Difference between revisions of "Risks and complications"
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| − | The '''risks and complications''' of male circumcision are extensive and only gradually being recognized by medical authorities. | + | The '''risks and complications''' of male circumcision are extensive and only gradually being recognized by medical authorities. Agawal et al. (2005) stated: |
| + | <blockquote> | ||
| + | Although circumcision is considered to be a simple procedure devoid of much morbidity, it is associated with many complications like hemorrhage, edema, infection, meatal stenosis, urethral fistulae, unsightly scars, penile curvature, shortness of shaft skin, and partial, or total penile loss.<ref name="agarwal2005">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Agarwal | ||
| + | |first= | ||
| + | |init=A | ||
| + | |author-link= | ||
| + | |last2=Mohta | ||
| + | |first2= | ||
| + | |init2=A | ||
| + | |author2-link= | ||
| + | |last3=Anand | ||
| + | |first3= | ||
| + | |init3=RK | ||
| + | |author3-link= | ||
| + | |etal=no | ||
| + | |title=Preputial retraction in children | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |journal=J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg | ||
| + | |location= | ||
| + | |date=2005-04 | ||
| + | |volume=10 | ||
| + | |issue=2 | ||
| + | |article= | ||
| + | |pages=89-91 | ||
| + | |url=https://journals.lww.com/jiap/fulltext/2005/10020/preputial_retraction_in_children.5.aspx | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | |pubmedID= | ||
| + | |pubmedCID= | ||
| + | |DOI=10.4103/0971-9261.16468 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2025-08-02 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | </blockquote> | ||
| + | Fendereski et al. (2024) found that, in the absence of the protective [[foreskin]], [[circumcised]] boys have three times as many [[penis]] problems as compared with [[foreskinned]] boys.<ref name="fendereski2024">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Fendereski | ||
| + | |first= | ||
| + | |init=K | ||
| + | |author-link= | ||
| + | |last2=Horns | ||
| + | |first2= | ||
| + | |init2=JJ | ||
| + | |author2-link= | ||
| + | |last3=Driggs | ||
| + | |first3= | ||
| + | |init3=N | ||
| + | |author3-link= | ||
| + | |last4=Lau | ||
| + | |first4= | ||
| + | |init4=G | ||
| + | |author4-link= | ||
| + | |last5=Shaeffer | ||
| + | |first5= | ||
| + | |init5=AJ | ||
| + | |author5-link= | ||
| + | |etal=no | ||
| + | |title=Comparing Penile Problems in Circumcised vs. Uncircumcised Boys: Insights From a Large Commercial Claims Database With a Focus on Provider Type Performing Circumcision | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |journal=J Pediatr Surg | ||
| + | |date=2024-11 | ||
| + | |volume=59 | ||
| + | |issue=11 | ||
| + | |article=161614 | ||
| + | |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002234682400407X | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | |pubmedID=39084960 | ||
| + | |pubmedCID=11486584 | ||
| + | |DOI=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.022 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2025-01-06 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| − | Male [[circumcision]] is a surgical operation that amputates a [[Foreskin| body part]] with | + | Male [[circumcision]] is a surgical operation that amputates a [[Foreskin| body part]] with numerous protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions. When considering the complications, risks, and other disadvantages, one must consider the surgical risks and also the loss of function inherent in the loss of a body part. Adverse [[Sexual effects of circumcision| sexual]] and [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| psychological]] effects have been identified, that should be considered in assessing the total risk and losses of a proposed circumcision. |
| − | A wide range of surgical complications occur in 2-10% of the cases. The risks are classified as [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and surgical mishap.<ref>Williams, N; L. Kapila (October 1993). "[http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/williams-kapila/#n14 Complications of circumcision]". ''Brit J Surg'' 80 (10): 1231-6.</ref> | + | A wide range of surgical complications occur in 2-10% of the cases. The risks are classified as [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and surgical mishap.<ref>Williams, N; L. Kapila (October 1993). "[http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/williams-kapila/#n14 Complications of circumcision]". ''Brit J Surg'' 80 (10): 1231-6.</ref> [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)| Doctors Opposing Circumcision]] (2008) provided a comprehensive list in Chapters 4, 5, and 6 of their classic Genital Integrity Policy Statement.<ref>{{REFdocument |
| + | |title=Genital Integrity Policy Statement | ||
| + | |url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/2008_Genital_Integrity_Policy_Statement.pdf | ||
| + | |contribution= | ||
| + | |last=Doctors Opposing Circumcision | ||
| + | |author-link=Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.) | ||
| + | |publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision | ||
| + | |format=PDF | ||
| + | |date=2008-06 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2025-01-07 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| − | Since there are approximately 120 million circumcised men in the United States today, it stands to reason that there are millions of men who suffer daily from the effects of these botched circumcisions and amputations. | + | Since there are approximately 120 million [[circumcised]] men in the [[United States]] today, it stands to reason that there are millions of men who suffer daily from the effects of these botched circumcisions and amputations. |
| − | Perhaps worst of all, more than 117<ref>{{BollingerD 2010}}</ref> to 229<ref>Baker RL. [http://www.cirp.org/library/general/baker1/ Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous]. ''Sexual Medicine Today'' 1979;3(11):35-36)</ref> infants in the U.S. die from circumcision every year. | + | Perhaps worst of all, more than 117<ref>{{BollingerD 2010}}</ref> to 229<ref>Baker RL. [http://www.cirp.org/library/general/baker1/ Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous]. ''Sexual Medicine Today'' 1979;3(11):35-36)</ref> infants in the U.S. die from [[circumcision]] every year. |
| − | The typical circumcision of an infant boy is a medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic surgery. It has no upside, only numerous downsides. | + | The typical [[circumcision]] of an infant boy is a harmful, medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic surgery. It has no upside, only numerous downsides. |
| − | Many men report a loss of sensation after circumcision. | + | Many men report a loss of sensation after [[Adult circumcision| circumcision]]. |
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
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* [[Pain]] | * [[Pain]] | ||
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]] | * [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]] | ||
| + | * [[Trauma]] | ||
| + | * [[United States of America]] | ||
{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
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[[Category:Parental information]] | [[Category:Parental information]] | ||
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[[Category:Circumcision]] | [[Category:Circumcision]] | ||
[[Category:Circumcision risk]] | [[Category:Circumcision risk]] | ||
[[Category:Circumcision complication]] | [[Category:Circumcision complication]] | ||
[[Category:Male circumcision]] | [[Category:Male circumcision]] | ||
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| + | [[Category:USA]] | ||
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| + | [[Category:From Intactipedia]] | ||
| + | [[Category:From IntactWiki]] | ||
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[[de:Risiken und Komplikationen]] | [[de:Risiken und Komplikationen]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:12, 2 August 2025
The risks and complications of male circumcision are extensive and only gradually being recognized by medical authorities. Agawal et al. (2005) stated:
Although circumcision is considered to be a simple procedure devoid of much morbidity, it is associated with many complications like hemorrhage, edema, infection, meatal stenosis, urethral fistulae, unsightly scars, penile curvature, shortness of shaft skin, and partial, or total penile loss.[1]
Fendereski et al. (2024) found that, in the absence of the protective foreskin, circumcised boys have three times as many penis problems as compared with foreskinned boys.[2]
Male circumcision is a surgical operation that amputates a body part with numerous protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions. When considering the complications, risks, and other disadvantages, one must consider the surgical risks and also the loss of function inherent in the loss of a body part. Adverse sexual and psychological effects have been identified, that should be considered in assessing the total risk and losses of a proposed circumcision.
A wide range of surgical complications occur in 2-10% of the cases. The risks are classified as bleeding, infection, and surgical mishap.[3] Doctors Opposing Circumcision (2008) provided a comprehensive list in Chapters 4, 5, and 6 of their classic Genital Integrity Policy Statement.[4]
Since there are approximately 120 million circumcised men in the United States today, it stands to reason that there are millions of men who suffer daily from the effects of these botched circumcisions and amputations.
Perhaps worst of all, more than 117[5] to 229[6] infants in the U.S. die from circumcision every year.
The typical circumcision of an infant boy is a harmful, medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic surgery. It has no upside, only numerous downsides.
Many men report a loss of sensation after circumcision.
See also
External links
(22 February 2013). Complications of circumcision
, Circumcision Reference Library. Retrieved 3 December 2019.- (30 July 2013).
Foreskin Sexual Function/Circumcision Sexual Dysfunction
, Circumcision Reference Library. Retrieved 3 December 2019. - (26 May 2012).
Psychological impacts of male circumcision
, Circumcision Reference Library. Retrieved 3 February 2019. - Young, Hugh.
The Foreskin, Circumcision and Sexuality
, Circumstitions. Retrieved 3 December 2019. - (July 2016).
Complications of Circumcision
, Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.). Retrieved 6 December 2025.
References
- ↑
Agarwal A, Mohta A, Anand RK. Preputial retraction in children. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. April 2005; 10(2): 89-91. DOI. Retrieved 2 August 2025.
- ↑ Fendereski K, Horns JJ, Driggs N, Lau G, Shaeffer AJ. Comparing Penile Problems in Circumcised vs. Uncircumcised Boys: Insights From a Large Commercial Claims Database With a Focus on Provider Type Performing Circumcision. J Pediatr Surg. November 2024; 59(11): [161614]. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- ↑ Williams, N; L. Kapila (October 1993). "Complications of circumcision". Brit J Surg 80 (10): 1231-6.
- ↑
Doctors Opposing Circumcision: Genital Integrity Policy Statement , Doctors Opposing Circumcision. (June 2008). Retrieved 7 January 2025.
- ↑ Bollinger D, Boy's Health Advisory. Lost Boys: An Estimate of U.S. Circumcision-Related Infant Deaths. Thymos: Journal of Boyhood Studies. 26 April 2010; 4(1): 78–90. DOI. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ↑ Baker RL. Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous. Sexual Medicine Today 1979;3(11):35-36)
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