Genital mutilation: Difference between revisions
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|url=http://www.intaktiv.de/themen/sexuelle-selbstbestimmung/phimose-krankheit-oder-lizenz-zum-gelddrucken.html | |url=http://www.intaktiv.de/themen/sexuelle-selbstbestimmung/phimose-krankheit-oder-lizenz-zum-gelddrucken.html | ||
|title=Phimose - Krankheit oder "Lizenz zum Gelddrucken"? | |title=Phimose - Krankheit oder "Lizenz zum Gelddrucken"? | ||
|trans-title=Phimosis - Disease or "License to Print Money"? | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
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The procedure is anything but painless for newborns. Boris Zernikow, head of the German Children's Pain Center in Datteln,<ref>{{REFweb | The procedure is anything but painless for newborns. Boris Zernikow, head of the German Children's Pain Center in Datteln,<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=http://www.uni-wh.de/health/lehrstuhl-kinderschmerztherapie-palliativmedizin/personen/prof-dr-med-boris-zernikow/ | |url=http://www.uni-wh.de/health/lehrstuhl-kinderschmerztherapie-palliativmedizin/personen/prof-dr-med-boris-zernikow/ | ||
|title=Prof. Dr. med. Boris Zernikow, Lehrstuhlinhaber und Chefarzt des | |title=Prof. Dr. med. Boris Zernikow, Lehrstuhlinhaber und Chefarzt des Stiftungslehrstuhls für Kinderschmerztherapie und Pädiatrische Palliativmedizin | ||
}}</ref>, recently said in a SPIEGEL interview: ''"The pain-suppressing system does not work until a few months after the birth. Newborns feel more pain than adults."''<ref>{{REFjournal | }}</ref>, recently said in a SPIEGEL interview: ''"The pain-suppressing system does not work until a few months after the birth. Newborns feel more pain than adults."''<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|url=http://www.spiegel.de/gesundheit/schwangerschaft/usa-kinderaerzte-sprechen-sich-fuer-beschneidung-aus-a-852502.html | |url=http://www.spiegel.de/gesundheit/schwangerschaft/usa-kinderaerzte-sprechen-sich-fuer-beschneidung-aus-a-852502.html | ||
| Line 349: | Line 350: | ||
|accessdate=2021-11-13 | |accessdate=2021-11-13 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
== Extreme types == | == Extreme types == | ||
* | * With the Dowayos [in Cameroon], circumcision is a long drawn-out process. [...] The operation is designed to arouse fear and horror. The boys are stripped down to their skin at a ritual crossroads and taken to the grove by the river, where the circumcision takes place. On the way they are jumped at by the cutters, who growl like hunting leopards and threaten them with a knife. The operation is very painful as the penis is peeled off almost in full length. There may be several different circumcisers, each cutting off a piece of the foreskin. The boy is not allowed to scream, but the old men who told me about the festive event admitted that many did. That doesn't matter, as long as the women believed they had acted bravely. The results of such interventions can be studied at the bathing area. When the operated person is still very young, the limb sometimes takes on an almost spherical shape, which may be partly responsible for the very low [[birth rate]] among the Dowayos. Since all are circumcised with the same knife and the risk of infection is correspondingly high, the [[death]] rate is considerable. Boys who died as a result of the operation were said to have been eaten by leopards. Correspondence from French colonial officers shows how distressed they were at the large number of youths allegedly eaten by the leopard - even though leopards were practically extinct in the area.<ref name="dowayo">{{REFweb | ||
|title=Lebensstadien (Entwicklungsländerstudien), 8.3. Zum Beispiel: Knabenbeschneidung bei den Dowayo in Kamerun | |title=Lebensstadien (Entwicklungsländerstudien), 8.3. Zum Beispiel: Knabenbeschneidung bei den Dowayo in Kamerun | ||
|trans-title=Life stages (developing country studies), 8.3. For example: circumcision of boys among the Dowayo in Cameroon | |||
|language=German | |||
|url=http://www.payer.de/entwicklung/entw16.htm#8.3. | |url=http://www.payer.de/entwicklung/entw16.htm#8.3. | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* | * The removal of the entire skin covering the limb, sometimes up to the navel, is very rare, but has been documented in some villages in Yemen.{{REFmissing}} | ||
* In | * In some African and Micronesian peoples, the older men crush a testicle on the younger one.<ref name="FocusWissen"/> | ||
* | * The Hijra, a sect in India, appears to have radically amputated the penis and testicles. To what extent this is enforced cannot be read from the Wikipedia article: "Although it is very often assumed that Hijra mostly undergo or at least seek ritual castration and penectomy."<ref>{{W|Hijra}} in India</ref> | ||
== Others == | == Others == | ||
An investigation produced the unsurprising result that in none of the cultures concerned do those affected voluntarily undergo this operation. Although always traumatizing for them, there are considerable differences in the implementation of the ritual and thus also in the psychological consequences. For example, it makes a significant difference whether a boy on the small Pacific island of Tikopia, after he has been mentally prepared for it, has his foreskin incised as part of a celebration while his relatives are there and comfort him, or whether a boy in the provinces has one Islamic State is sent to have his hair cut and is held there on a table while a barber cuts off his foreskin, no matter how much he protests.{{REFmissing}} | |||
=== Legal gray area === | === Legal gray area === | ||
In | In the article "Consequences under criminal law even with religious grounds",<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|url=http://www.aerzteblatt.de/pdf/105/34/a1778.pdf | |url=http://www.aerzteblatt.de/pdf/105/34/a1778.pdf | ||
|title=Zirkumzision bei nicht einwilligungsfähigen Jungen. Strafrechtliche Konsequenzen auch bei religiöser Begründung | |title=Zirkumzision bei nicht einwilligungsfähigen Jungen. Strafrechtliche Konsequenzen auch bei religiöser Begründung | ||
|trans-title=Circumcision in boys who are unable to give consent. Criminal law consequences even with religious grounds | |||
|language=German | |||
|first=Maximilian | |first=Maximilian | ||
|last=Stehr | |last=Stehr | ||
|author-link=Maximilian Stehr | |||
|first2=Holm | |first2=Holm | ||
|last2=Putzke | |last2=Putzke | ||
| Line 382: | Line 387: | ||
|date=2008-08-25 | |date=2008-08-25 | ||
|pages=A1778ff | |pages=A1778ff | ||
}} ( | }} (If there is no medical need, the doctor should refuse the procedure.)</ref> the doctors [[Maximilian Stehr]], Hans-Georg Dietz and the lawyer [[Holm Putzke]] advise against religious circumcision without medical necessity. Because the removal of the foreskin represents a "not only insignificant loss of substance, it is therefore a violation of physical integrity", in which the surgeon could be liable to prosecution for [[Mayhem|bodily harm]].<ref>{{REFnews | ||
|url=http://www.taz.de/1/leben/alltag/artikel/1/grauzone-vorhaut/ | |url=http://www.taz.de/1/leben/alltag/artikel/1/grauzone-vorhaut/ | ||
|title=Streit wegen Beschneidung: Grauzone Vorhaut | |title=Streit wegen Beschneidung: Grauzone Vorhaut | ||
|trans-title=Controversy over circumcision: gray area foreskin | |||
|language=German | |||
|publisher=TAZ | |||
|date=2008-10-31 | |||
}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb | |||
|url=http://www.info-und-design.de/pdf/2008-03-holm-putzke-fs-beschneidung.pdf | |url=http://www.info-und-design.de/pdf/2008-03-holm-putzke-fs-beschneidung.pdf | ||
|title=Die strafrechtliche Relevanz der Beschneidung von Knaben. Zugleich ein Beitrag über die Grenzen der Einwilligung in Fällen der Personensorge | |title=Die strafrechtliche Relevanz der Beschneidung von Knaben. Zugleich ein Beitrag über die Grenzen der Einwilligung in Fällen der Personensorge | ||
|trans-title=The criminal relevance of the circumcision of boys. Concurrently, a contribution about the limits of consent in cases of personal care | |||
|first=Holm | |first=Holm | ||
|last=Putzke | |last=Putzke | ||
|author-link=Holm Putzke | |author-link=Holm Putzke | ||
|pages=4 | |pages=4 | ||
|format=PDF | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
In | In Cologne, circumcision was made a criminal offense, but it is not seen as clearly as it seems to some in Germany in other western countries. In the USA, for example, it is almost routine. The health organizations in different countries assess the procedure differently. | ||
Modern medicine knows the advantages and risks that can arise from the circumcision of male genitals. [[Science]] does not yet give a unanimous answer to this question. However, [[Islam]] and [[Judaism]] do not care at all about the state of research. They are concerned with the observance of iron commandments and customs.<ref>{{REFnews | |||
|first=Doron | |first=Doron | ||
|last=Rabinovici | |last=Rabinovici | ||
|url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/kritik-an-ritueller-beschneidung-im-hintergrund-schwelen-kastrationsaengste-1.1408075 | |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/kritik-an-ritueller-beschneidung-im-hintergrund-schwelen-kastrationsaengste-1.1408075 | ||
|title=Kritik an ritueller Beschneidung. Im Hintergrund schwelen Kastrationsängste | |title=Kritik an ritueller Beschneidung. Im Hintergrund schwelen Kastrationsängste | ||
|trans-title=Criticism of ritual circumcision. Fears of castration smolder in the background | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=Süddeutsche Zeitung | |website=Süddeutsche Zeitung | ||
|date=2012-07-11 | |date=2012-07-11 | ||
| Line 405: | Line 419: | ||
==== History of circumcision ==== | ==== History of circumcision ==== | ||
If the scientific argument is omitted, it becomes clear that the question of the permissibility of circumcision is only about a decision about social [[values]], legally speaking about "legal interests". In fact, it is also about whether Jews in Germany are allowed to live their Judaism as they understand it and not as others think. Elizabeth Wyner Mark, editor of a volume published in 2003 entitled "The Covenant of Circumcision" writes with a view to the fact that most secular, by no means religious Jews have their boys circumcised, that circumcision is an expression of the Jewish will to survive after the Shoah and thus for has become a moral obligation for many parents. | |||
In any case, circumcision has been a sign of Jewish self-assertion for millennia. The categorically experienced instruction of Jews to circumcise their sons on the eighth day can be historically proven for two and a half thousand years. However, since ancient times there have been repeated attempts to prevent circumcision. The Hellenistic culture, with its worship of the beautiful body, led many Jewish men to lengthen their foreskin again in order not to be ridiculed when doing sports in the nude. The Hellenistic King Antiochus IV even tried - despite all alleged pagan tolerance - to forcibly prohibit the circumcision of Jewish boys in the second century BC. This measure contributed significantly to the development of Jewish martyrdom.<ref>{{REFnews | |||
|first=Micha | |first=Micha | ||
|last=Brumlik | |last=Brumlik | ||
|url=http://www.fr-online.de/kultur/beschneidung--judentum-und-islam-hier-nicht-erwuenscht-,1472786,16529678.html | |url=http://www.fr-online.de/kultur/beschneidung--judentum-und-islam-hier-nicht-erwuenscht-,1472786,16529678.html | ||
|title=Beschneidung: "Judentum und Islam hier nicht erwünscht" | |title=Beschneidung: "Judentum und Islam hier nicht erwünscht" | ||
|trans-title=Circumcision: "Judaism and Islam not wanted here" | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=Frankfurter Rundschau | |website=Frankfurter Rundschau | ||
|date=2012-07-02 | |date=2012-07-02 | ||
| Line 417: | Line 433: | ||
=== Female circumcision === | === Female circumcision === | ||
Female circumcision is usually performed by women. This aspect, that women are not only [[victims]] but at the same time also [[perpetrators]], is mostly ignored in the reporting. It is also the circumcisers themselves who defend themselves against a ban and are also prepared to use violence.<ref>{{REFnews | |||
|url=http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gesellschaft/0,1518,607291,00.html | |url=http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gesellschaft/0,1518,607291,00.html | ||
|title=Genitalverstümmelung: Rache der Beschneiderinnen | |title=Genitalverstümmelung: Rache der Beschneiderinnen | ||
|trans-title=Genital mutilation: revenge of the female circumcisers | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=Spiegel | |website=Spiegel | ||
|date=2009-02-15 | |date=2009-02-15 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
There is no support for female circumcision in Islamic theology, but it has been passively tolerated in countries where it has been practiced for millennia. Recently there has been an active outlawing of the {{W|female genital cutting}} by Islamic scholars. | |||
In November 2006, [[TARGET]] organized and funded a conference at Al-Azhar University in Cairo. As a result of this conference, leading Islamic legal scholars condemned the practice of female genital mutilation. | |||
In March 2009, the Islamic legal scholar and publicist Yusuf Abdallah al-Qaradawi, who is considered the most important contemporary authority in Sunni [[Islam]], issued a fatwa condemning the genital mutilation of women as "the work of the devil" and declaring it haram under all circumstances (prohibited) because it is directed against the ethics of Islam.<ref>{{REFnews | |||
|url=http://www.nzz.ch/2006/11/24/vm/articleEOTFW.html | |url=http://www.nzz.ch/2006/11/24/vm/articleEOTFW.html | ||
|title=Wird die Genitalverstümmelung je aufhören? In Kairo beschliessen islamische Gelehrte ein Verbot | |title=Wird die Genitalverstümmelung je aufhören? In Kairo beschliessen islamische Gelehrte ein Verbot | ||
|trans-title=Will Genital Mutilation Ever End? In Cairo, Islamic scholars decide on a ban | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=NZZ | |website=NZZ | ||
|date=2006-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{REFnews | |date=2006-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{REFnews | ||
|url=http://www.target-human-rights.com/pdf/weitereInfos/In_schoenstem_Ebenmass.pdf | |url=http://www.target-human-rights.com/pdf/weitereInfos/In_schoenstem_Ebenmass.pdf | ||
|title="In schönstem Ebenmaß" | |title="In schönstem Ebenmaß" | ||
|trans-title="In the most beautiful proportions" | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=Spiegel | |website=Spiegel | ||
|date=2006-12-04 | |date=2006-12-04 | ||
| Line 438: | Line 462: | ||
=== International Day "Zero Tolerance Against Genital Mutilation" === | === International Day "Zero Tolerance Against Genital Mutilation" === | ||
This takes place every year on February 6th. The day is mainly used by feminist organizations to agitate against female genital mutilation. | |||
=== In fiction literature === | === In fiction literature === | ||
* In [[Elfriede Jelinek]]s | * In [[Elfriede Jelinek]] s autobiographically influenced novel "The Piano Player", a sadomasochistic, mentally disturbed woman mutilates her own genitals. | ||
* | * The same thing happens in Lars von Trier's depressing film "Antichrist". | ||
=== In the media === | === In the media === | ||
The German BILD newspaper has an independent PR manager say about genital mutilation in boys: | |||
: ''" | : ''"The ritual is part of growing up like nail painting for girls."''<ref>{{REFnews | ||
|url=http://www.bild.de/news/inland/beschneidung/mein-sohn-freut-sich-auf-seine-beschneidung-25078404.bild.html | |url=http://www.bild.de/news/inland/beschneidung/mein-sohn-freut-sich-auf-seine-beschneidung-25078404.bild.html | ||
|title=Mein Sohn freut sich auf seine Beschneidung. Weil ein deutsches Gericht das Ritual verbietet, reist diese Mutter mit ihrem Jungen in die Türkei | |title=Mein Sohn freut sich auf seine Beschneidung. Weil ein deutsches Gericht das Ritual verbietet, reist diese Mutter mit ihrem Jungen in die Türkei | ||
|trans-title=My son is looking forward to his circumcision. Because a German court forbids the ritual, this mother travels to Turkey with her boy | |||
|website=BILD | |website=BILD | ||
|date=2012-07-10 | |date=2012-07-10 | ||
}}</ref | }}</ref> | ||
=== In politics === | === In politics === | ||
Federal Minister of Justice [[Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger]] ([[FDP]]), out of concern for the girls, has examined how the circumcision of boys can be made legally secure. According to the Ministry, the judgment represents a break with the prevailing legal opinion. The formulation of a law is associated with considerable technical difficulties. In particular, it should be ruled out that girls can also be circumcised for religious or cultural reasons.<ref>{{REFweb | |||
|url=http://www.nordbayern.de/ressorts/schlagzeilenseite/beschneidung-bereitet-der-csu-bauchschmerzen-1.2207446 | |url=http://www.nordbayern.de/ressorts/schlagzeilenseite/beschneidung-bereitet-der-csu-bauchschmerzen-1.2207446 | ||
|title=Beschneidung bereitet der CSU Bauchschmerzen | |title=Beschneidung bereitet der CSU Bauchschmerzen | ||
|trans-title=Circumcision gives the CSU a stomachache | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=Nordbayern.de | |website=Nordbayern.de | ||
|date=2012-07-15 | |date=2012-07-15 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
[[Volker Beck]] | [[Volker Beck]] defends genital mutilation of men with [[Renate Künast]] ([[GREENS]]) openly ("This is not a criminal offense").<ref>{{REFnews | ||
|url=http://www.fr-online.de/kultur/beschneidungs-debatte-das-ist-keine-straftat,1472786,16572948.html | |url=http://www.fr-online.de/kultur/beschneidungs-debatte-das-ist-keine-straftat,1472786,16572948.html | ||
|title=Beschneidungs-Debatte: Das ist keine Straftat | |title=Beschneidungs-Debatte: Das ist keine Straftat | ||
|trans-title=Circumcision Debate: This is not a criminal offense | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=Frankfurter Rundschau | |website=Frankfurter Rundschau | ||
|date=2012-07-09 | |date=2012-07-09 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
In the Bundestag, members of the government were prevented from voting by asking the circumcision critics to leave the plenary session.<ref>{{REFweb | |||
|website=FemokratieBlog | |website=FemokratieBlog | ||
|url=http://www.femokratie.com/beschneidungsgegner-in-der-regierung-mussten-plenum-verlassen/07-2012/ | |url=http://www.femokratie.com/beschneidungsgegner-in-der-regierung-mussten-plenum-verlassen/07-2012/ | ||
|title=Beschneidungsgegner in der Regierung mussten Plenum verlassen | |title=Beschneidungsgegner in der Regierung mussten Plenum verlassen | ||
|trans-title=Anti-circumcision opponents in the government had to leave the plenary session | |||
|language=German | |||
|date=2012-07-21 | |date=2012-07-21 | ||
}}</ref><ref> | }}</ref><ref>{{REFnews | ||
|url=http://www.tagesschau24.de/multimedia/politikimradio/audio92378.html | |||
|title=Marlene Rupprecht und ihr Kampf gegen die Beschneidung | |||
|trans-title=Marlene Rupprecht and her fight against circumcision | |||
|language=German | |||
|publisher=Politik im Radio (WDR), 12:50 Uhr | |||
|date=2012-06-20 | |||
}} ([http://media.tagesschau.de/audio/2012/0720/AU-20120720-1342-5401.mp3 MP3])</ref> | |||
Child protection activists and detectives protest against the resolution of the Bundestag to [[Impunity|impunitify]] circumcision of boys. In a petition they demand the suspension of a legal regulation for two years and the establishment of a round table. The petition says: | |||
: ''" | : ''"The German Bundestag should decide not to take legal steps to legitimize the circumcision of boys in Germany for two years."'' | ||
The aim is to objectify the debate about circumcision and to induce politics to allow the interests of children to be weighed up at all. It cannot be the basis of legislative action to regard circumcision exclusively as a religious ritual and thus only as a question of religious life in Germany.<ref>{{REFnews | |||
|url=http://www.welt.de/newsticker/news3/article108343689/Gegner-der-Beschneidung-von-Jungen-reichen-Petition-ein.html | |url=http://www.welt.de/newsticker/news3/article108343689/Gegner-der-Beschneidung-von-Jungen-reichen-Petition-ein.html | ||
|title=Gegner der Beschneidung von Jungen reichen Petition ein | |title=Gegner der Beschneidung von Jungen reichen Petition ein | ||
|trans-title=Opponents of male circumcision start petition | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=WELT Online | |website=WELT Online | ||
|date=2012-07-20 | |date=2012-07-20 | ||
| Line 485: | Line 526: | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
|Text= | |Text=The "mass protest" or the "storm of indignation" against the Cologne judgment is an invention of the circumcision advocates, a comparatively small minority, a handful of functionaries of the respective religious communities. The Central Council of Jews or the Muslims in Germany are not the Jews or the Muslims in Germany. | ||
|Author=Eugen Maus | |Author=Eugen Maus | ||
|Source=MANNdat-Forum | |Source=MANNdat-Forum | ||
| Line 492: | Line 533: | ||
=== In the medicine === | === In the medicine === | ||
In | In a press release from their professional association ([[BVKJ]]), paediatricians demand: | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
|Text= | |Text=Only a child's right to physical integrity counts. | ||
|ref=<ref>{{REFweb | |ref=<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=http://kinderdoc.wordpress.com/2012/07/18/berufsverband-kinder-und-jugendarzte-zum-gerichtsurteil-rituelle-beschneidungen/ | |url=http://kinderdoc.wordpress.com/2012/07/18/berufsverband-kinder-und-jugendarzte-zum-gerichtsurteil-rituelle-beschneidungen/ | ||
|title=Berufsverband Kinder- und Jugendärzte zum Gerichtsurteil rituelle Beschneidungen | |title=Berufsverband Kinder- und Jugendärzte zum Gerichtsurteil rituelle Beschneidungen | ||
|trans-title=Professional association of paediatricians on the court ruling on ritual circumcision | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=Kinderdoc | |website=Kinderdoc | ||
|date=2012-07-18 | |date=2012-07-18 | ||
| Line 503: | Line 546: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
|Text= | |Text=Like girls, boys have a right to physical integrity. And the [[lawmaker]] must protect this [[right]] and also guarantee boys the basic right to physical integrity. | ||
|ref=<ref>{{REFweb | |ref=<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=http://www.kinderaerzte-im-netz.de/bvkj/aktuelles1/show.php3?id=4598&nodeid=26 | |url=http://www.kinderaerzte-im-netz.de/bvkj/aktuelles1/show.php3?id=4598&nodeid=26 | ||
|title=Kinder- und Jugendärzte: Gesetzgeber behandelt Mädchen und Jungen ungleich | |title=Kinder- und Jugendärzte: Gesetzgeber behandelt Mädchen und Jungen ungleich | ||
|website= | |trans-title=Pediatricians: Legislators treat girls and boys unequally | ||
|website=[[BVKJ]] | |||
|date=2013-07-11 | |date=2013-07-11 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
Kinderdoc, | Kinderdoc, who runs a widely read blog on pediatric topics, says: | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
|Text= | |Text=From a legal point of view, circumcision is, from a legal point of view, bodily harm, just like any other intervention into the integrity of the body, as long as the patient cannot consent to the intervention. <br> If Muslim or Jewish parents are involved with the Request for transfer to a circumcision for religious reasons, I refuse. For me, the medical aspect is all that counts. And only then does the health system have to pay. Whether the parents then have the operation carried out anyway and whether they and the surgeon are then punishable - must be decided on a different, philosophical-religious and ethical level. See you again in Karlsruhe. | ||
|ref=<ref>{{REFweb | |ref=<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=http://kinderdoc.wordpress.com/2012/06/27/schnippel/ | |url=http://kinderdoc.wordpress.com/2012/06/27/schnippel/ | ||
|title=Schnippel | |title=Schnippel | ||
|trans-title=Snippet | |||
|website=Kinderdoc | |website=Kinderdoc | ||
|date=2012-06-27 | |date=2012-06-27 | ||
| Line 524: | Line 569: | ||
=== In business / science === | === In business / science === | ||
Baby foreskin is a sought-after "raw material" for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The tissue is extremely reproductive and almost certainly free from pathogens. Injectable collagen, obtained from the foreskins of newborn boys, can reduce the formation of wrinkles in aging skin, can be used for spraying on the lips and for the cosmetic treatment of scars. | |||
An artificial skin product is sold worldwide under the name "Apligraf", which is also obtained from a baby's foreskin and supports the natural healing process of large wounds. | |||
In order to get the coveted raw material by circumcision, American boys are handcuffed with spread arms and legs on a so-called "circumstraint" immediately after birth and often without anesthesia. The doctor then slides a medical instrument under her glued foreskin and peeled it off the glans. The babies cannot move during this ordeal. They scream in despair, some get convulsions. The foreskin is then cut lengthways and removed either with a scalpel or with a special clamp. | |||
: | : The price of vanity: terrible pain! | ||
" | The pharmaceutical industry calls this "foreskin harvest" and claims in all seriousness that the raw material comes from "donated" foreskins of newborn boys.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|url=http://www.intaktiv-online.de/jungen-als-opfer/jungen-als-opfer/dollars-und-antifaltencreme-aus-babyvorhaut.html | |url=http://www.intaktiv-online.de/jungen-als-opfer/jungen-als-opfer/dollars-und-antifaltencreme-aus-babyvorhaut.html | ||
|title=Dollars und Antifaltencreme aus Babyvorhaut | |title=Dollars und Antifaltencreme aus Babyvorhaut | ||
|trans-title=Dollars and baby foreskin anti-wrinkle cream | |||
|language=German | |||
}}</ref><!-- {{Wgvdl-Forum|id=241899|title=Vorhauternte, es geht wie immer um viel Geld|date=16. Juli 2012|time=11:23|forum=2}}</ref>--> | }}</ref><!-- {{Wgvdl-Forum|id=241899|title=Vorhauternte, es geht wie immer um viel Geld|date=16. Juli 2012|time=11:23|forum=2}}</ref>--> | ||
== Feminism and boys circumcision == | == Feminism and boys circumcision == | ||
Feminists declared female circumcision to be sexual violence in 1985. In the case of boys, the Bundestag has now defined as legally "permissible" what is considered to be a criminal offense for girls. The outcry from gender researchers and feminists has not materialized.<ref>{{REFnews | |||
|first=Volker | |first=Volker | ||
|last=Zastrow | |last=Zastrow | ||
|url=http://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/beschneidungsdebatte-noetiger-schmerz-11827980.html | |url=http://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/beschneidungsdebatte-noetiger-schmerz-11827980.html | ||
|title=Beschneidungsdebatte: Nötiger Schmerz | |title=Beschneidungsdebatte: Nötiger Schmerz | ||
|trans-title=Circumcision Debate: Necessary Pain | |||
|language=German | |||
|website=FAZ | |website=FAZ | ||
|date=2012-07-21 | |date=2012-07-21 | ||
}}</ref> [[Alice Schwarzer]] | }}</ref> Rather, [[Alice Schwarzer]] campaigns for male circumcision.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|first=Alice | |first=Alice | ||
|last=Schwarzer | |last=Schwarzer | ||
|url=https://www.beschneidungsforum.de/attachment/1108-soll-die-beschneidung-verboten-werden-pdf/ | |url=https://www.beschneidungsforum.de/attachment/1108-soll-die-beschneidung-verboten-werden-pdf/ | ||
|title=Soll die Beschneidung verboten werden? | |title=Soll die Beschneidung verboten werden? | ||
|trans-title=Should circumcision be banned? | |||
|language=German | |||
|date=2021-07-02}}</ref> | |date=2021-07-02}}</ref> | ||
| Line 555: | Line 606: | ||
=== Literature === | === Literature === | ||
[[File:Ent-huellt Bergner n.jpg|thumb|[[Ent-hüllt!]] Die Beschneidung von Jungen - nur ein kleiner Schnitt? (2015)]] | [[File:Ent-huellt Bergner n.jpg|thumb|[[Ent-hüllt!]] Die Beschneidung von Jungen - nur ein kleiner Schnitt? (2015)]] | ||
* Dr. [[Jörg Scheinfeld]]: [http://www.hrr-strafrecht.de/hrr/archiv/13-08/?sz=8 Erläuterungen zum neuen § 1631d BGB - Beschneidung des männlichen Kindes], Online | * Dr. [[Jörg Scheinfeld]]: [http://www.hrr-strafrecht.de/hrr/archiv/13-08/?sz=8 Erläuterungen zum neuen § 1631d BGB - Beschneidung des männlichen Kindes], Online Archive of the HRR Criminal Law ([[§ 1631d BGB]]) | ||
* {{REFbook | * {{REFbook | ||
|last=Bergner | |last=Bergner | ||
| Line 579: | Line 630: | ||
|pages=5 | |pages=5 | ||
|format=PDF | |format=PDF | ||
}} ( | }} (Notes on a taboo subject) | ||
* {{REFdocument | * {{REFdocument | ||
|url=http://www.manndat.de/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/FAQ-Beschneidung-Endfassung-3.pdf | |url=http://www.manndat.de/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/FAQ-Beschneidung-Endfassung-3.pdf | ||
| Line 586: | Line 637: | ||
|pages=13 | |pages=13 | ||
|format=PDF | |format=PDF | ||
}} ( | }} (Notes on a taboo subject) | ||
* {{REFdocument | * {{REFdocument | ||
|url=https://at.wikimannia.org/Datei:Vaeteraufbruch_fuer_Kinder_Schwaben_-_Genitale_Verstuemmelung_bei_Jungen_und_Maennern.pdf | |url=https://at.wikimannia.org/Datei:Vaeteraufbruch_fuer_Kinder_Schwaben_-_Genitale_Verstuemmelung_bei_Jungen_und_Maennern.pdf | ||
| Line 599: | Line 650: | ||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[ | * [[Female circumciser]] | ||
* [[Doctors opposing circumcision]] | * [[Doctors opposing circumcision]] | ||
* [[Sexuality]] | * [[Sexuality]] | ||
* [[Violence]] | * [[Violence]] | ||
* [[Genital mutilation (table)]] | * [[Genital mutilation (table)]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Self-determination]] | ||
* [[Symposium Genital Autonomy]] | * [[Genital Autonomy and Children’s Rights|Symposium Genital Autonomy]] | ||
* [[International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation]] | * [[International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation]] | ||
* [[Worldwide Day of Genital Autonomy]] | * [[Worldwide Day of Genital Autonomy]] | ||