China: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Flag_of_China.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of the People's Republic of China]]

~~{{Construction Site}}~~

'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a very large advanced, prosperous nation in East Asia. The population is about 1.4 billion, which makes it second only to India in population. In land area, it is the third largest nation on Earth.

'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a very large advanced nation in East Asia. The population is about 1.4 billion which makes it second only to India in population. In land area, it is the third largest nation on Earth.

The three main religions are Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.<ref name="RIC">{{URLwikipedia|Religion_in_China|Religion in China}}</ref> None of these religions have a tradition or a requirement for [[circumcision]] of boys, so China does not have a tradition of circumcision except for a small minority of Muslims who live in the northwest corner of China (Xinjiang) who adhere to the teachings of [[Islam]]. The adherents to Islam constitute only 0.45% to 1.8% of the population.<ref name="RIC" />

There is no tradition of circumcision in China. Early infant male circumcision (EIMC) is very rare. Pan et al. (2012) reported that [[adult circumcision| circumcisions are done later]] when needed to treat tight [[foreskin]], so the prevalence of circumcision is only 2.66 percent.<ref>{{REFjournal

There is no tradition of [[circumcision]] in China. Early infant male circumcision (EIMC) is very rare. Pan et al. (2012) reported that [[adult circumcision| circumcisions are done later]] when needed to treat tight [[foreskin]], so the prevalence of [[circumcision]] is only 2.66 percent.<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=Pan

|first=

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}}</ref>

==Use of HIV to promote circumcision in China==

Circumcision has been falsely claimed to prevent infection with HIV by three African randomized controlled trials (RCTs). [[Gregory J. Boyle|Boyle]] & [[George Hill|Hill]] (2011) studied their reports and found disabling methodological and statistical errors that invalidated their purported findings.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> Regardless of these findings, Chinese medical doctors seem to be pushing for adoption of circumcision to prevent [[HIV]] infection. Numerous papers in the Chinese medical literature advocate circumcision to prevent HIV infection among both heterosexuals and homosexuals.

Circumcision has been falsely claimed to prevent [[infection]] with [[HIV]] by three African randomized controlled trials (RCTs). [[Gregory J. Boyle|Boyle]] & [[George Hill|Hill]] (2011) studied their reports and found disabling methodological and statistical errors that invalidated their purported findings.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> Regardless of these findings, Chinese medical doctors seem to be pushing for adoption of circumcision to prevent [[HIV]] infection. Numerous papers in the Chinese medical literature advocate circumcision to prevent HIV infection among both heterosexuals and homosexuals.

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[[Category:Male circumcision]]

[[Category:Statistics]]

[[Category:China]]

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 [[File:Flag_of_China.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of the People's Republic of China]]
-{{Construction Site}}
+'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a very large advanced, prosperous nation in East Asia. The population is about 1.4 billion, which makes it second only to India in population. In land area, it is the third largest nation on Earth.
-'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a very large advanced nation in East Asia. The population is about 1.4 billion which makes it second only to India in population. In land area, it is the third largest nation on Earth.
 The three main religions are Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.<ref name="RIC">{{URLwikipedia|Religion_in_China|Religion in China}}</ref> None of these religions have a tradition or a requirement for [[circumcision]] of boys, so China does not have a tradition of circumcision except for a small minority of Muslims who live in the northwest corner of China (Xinjiang) who adhere to the teachings of [[Islam]]. The adherents to Islam constitute only 0.45% to 1.8%  of the population.<ref name="RIC" />
-There is no tradition of circumcision in China. Early infant male circumcision (EIMC) is very rare. Pan et al. (2012) reported that [[adult circumcision| circumcisions are done later]] when needed to treat tight [[foreskin]], so the prevalence of circumcision is only 2.66 percent.<ref>{{REFjournal
+There is no tradition of [[circumcision]] in China. Early infant male circumcision (EIMC) is very rare. Pan et al. (2012) reported that [[adult circumcision| circumcisions are done later]] when needed to treat tight [[foreskin]], so the prevalence of [[circumcision]] is only 2.66 percent.<ref>{{REFjournal
   |last=Pan
   |first=
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 }}</ref>
 ==Use of HIV to promote circumcision in China==
-Circumcision has been falsely claimed to prevent infection with HIV by three African randomized controlled trials (RCTs). [[Gregory J. Boyle|Boyle]] & [[George Hill|Hill]] (2011) studied their reports and found disabling methodological and statistical errors that invalidated their purported findings.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> Regardless of these findings, Chinese medical doctors seem to be pushing for adoption of circumcision to prevent [[HIV]] infection. Numerous papers in the Chinese medical literature advocate circumcision to prevent HIV infection among both heterosexuals and homosexuals.
+Circumcision has been falsely claimed to prevent [[infection]] with [[HIV]] by three African randomized controlled trials (RCTs). [[Gregory J. Boyle|Boyle]] & [[George Hill|Hill]] (2011) studied their reports and found disabling methodological and statistical errors that invalidated their purported findings.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> Regardless of these findings, Chinese medical doctors seem to be pushing for adoption of circumcision to prevent [[HIV]] infection. Numerous papers in the Chinese medical literature advocate circumcision to prevent HIV infection among both heterosexuals and homosexuals.
 {{Population-based studies}}
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 [[Category:Male circumcision]]
 [[Category:Statistics]]
 [[Category:China]]