Physiological phimosis: Difference between revisions
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'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a medical term that is used to designate the normal, healthy, developmental condition of the [[penis]] during infancy, boyhood, and adolescence. | '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a medical term that is used to designate the normal, healthy, developmental condition of the [[penis]] during infancy, boyhood, pre-teen, and adolescence. | ||
<b>Physiological</b> is a word that designates a normal, healthy condition. It opposes the word <b>pathological</b> that designates an abnormal, perhaps diseased condition.<ref>{{REFweb | <b>Physiological</b> is a word that designates a normal, healthy condition. It opposes the word <b>pathological</b> that designates an abnormal, perhaps diseased condition.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
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[[Phimosis]] is the word derived from Greek that denotes the condition of a [[foreskin]] that does not retract. Phimosis is not a disease. | [[Phimosis]] is the word derived from Greek that denotes the condition of a [[foreskin]] that does not retract. Phimosis is not a disease. | ||
==Discussion== | ==Discussion== | ||
The [[foreskin]] evolved over hundreds of thousands of years in men and animals to provide protective functions that enhance survival. It provides protection to the penis from [[trauma]] and [[infection]].<ref name="fleiss-hodges-vanhowe1998">{{FleissP HodgesF VanHoweRS 1998}}</ref> Its presence prevents [[meatal stenosis]] and [[keratinization]]. | The [[foreskin]] evolved over hundreds of thousands of years in men and animals to provide protective functions that enhance survival. It provides protection to the penis from [[trauma]] and [[infection]].<ref name="fleiss-hodges-vanhowe1998">{{FleissP HodgesF VanHoweRS 1998}}</ref> Its presence over the [[glans penis]] prevents [[meatal stenosis]] and [[keratinization]]. | ||
Nature provides two means to prevent retraction of the [[foreskin]] during the developmental period.<ref>{{REFweb | Nature provides two means to prevent retraction and maintain protection of the [[foreskin]] during the developmental period.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/phimosis-balantis/ | |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/phimosis-balantis/ | ||
|title=Phimosis and Balanitis | |title=Phimosis and Balanitis | ||
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|date=2016 | |date=2016 | ||
|accessdate=2025-10-22 | |accessdate=2025-10-22 | ||
}}</ref> 1) The inner surface of the foreskin is fused with the underlying [[glans penis]] by a common [[synechia]] to prevent retraction. Forcible retraction will tear the synechia so should be avoided. 2) Nature provides a second method is provided to prevent retraction by making the tip of the immature foreskin too narrow to pass over the [[glans penis]]. | }}</ref> 1) The inner surface of the foreskin is fused with the underlying [[glans penis]] by a common [[synechia]] to prevent retraction.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Mohta | |||
|first= | |||
|init=A | |||
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|last2=Agarwal | |||
|first2= | |||
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|last3=Anand | |||
|first3= | |||
|init3=RK | |||
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|etal=no | |||
|title=Preputial retraction in children | |||
|journal=J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg | |||
|date=2005-04 | |||
|volume=10 | |||
|issue=2 | |||
|pages=89-91 | |||
|url=https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/7cd4de6a-ef1e-4f2b-a150-3fea37039b90/content | |||
|archived= | |||
|quote= | |||
|DOI=10.4103/0971-9261.16468 | |||
|accessdate=2026-02-05 | |||
}}</ref> Forcible retraction will tear the synechia so should be avoided. 2) Nature provides a second method is provided to prevent retraction by making the tip of the immature foreskin too narrow to pass over the [[glans penis]]. One-half of boys can retract by 10.4 years of age, but the others do not become retractable until later.<ref>{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Thorvaldsen | |||
|first= | |||
|init=MA | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2=Meyhoff | |||
|first2= | |||
|init2=HH | |||
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|etal=no | |||
|title=Patologisk eller fysiologisk fimose? | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|language=Danish | |||
|journal=Ugeskr Læger | |||
|date=2005-04-25 | |||
|volume=167 | |||
|issue=17 | |||
|pages=1858-62 | |||
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/normal/thorvaldsen1/ | |||
|archived= | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID=15929334 | |||
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|accessdate=2025-10-29 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
Continued physiological phimosis with non-retractable foreskin into adult life is a normal variant. | |||
The first person to retract a boy's [[foreskin]] should be the boy himself.<ref name="Wright1994">{{REFjournal | The first person to retract a boy's [[foreskin]] should be the boy himself.<ref name="Wright1994">{{REFjournal | ||
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|journal=Med J Aust | |journal=Med J Aust | ||
|volume=160 | |volume=160 | ||
|pages=134-5 | |||
|pages=134- | |||
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/wright2/ | |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/wright2/ | ||
|quote= | |quote= | ||
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|date=1994-02-07 | |date=1994-02-07 | ||
|accessdate=2025-10-22 | |accessdate=2025-10-22 | ||
}}</ref> | |||
==Adolescents== | |||
A few pubescent [[intact]] adolescents will find that their foreskin has retained the normal childhood tightness. French physician Dr. Michel Beaugé (1997) recommends that teens adopt a [[masturbation]] style that will cause [[stretching]] of the [[foreskin]].<ref>{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Beaugé | |||
|init=M | |||
|author-link= | |||
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/beauge2/ | |||
|title=The causes of adolescent phimosis | |||
|journal=Br J Sex Med | |||
|date=1997-09 | |||
|volume= | |||
|issue= | |||
|pages=26 | |||
|accessdate=2025-10-26 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
==Warning to parents== | |||
Some medical doctors, either because of ignorance or because of greed, will tell parents that their normal, healthy son, with a normal, healthy, non-retractile foreskin needs a [[circumcision]]. Circumcision is a [[pain| painful]], harmful, and usually unnecessary [[amputation]] that permanently causes [[bodily harm]] by destroying the many useful, healthful, beneficial [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| physiological functions of the foreskin]], so circumcision should be avoided except as a last resort. | |||
Parents who have such a doctor for their [[intact]] son would do well to find a [[Lists of foreskin-friendly and intact-friendly physicians| foreskin-friendly physician]].<ref>{{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.yourwholebaby.org/phimosis | |||
|title=The Doctor Says My Child has Phimosis! | |||
|last=Ward | |||
|first=Katie | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=Your Whole Baby | |||
|date=2019-06-29 | |||
|accessdate=2026-02-07 | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[Development of retractable foreskin]] | * [[Development of retractable foreskin]] | ||
* [[Masturbation]] | |||
* [[Pathological phimosis]] | * [[Pathological phimosis]] | ||
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|author-link= | |author-link= | ||
|publisher=Your Whole Baby | |publisher=Your Whole Baby | ||
|date= | |date=2019-06-29 | ||
|accessdate=2025-10-22 | |accessdate=2025-10-22 | ||
}} | }} | ||
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[[Category:Education]] | [[Category:Education]] | ||
[[Category:Medical term]] | [[Category:Medical term]] | ||
[[Category:Parental information]] | [[Category:Parental information]] | ||
[[Category:Penile disorder]] | [[Category:Penile disorder]] | ||
[[Category:Teen]] | |||
[[Category:Term]] | |||