UNICEF: Difference between revisions

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'''UNICEF''' promotes the [[circumcision]] of children in violation of international [[human rights]] law as HIV prevention policy.<ref>{{REFweb

'''UNICEF''' promotes the [[circumcision]] of children in violation of international [[human rights]] law as [[HIV]] prevention policy.<ref>{{REFweb

|quote=[...] the Government and UNICEF are working together to introduce infant male circumcision [...]

|last=

Line 35:

{{Citation

|Title=

|Text=Young people everywhere need accurate and relevant information about sexual and reproductive health and HIV transmission, as well as opportunities to build risk-reduction skills. They also need access to appropriate HIV prevention services, including voluntary counseling and testing, harm reduction, sexual and reproductive health services, PMTCT and <span style="background:#d7f5ff">male circumcision</span>, and to commodities including condoms.

|Text=Young people everywhere need accurate and relevant information about sexual and reproductive health and [[HIV]] transmission, as well as opportunities to build risk-reduction skills. They also need access to appropriate [[HIV]] prevention services, including voluntary counseling and testing, harm reduction, sexual and reproductive health services, PMTCT and <span style="background:#d7f5ff">male circumcision</span>, and to commodities including condoms.

|Author=

|Source=UNICEF

Line 49:

|date=2011-03-04

|publisher=Science Speaks: HIV & TB News

|quote=The Ministry of Health, supported principally by UNICEF and PEPFAR, is currently working to introduce and scale up neonatal circumcision.

|quote=The Ministry of Health, supported principally by UNICEF and [[PEPFAR]], is currently working to introduce and scale up neonatal circumcision.

|accessdate=2011-05-06

}}</ref>

Point of Interest: In recent studies, HIV transmission was found to be more prevalent in circumcised males in Swaziland. The drive to circumcise the majority of Swazi men continues none the less.<ref>{{REFjournal

Point of Interest: In recent studies, [[HIV]] transmission was found to be more prevalent in circumcised males in Swaziland. The drive to circumcise the majority of Swazi men continues none the less.<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=

|first=

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|pages=

|url=http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR202/FR202.pdf

|quote=As Table 14.10 shows, the relationship between HIV prevalence and circumcision status is not in the expected direction. Circumcised men have a slightly higher HIV infection rate than men who are not circumcised (22 percent compared with 20 percent)

|quote=As Table 14.10 shows, the relationship between [[HIV]] prevalence and circumcision status is not in the expected direction. Circumcised men have a slightly higher [[HIV]] infection rate than men who are not circumcised (22 percent compared with 20 percent)

|accessdate=2011-05-06

}}</ref>

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|accessdate=2021-07-18

}}</ref>

==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection==

=== Population-based studies ===

===Two African surveys===

The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.

French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.

In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:

In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal

|last=Garenne

|first=Michel

|init=M

|author-link=Michel Garenne

|title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho

|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/

|date=2022-04-04

|journal=J Biosoc Sci

|volume=online ahead of print

|pages=1-16

|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153

|pubmedID=35373731

|accessdate=2022-11-07

}}</ref>

</blockquote>

In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:

"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal

|last=Garenne

|first=Michael

|init=M

|author-link=

|etal=no

|title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa

|trans-title=

|language=

|journal=J Biosoc Sci

|location=

|date=2022-10-26

|season=

|volume=

|issue=

|article=

|page=

|pages=1-13

|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50

|archived=

|quote=

|pubmedID=36286328

|pubmedCID=

|DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414

|accessdate=2022-11-07

}}</ref></blockquote>

* [[Circumcision and HIV]]

* {{REFweb

|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/

|title=HIV/AIDS

|publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision

|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]

|website=

|date=2020

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Line 218:

|quote=

}}

~~{{REF}}~~

[[Category:~~Organizations~~]]

[[Category:Organization]]

[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 }}
-'''UNICEF''' promotes the [[circumcision]] of children in violation of international [[human rights]] law as HIV prevention policy.<ref>{{REFweb
+'''UNICEF''' promotes the [[circumcision]] of children in violation of international [[human rights]] law as [[HIV]] prevention policy.<ref>{{REFweb
   |quote=[...] the Government and UNICEF are working together to introduce infant male circumcision [...]
   |last=
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 {{Citation
   |Title=
-  |Text=Young people everywhere need accurate and relevant information about sexual and reproductive health and HIV transmission, as well as opportunities to build risk-reduction skills. They also need access to appropriate HIV prevention services, including voluntary counseling and testing, harm reduction, sexual and reproductive health services, PMTCT and <span style="background:#d7f5ff">male circumcision</span>, and to commodities including condoms.
+  |Text=Young people everywhere need accurate and relevant information about sexual and reproductive health and [[HIV]] transmission, as well as opportunities to build risk-reduction skills. They also need access to appropriate [[HIV]] prevention services, including voluntary counseling and testing, harm reduction, sexual and reproductive health services, PMTCT and <span style="background:#d7f5ff">male circumcision</span>, and to commodities including condoms.
   |Author=
   |Source=UNICEF
@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
   |date=2011-03-04
   |publisher=Science Speaks: HIV & TB News
-  |quote=The Ministry of Health, supported principally by UNICEF and PEPFAR, is currently working to introduce and scale up neonatal circumcision.
+  |quote=The Ministry of Health, supported principally by UNICEF and [[PEPFAR]], is currently working to introduce and scale up neonatal circumcision.
   |accessdate=2011-05-06
 }}</ref>
-Point of Interest: In recent studies, HIV transmission was found to be more prevalent in circumcised males in Swaziland. The drive to circumcise the majority of Swazi men continues none the less.<ref>{{REFjournal
+Point of Interest: In recent studies, [[HIV]] transmission was found to be more prevalent in circumcised males in Swaziland. The drive to circumcise the majority of Swazi men continues none the less.<ref>{{REFjournal
   |last=
   |first=
@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
   |pages=
   |url=http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR202/FR202.pdf
-  |quote=As Table 14.10 shows, the relationship between HIV prevalence and circumcision status is not in the expected direction. Circumcised men have a slightly higher HIV infection rate than men who are not circumcised (22 percent compared with 20 percent)
+  |quote=As Table 14.10 shows, the relationship between [[HIV]] prevalence and circumcision status is not in the expected direction. Circumcised men have a slightly higher [[HIV]] infection rate than men who are not circumcised (22 percent compared with 20 percent)
   |accessdate=2011-05-06
 }}</ref>
@@ Line 150: / Line 150: @@
   |accessdate=2021-07-18
 }}</ref>
+==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection==
+=== Population-based studies ===
+{{Population-based studies}}
+===Two African surveys===
+The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
+French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.
+In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
+<blockquote>
+In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Garenne
+ |first=Michel
+ |init=M
+ |author-link=Michel Garenne
+ |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
+ |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/
+ |date=2022-04-04
+ |journal=J Biosoc Sci
+ |volume=online ahead of print
+ |pages=1-16
+ |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153
+ |pubmedID=35373731
+ |accessdate=2022-11-07
+}}</ref>
+</blockquote>
+In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
+<blockquote>
+ "Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Garenne
+ |first=Michael
+ |init=M
+ |author-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |journal=J Biosoc Sci
+ |location=
+ |date=2022-10-26
+ |season=
+ |volume=
+ |issue=
+ |article=
+ |page=
+ |pages=1-13
+ |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50
+ |archived=
+ |quote=
+ |pubmedID=36286328
+ |pubmedCID=
+ |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414
+ |accessdate=2022-11-07
+}}</ref></blockquote>
 {{SEEALSO}}
 * [[Circumcision and HIV]]
 {{LINKS}}
 * {{REFweb
   |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
   |title=HIV/AIDS
-  |publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
+  |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
   |website=
   |date=2020
@@ Line 165: / Line 218: @@
   |quote=
 }}
+{{REF}}
-{{REF}}
-[[Category:Organizations]]
+[[Category:Organization]]
 [[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]