IntactiWiki

Circumcision study flaws: Difference between revisions

← Older editNewer edit →
WikiAdmin (talk | contribs)
administrator, administrators, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Administrators
22,834 edits
WikiAdmin (talk | contribs)
administrator, administrators, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Administrators
22,834 edits
m renamed subtitles
WikiAdmin (talk | contribs)
administrator, administrators, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Administrators
22,834 edits
m using Incomplete template; adjusted REFs; typos
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Construction Site}}
{{Incomplete}}
'''Circumcision study flaws''' are numerous. The medical literature relating to circumcision is influenced by the authors' religious and cultural views.<ref>{{REFweb
'''Circumcision study flaws''' are numerous. The medical literature relating to circumcision is influenced by the authors' religious and cultural views.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://circumcision.org/cultural-and-medical-bias/
  |url=https://circumcision.org/cultural-and-medical-bias/
Line 6: Line 6:
  |first=
  |first=
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
}}</ref> Moreover. the circumcision status of male authors impacts their views.<ref name="hill2007">{{REFjournal
}}</ref> Moreover, the circumcision status of male authors impacts their views.<ref name="hill2007">{{REFjournal
  |last=Hill  
  |last=Hill  
  |first=G.
  |first=G.
Line 17: Line 17:
  |issue=3
  |issue=3
  |pages=318-323
  |pages=318-323
|doi=
}}</ref> <ref name="boyle2012>{{REFjournal
}}</ref> <ref name="boyle2012>{{REFjournal
  |last=Boyle
  |last=Boyle
  |first=Gregory J.
  |first=Gregory J.
  |author-link=
  |author-link=Gregory J. Boyle
  |last2=Hill
  |last2=Hill
  |first2=George
  |first2=George
  |author2-link=
  |author2-link=George Hill
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Circumcision‐generated emotions bias medical literature
  |title=Circumcision‐generated emotions bias medical literature
|trans-title=
|language=English
  |journal=BJU Int
  |journal=BJU Int
|location=
  |date=2012
  |date=2012
  |volume=109
  |volume=109
Line 36: Line 32:
  |pages=E11
  |pages=E11
  |url=https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10917.x
  |url=https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10917.x
|archived=
|quote=
  |pubmedID=22313504
  |pubmedID=22313504
|pubmedCID=
  |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10917.x
  |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10917.x
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
Line 48: Line 41:
==Review of the circumcision literature==
==Review of the circumcision literature==


Bossio ''et al''. (2014) conducted a comprehensive review of the circumcision literature. They reported that most research was concentrated on finding a benefit for non-therapeutic circumcision and there were large gaps in the knowledge of the sexual health correlates of male circumcision, including:
Bossio ''et al.'' (2014) conducted a comprehensive review of the circumcision literature. They reported that most research was concentrated on finding a benefit for non-therapeutic circumcision and there were large gaps in the knowledge of the sexual health correlates of male circumcision, including:
* penile sensation
* penile sensation
* sexual functioning
* sexual functioning
Line 65: Line 58:
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=A review of the current state of the male circumcision literature
  |title=A review of the current state of the male circumcision literature
|trans-title=
|language=English
  |journal=J Sex Med
  |journal=J Sex Med
|location=
  |date=2014-12
  |date=2014-12
  |volume=11
  |volume=11
Line 74: Line 64:
  |pages=2847-64
  |pages=2847-64
  |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Caroline_Pukall/publication/266564315_A_Review_of_the_Current_State_of_the_Male_Circumcision_Literature/links/59ed438a0f7e9bfdeb71aec7/A-Review-of-the-Current-State-of-the-Male-Circumcision-Literature.pdf
  |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Caroline_Pukall/publication/266564315_A_Review_of_the_Current_State_of_the_Male_Circumcision_Literature/links/59ed438a0f7e9bfdeb71aec7/A-Review-of-the-Current-State-of-the-Male-Circumcision-Literature.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
  |pubmedID=25284631
  |pubmedID=25284631
|pubmedCID=
  |DOI=10.1111/jsm.12703  
  |DOI=10.1111/jsm.12703  
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Bossio ''et al''. made three recommendations:
Bossio ''et al.'' made three recommendations:
 
1. That more rigours and consistent methodology be used.
 
2. Empirically rigorous studies of the physiological effects of neonatal circumcision are needed.


3. Psychosocial factors, including [[Sexual effects of circumcision| sexual correlates of circumcision]], should be studied.<ref name="bossio2014" />
# That more rigours and consistent methodology be used.
# Empirically rigorous studies of the physiological effects of neonatal circumcision are needed.
# Psychosocial factors, including [[Sexual effects of circumcision| sexual correlates of circumcision]], should be studied.<ref name="bossio2014" />


To carry out the recommendations of the authors it would be necessary to violate the [[human rights]] of more boys who would be permanently injured by non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].
To carry out the recommendations of the authors it would be necessary to violate the [[human rights]] of more boys who would be permanently injured by non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].
Line 97: Line 82:
  |last=Goldman
  |last=Goldman
  |first=Ronald
  |first=Ronald
  |author-link=
  |author-link=Ronald Goldman
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Circumcision policy: A psychosocial perspective
  |title=Circumcision policy: A psychosocial perspective
|trans-title=
|language=
  |journal=Paediatrics & Child Health
  |journal=Paediatrics & Child Health
  |location=English
  |location=English
Line 109: Line 92:
  |pages=630-3
  |pages=630-3
  |url=https://academic.oup.com/pch/article/9/9/630/2648566
  |url=https://academic.oup.com/pch/article/9/9/630/2648566
|archived=
|quote=
  |pubmedID=19675851
  |pubmedID=19675851
  |pubmedCID=2724127
  |pubmedCID=2724127
Line 124: Line 105:
  |last=Boyle
  |last=Boyle
  |first=Gregory J.
  |first=Gregory J.
  |author-link=
  |author-link=Gregory J. Boyle
  |last2=Hill
  |last2=Hill
  |first2=George
  |first2=George
Line 135: Line 116:
  |pages=316-334
  |pages=316-334
  |url=http://www.salem-news.com/fms/pdf/2011-12_JLM-Boyle-Hill.pdf
  |url=http://www.salem-news.com/fms/pdf/2011-12_JLM-Boyle-Hill.pdf
|quote=
  |pubmedID=22320006
  |pubmedID=22320006
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
  |accessdate=2020-07-31
  |accessdate=2020-07-31
}}</ref> claims that circumcision reduces the risk of HIV by 60 percent. The statement shows only limited understanding of the functions of the foreskin. While it recognizes the protective function, it does not recognize the immunological function or sexual function, and shows only limited understanding of the erogenous function. The RACP places parental preference above child human rights. Nevertheless, public hospitals in [[Australia]] have banned performance of non-therapeutic circumcisions<ref>{{REFnews
}}</ref> claims that circumcision reduces the risk of HIV by 60 percent. The statement shows only limited understanding of the functions of the foreskin. While it recognizes the protective function, it does not recognize the immunological function or sexual function, and shows only limited understanding of the erogenous function. The RACP places parental preference above child human rights. Nevertheless, public hospitals in [[Australia]] have banned performance of non-therapeutic circumcisions<ref>{{REFnews
Line 154: Line 132:
  |url=http://www.circinfo.org/news_2018.html#fall
  |url=http://www.circinfo.org/news_2018.html#fall
  |title=Foreskins rule! Australians rush to abandon circumcision
  |title=Foreskins rule! Australians rush to abandon circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
  |publisher=Circumcision Information Australia
  |publisher=Circumcision Information Australia
|website=
  |date=2018
  |date=2018
  |accessdate=2020-03-31
  |accessdate=2020-03-31
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> The RACP needs to update this backward-looking, outmoded statement.
}}</ref> The RACP needs to update this backward-looking, outmoded statement.


Line 170: Line 140:
  |url=https://www.racp.edu.au//docs/default-source/advocacy-library/circumcision-of-infant-males.pdf?sfvrsn=eaa32f1a_10
  |url=https://www.racp.edu.au//docs/default-source/advocacy-library/circumcision-of-infant-males.pdf?sfvrsn=eaa32f1a_10
  |title=Circumcision of infant males
  |title=Circumcision of infant males
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
  |publisher=Royal Australasian College of Physicians
  |publisher=Royal Australasian College of Physicians
|website=
  |date=2010-09
  |date=2010-09
  |accessdate=2020-07-31  
  |accessdate=2020-07-31  
  |format=PDF
  |format=PDF
|quote=
}}
}}


=== Canada ===
=== Canada ===
The [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] (2015) issued a new statement regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys. This statement was prompted by the three seriously flawed HIV studies of adult males in Africa, that have now been disproved,<ref name="boyle-hill2011" /> and caused the retirement of the excellent previous 1996 statement.<ref name="cps1996">{{REFjournal
The [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] (2015) issued a new statement regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys. This statement was prompted by the three seriously flawed HIV studies of adult males in Africa, that have now been disproved,<ref name="boyle-hill2011"/> and caused the retirement of the excellent previous 1996 statement.<ref name="cps1996">{{REFjournal
  |last=Outerbridge
  |last=Outerbridge
  |first=Eugene
  |first=Eugene
Line 195: Line 160:
  |pages=769-80
  |pages=769-80
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1487803/
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1487803/
|quote=
  |pubmedID=8634956
  |pubmedID=8634956
  |pubmedCID=1487803
  |pubmedCID=1487803
|DOI=
  }}</ref>
  }}</ref>


Line 241: Line 204:
  |pages=311-20
  |pages=311-20
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4578472/
  |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4578472/
|quote=
  |pubmedID=26435672
  |pubmedID=26435672
  |pubmedCID=4578472
  |pubmedCID=4578472
Line 247: Line 209:
  |accessdate=2020-07-31
  |accessdate=2020-07-31
}}
}}


The [http://www.cua.org/en Canadian Urological Association] (2018) issued a 24-page guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision. The statement is very comprehensive and covers treatment of various diseases and deformities as well as discussing non-therapeutic circumcision of boys in Canada. Our comments are restricted to the discussion of non-therapeutic circumcision.  
The [http://www.cua.org/en Canadian Urological Association] (2018) issued a 24-page guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision. The statement is very comprehensive and covers treatment of various diseases and deformities as well as discussing non-therapeutic circumcision of boys in Canada. Our comments are restricted to the discussion of non-therapeutic circumcision.  
Line 279: Line 240:
  |pages=E76-99
  |pages=E76-99
  |url=http://www.cua.org/themes/web/assets/files/g49_en_circumcision-new_logo_am.pdf
  |url=http://www.cua.org/themes/web/assets/files/g49_en_circumcision-new_logo_am.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
  |pubmedID=29381458
  |pubmedID=29381458
  |pubmedCID=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5937400/
  |pubmedCID=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5937400/
Line 292: Line 251:
  |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/smith/
  |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/smith/
  |title=Male Circumcision and the Rights of the Child
  |title=Male Circumcision and the Rights of the Child
|trans-title=
|language=
  |last=Smith
  |last=Smith
  |first=Jacqueline
  |first=Jacqueline
Line 301: Line 258:
  |date=1998
  |date=1998
  |accessdate=2020-02-04
  |accessdate=2020-02-04
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> so it should be no surprise that the statement emphasizes the protection of the human rights of male minors and the reduction in the number of non-therapeutic circumcisions of children as much as possible. It finds no medical purpose for child non-therapeutic circumcision.
}}</ref> so it should be no surprise that the statement emphasizes the protection of the human rights of male minors and the reduction in the number of non-therapeutic circumcisions of children as much as possible. It finds no medical purpose for child non-therapeutic circumcision.


Line 309: Line 264:
  |archived=
  |archived=
  |title=Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors
  |title=Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors
|trans-title=
|language=English
  |last=Kruseman
  |last=Kruseman
  |first=Arie
  |first=Arie
Line 319: Line 272:
  |accessdate=2020-07-31
  |accessdate=2020-07-31
  |format=PDF
  |format=PDF
|quote=
}}
}}


Line 327: Line 279:
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=https://www.bma.org.uk/media/1847/bma-non-therapeutic-male-circumcision-of-children-guidance-2019.pdf
  |url=https://www.bma.org.uk/media/1847/bma-non-therapeutic-male-circumcision-of-children-guidance-2019.pdf
|archived=
  |title=Non-therapeutic male circumcision (NTMC) of children – practical guidance for doctors  
  |title=Non-therapeutic male circumcision (NTMC) of children – practical guidance for doctors  
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
  |publisher=British Medical Association
  |publisher=British Medical Association
  |website=www.bma.org.uk
  |website=www.bma.org.uk
  |date=2019
  |date=2019
  |format=PDF
  |format=PDF
|quote=
}}
}}


Line 357: Line 304:
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |last2=Masi
  |last2=Masi
  |first2=CM
  |first2=C.M.
  |author2-link=
  |author2-link=
  |last3=Zuckerman
  |last3=Zuckerman
  |first3=EW
  |first3=E.W.
  |author3-link=
  |author3-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Circumcision in the United States
  |title=Circumcision in the United States
  |journal=JAMA
  |journal=JAMA
|location=
  |date=1997
  |date=1997
  |volume=277
  |volume=277
Line 371: Line 317:
  |pages=1052-7
  |pages=1052-7
  |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/laumann/
  |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/laumann/
|archived=
|quote=
  |pubmedID=9091693
  |pubmedID=9091693
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=
}}</ref> As a result, many Americans have never seen a human foreskin and most are profoundly ignorant of its care, purposes, and functions.
}}</ref> As a result, many Americans have never seen a human foreskin and most are profoundly ignorant of its care, purposes, and functions.


Line 384: Line 325:
  |last=Bollinger
  |last=Bollinger
  |first=Dan
  |first=Dan
  |author-link=
  |author-link=Dan Bollinger
|publisher=
  |website=https://www.academia.edu
  |website=https://www.academia.edu
  |date=2012
  |date=2012
  |accessdate=2019-10-23
  |accessdate=2019-10-23
|format=
  |quote=As they saying goes, follow the money. Now you know why neither the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, American Academy of Family Physicians, or the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists haven’t condemned this unnecessary surgery, and why their physician members are quick to recommend the procedure to expectant parents.
  |quote=As they saying goes, follow the money. Now you know why neither the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, American Academy of Family Physicians, or the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists haven’t condemned this unnecessary surgery, and why their physician members are quick to recommend the procedure to expectant parents.
}}</ref> Non-therapeutic circumcision of boys has become the proverbial ''Goose That Lays Golden Eggs'',<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> Non-therapeutic circumcision of boys has become the proverbial ''Goose That Lays Golden Eggs'',<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=http://www.read.gov/aesop/091.html
  |url=http://www.read.gov/aesop/091.html
|archived=
  |title=The Goose and the Golden Egg
  |title=The Goose and the Golden Egg
|trans-title=
|language=English
  |last=Æsop
  |last=Æsop
  |first=
  |first=
|author-link=
  |publisher=Library of Congress
  |publisher=Library of Congress
  |website=http://www.read.gov
  |website=http://www.read.gov
|date=
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> so there is intense interest in keeping the Goose alive.
}}</ref> so there is intense interest in keeping the Goose alive.


Line 411: Line 343:
  |last=Bailey
  |last=Bailey
  |first=R.C.
  |first=R.C.
|author-link=Robert C. Bailey
  |last2=Moses
  |last2=Moses
  |first2=S.
  |first2=S.
Line 425: Line 358:
  |last=Gray
  |last=Gray
  |first=R.H.
  |first=R.H.
|author-link=Ronald H. Gray
  |last2=Kigozi
  |last2=Kigozi
  |first2=G.
  |first2=G.
Line 437: Line 371:
  |pages=657-666
  |pages=657-666
}}</ref> it was announced in 2007 that the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] (AAP) would take the lead, in association with the [[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]] (ACOG) and the [[American Academy of Family Physicians]] {AAFP}, these being the three trade associations (stakeholders) whose members perform most of the non-therapeutic circumcisions, in developing a new circumcision policy for America.<ref>{{REFjournal
}}</ref> it was announced in 2007 that the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] (AAP) would take the lead, in association with the [[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]] (ACOG) and the [[American Academy of Family Physicians]] {AAFP}, these being the three trade associations (stakeholders) whose members perform most of the non-therapeutic circumcisions, in developing a new circumcision policy for America.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=
|first=
|author-link=
  |title=AAP reviews policy on circumcision
  |title=AAP reviews policy on circumcision
  |journal=Relias Media
  |journal=Relias Media
  |date=2007-06-01
  |date=2007-06-01
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=
  |url=https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/103802-aap-reviews-policy-on-circumcision?v=preview
  |url=https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/103802-aap-reviews-policy-on-circumcision?v=preview
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
  |accessdate=2020-08-02
Line 455: Line 383:
  |title=Commentary on American Academy of Pediatrics 2012 Circumcision Policy Statement
  |title=Commentary on American Academy of Pediatrics 2012 Circumcision Policy Statement
  |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/commentary-on-american-academy-of-pediatrics-2012-circumcision-policy-statement.pdf
  |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/commentary-on-american-academy-of-pediatrics-2012-circumcision-policy-statement.pdf
|contribution=
  |last=Hill
  |last=Hill
  |first=George
  |first=George
Line 467: Line 394:
  |last=Blank
  |last=Blank
  |first=Susan
  |first=Susan
  |author-link=
  |author-link=Susan Blank
  |last2=Brady
  |last2=Brady
  |first2=Michael
  |first2=Michael
Line 479: Line 406:
  |last5=Diekema
  |last5=Diekema
  |first5=Douglas
  |first5=Douglas
  |author5-link=
  |author5-link=Douglas Diekema
  |last6=Freedman
  |last6=Freedman
  |first6=Andrew
  |first6=Andrew
  |author6-link=
  |author6-link=Andrew Freedman
  |last7=Maxwell
  |last7=Maxwell
  |first7=Lynne
  |first7=Lynne
Line 489: Line 416:
  |first8=Steven
  |first8=Steven
  |author8-link=
  |author8-link=
|last9=
|first9=
|author9-link=
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=Circumcision Policy Statement
  |title=Circumcision Policy Statement
  |journal=Pediatrics
  |journal=Pediatrics
|location=
  |date=2012-09-01
  |date=2012-09-01
  |volume=130
  |volume=130
Line 501: Line 424:
  |pages=585-6
  |pages=585-6
  |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/130/3/585
  |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/130/3/585
|archived=
|quote=
  |pubmedID=22926180
  |pubmedID=22926180
  |pubmedCID=
  |pubmedCID=
Line 515: Line 436:
  |title=Male Circumcision
  |title=Male Circumcision
  |journal=Pediatrics
  |journal=Pediatrics
|location=
  |date=2012-09-01
  |date=2012-09-01
  |volume=130
  |volume=130
Line 521: Line 441:
  |pages=e756-85
  |pages=e756-85
  |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/130/3/e756
  |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/130/3/e756
|archived=
|quote=
  |pubmedID=22926175
  |pubmedID=22926175
  |pubmedCID=
  |pubmedCID=
Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Circumcision_study_flaws"