India: Difference between revisions
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The partition caused a mass migration with Muslims moving from India into Pakistan and non-Muslims moving from Pakistan into India. Muslims continued to conduct forced circumcisions at this time.<ref name="fcirc"/> | The partition caused a mass migration with Muslims moving from India into Pakistan and non-Muslims moving from Pakistan into India. Muslims continued to conduct forced circumcisions at this time.<ref name="fcirc"/> | ||
==The foreskin in India== | ==The foreskin in India== | ||
Indian men avoid [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.hoshyoga.org/why-do-indians-dont-get-circumcised/ | |||
|title=Why do Indians don’t get circumcised? | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|publisher=Host Yoga | |||
|date=2025 | |||
|accessdate=2025-11-13 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
Ravi Kumar (2017) observed: | Ravi Kumar (2017) observed: | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
The normal variant of [[phimosis| phimosed foreskin]] in adult males is said to be more common in Indian men, but more study is needed. | The normal variant of [[phimosis| phimosed foreskin]] in adult males is said to be more common in Indian men and more accepted, but more study is needed. | ||
== Medical science == | == Medical science == | ||
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Circumcision marks one as a probable member of the Muslim religious minority.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Although male circumcision is not unlawful, it is not part of the culture or religion of most Indians. In fact, it is viewed with distaste or even horror by most Indians, especially since it is associated with [[Islam| Islamic]] practice.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Sikhism prohibits cutting of the body and Jainism favors non-violence. Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and others have no desire to appear to be Muslim. The vast majority (86.5%) of males are [[foreskinned]]. | Circumcision marks one as a probable member of the Muslim religious minority.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Although male circumcision is not unlawful, it is not part of the culture or religion of most Indians. In fact, it is viewed with distaste or even horror by most Indians, especially since it is associated with [[Islam| Islamic]] practice.<ref name="sahay2014" /> Sikhism prohibits cutting of the body and Jainism favors non-violence. Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and others have no desire to appear to be Muslim. The vast majority (86.5%) of males are [[foreskinned]]. | ||
Boys born into the 14.2% Muslim minority of families are usually [[circumcised]] ritually without anaesthesia for the [[pain]] by traditional circumcisors or barbers prior to puberty.<ref name="sahay2014"/> | Boys born into the 14.2% Muslim minority of families are usually [[circumcised]] ritually without anaesthesia for the [[pain]] by traditional circumcisors or barbers prior to [[puberty]].<ref name="sahay2014"/> | ||
=== Medical circumcision === | === Medical circumcision === | ||
Circumcision of adult male for medical indications is also practiced. There are urologists who advertise and promote their services. It is not clear that Indian urologists offer conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[foreskin]] conditions to [[intact]] Indian men. The Urological Society of India does not offer guidelines on the conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[phimosis]].<ref name="usi2024">{{REFweb | Circumcision of adult male for medical indications is also practiced. There are urologists who advertise and promote their services. It is not clear that Indian urologists offer conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[foreskin]] conditions to [[intact]] Indian men. The [https://www.usi.org.in/ Urological Society of India] does not offer guidelines on the conservative prepuce-preserving treatment of [[phimosis]].<ref name="usi2024">{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://usi.org.in/index.php | |url=https://usi.org.in/index.php | ||
|title=Urological Society of India | |title=Urological Society of India | ||
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== The prevalence of circumcision == | == The prevalence of circumcision == | ||
The World Population Review (2024) and [[Brian J. Morris]] (2016) both estimate that 13.5 percent of Indian males are [[circumcised]],<ref>{{REFweb | The [https://www.nfhsiips.in/nfhsuser/index.php National Family Health Survey] (2015) found that the prevalence of [[circumcision]] varies among the Indian states as shown on a map. The national average was reported to be 15.67 percent.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Kerala/comments/zoumv5/circumcision_among_indian_states/#lightbox | |||
|title=Percentage of Males Who are Circumcised in Each State | |||
|last=Anonymous | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=National Family Health Survey | |||
|date=1915 | |||
|accessdate=2025-01-19 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
The [https://worldpopulationreview.com/ World Population Review] (2024) and [[Brian J. Morris]] (2016) both estimate that 13.5 percent of Indian males are [[circumcised]],<ref>{{REFweb | |||
|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/circumcision-by-country | |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/circumcision-by-country | ||
|title=Circumcision by Country 2024 | |title=Circumcision by Country 2024 | ||
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[[Category:Asia]] | [[Category:Asia]] | ||
[[Category:Circumcision]] | [[Category:Circumcision]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Country]] | ||
[[Category:Education]] | [[Category:Education]] | ||
[[Category:Male circumcision]] | [[Category:Male circumcision]] | ||
[[Category:Statistics]] | [[Category:Statistics]] | ||
[[Category:India]] | |||
[[de:Indien]] | [[de:Indien]] | ||