logic required.
}}
}}
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{{Citation
{{Citation
  |Title=
  |Title=
  |Text=It’s amazing, cultures do change once people see there's a real advantage of a certain action (circumcision) on their part.
  |Text=It’s amazing, cultures do change once people see there's a real advantage of a certain action ([[circumcision]]) on their part.
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Source=JohnsHopkinsSPH
  |Source=JohnsHopkinsSPH
  |ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=08m41s  M. Wawer, JohnsHopkinsSPH. (2010, December 01). ''Rakai project.'']</ref>
  |ref=<ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=08m41s
  |last=Wawer
|first=Maria J.
|init=MJ
|publisher=Wawer, JohnsHopkinsSPH
|date=2010-12-01
|title=Rakai project
}}</ref>
  |Comment=You heard that right. She want's to make circumcision part of the culture. i.e., the norm.
  |Comment=You heard that right. She want's to make circumcision part of the culture. i.e., the norm.
}}
}}
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  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=06m23s  M. Wawer, MedPageToday. (2008, February 08). ''CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission.'']</ref>
  |ref=<ref>{{REFweb
  |Comment=In fact, she found that male circumcision increases risk of HIV transmission in women.
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=06m23s
|last=Wawer
  |first=Maria J.
|init=MJ
|publisher=MedPageToday
|date=2008-02-08
|title=CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission
}}</ref>
  |Comment=In fact, she found that male circumcision increases risk of [[HIV]] transmission in women.
}}
}}


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  |Author=Interviewer
  |Author=Interviewer
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=00m50s  Interviewer, MedPageToday. (2008, February 08). ''CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission.'']</ref>
  |ref=<ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=00m50s
  |publisher=MedPageToday
|date=2008-02-08
|title=CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission
}}</ref>
  |Comment=Ignoring her own findings when they don't support male circumcision.
  |Comment=Ignoring her own findings when they don't support male circumcision.
}}
}}
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{{Citation
{{Citation
  |Title=Male Circumcision does NOT protect women
  |Title=Male Circumcision does NOT protect women
  |Text=Disappointingly, when we looked at the women partners of the (HIV) positive men, who've been circumcised, compared to the partners who had not been circumcised, we actually found a slightly higher rate of transmission from the positive circumcised men than from positive uncircumcised men.
  |Text=Disappointingly, when we looked at the women partners of the (HIV) positive men, who've been circumcised, compared to the partners who had not been circumcised, we actually found a slightly higher rate of transmission from the positive circumcised men than from positive [[uncircumcised]] men.
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Author=M. Wawer
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |Source=MedPageToday
  |ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=03m40s  M. Wawer, MedPageToday. (2008, February 08). ''CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission.'']</ref>
  |ref=<ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCRh1Q69Ry4#t=03m40s
|last=Wawer
  |first=Maria J.
|init=MJ
|publisher=MedPageToday
|date=2008-02-08
|title=CROI: Circumcising HIV-Pos Men Doesn't Block Transmission
}}</ref>
  |Comment=Interestingly, Maria has said on numerous occasions that circumcision will reduce the rate of transmission to female partners, even though her research doesn't support this. Here she contradicts herself, yet again.
  |Comment=Interestingly, Maria has said on numerous occasions that circumcision will reduce the rate of transmission to female partners, even though her research doesn't support this. Here she contradicts herself, yet again.
}}
}}
==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection==
=== Population-based studies ===
{{Population-based studies}}
===Two African surveys===
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.


French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
<blockquote>
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michel
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
|date=2022-04-04
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|volume=online ahead of print
|pages=1-16
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
|pubmedID=35373731
|accessdate=2022-11-07
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
<blockquote>
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=Michael
|init=M
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Sci
|location=
|date=2022-10-26
|season=
|volume=
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=1-13
|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=36286328
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
|accessdate=2022-11-07
}}</ref></blockquote>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
 
* [[Bias]]
* [[Circumcision and HIV]]
* [[Circumcision and HIV]]
 
* [[United States of America]]
{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
  |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
|archived=
  |title=HIV/AIDS
  |title=HIV/AIDS
|trans-title=
  |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
|language=English
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
  |publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
|website=
  |date=2020
  |date=2020
  |accessdate=2020-07-16
  |accessdate=2020-07-16
|format=
|quote=
}}
}}


{{ABBR}}
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Wawer, Maria J.}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wawer, Maria J.}}


[[Category:USA]]
[[Category:Person]]
[[Category:Person]]
[[Category:Female]]
[[Category:Female]]
 
[[Category:Bias]]
[[Category:Promoter]]
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Researcher]]


[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:USA]]


[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
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