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  |date=
  |date=
  |accessdate=2026-03-19
  |accessdate=2026-03-19
}}</ref>
}}</ref> The tenets were last reaffirmed by resolution of the Ad Hoc Committee on 22 July 2023.
==Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine==
==Tenets of Osteopathic Medicine==
===1. The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind and spirit.===
===1. The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind and spirit.===
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===3. Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.===
===3. Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.===
The human [[penis]] and its [[foreskin]] are excellent examples of the truth of this tenet.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>
The human [[penis]] and its [[foreskin]] are excellent examples of the truth of this tenet. The penis and foreskin consist of specialized tissues ideally suited for its functions.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>


===4. Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation and the interrelationship of structure and function.===
===4. Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation and the interrelationship of structure and function.===
When these basic principles are applied, it will quickly be seen that harmful medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys is contraindicated.
When these basic principles are applied, it will quickly be seen that harmful medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys is contraindicated.<ref name="tye2022"> {{REFjournal
|last=Tye
|first=
|init=MC
|author-link=
|last2=Sardi
|first2=
|init2=LM
|author2-link=Lauren Sardi
|etal=no
|title=Psychological, psychosocial, and psychosexual aspects of penile circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Int J Impot Res
|date=2023-05
|volume=35
|issue=3
|pages=242-8
|url=https://www.galdef.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Tye-Sardi-Psycho-Aspects-of-Penile-Circumcision-IJIR-2022.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=35347302
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1038/s41443-022-00553-9
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2026-03-19
}}</ref> Boys are unable to grant consent due their immaturity and parental surrogates are limited to the granting of consent for diagnosis and treatment of disease. There is no person who is empowered to grant consent for non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]]. Myers & Earp (2020) concluded that the best age to circumcise was after the patient reached the age at which he could grant consent for his own circumcision.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal
|last=Myers
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=Alex Myers
|last2=Earp
|first2=
|init2=BD
|author2-link=Brian D. Earp
|etal=no
|title=What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal= Bioethics
|location=
|date=2020
|volume=34
|issue=7
|pages=645-63
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian-Earp-2/publication/337720859_What_Is_the_Best_Age_to_Circumcise_A_Medical_and_Ethical_Analysis/links/5f815f61a6fdccfd7b555395/What-Is-the-Best-Age-to-Circumcise-A-Medical-and-Ethical-Analysis.pdf
|quote=Based on a careful consideration of the relevant evidence, arguments and counterarguments, we conclude that medically unnecessary penile circumcision-like other medically unnecessary genital procedures, such as 'cosmetic' labiaplasty-should not be performed on individuals who are too young (or otherwise unable) to provide meaningful consent to the procedure.
|pubmedID=32068898
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=10.1111/bioe.12714
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2020-05-27
}}</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Psychiatrist Discusses the Lasting Trauma of Circumcision]]
* [[Psychiatrist Discusses the Lasting Trauma of Circumcision]]
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