Urinary tract infection: Difference between revisions

Line 455:

|issue=1

|pages=123-132

}}</ref> so the majority of its young male client population would have necessarily remained [[intact]]. The observation that 95% of the boys were not circumcised, therefore, indicated nothing more than that the majority of male infant patients at Parkland Hospital were not circumcised.

}}</ref> so the majority of its young male client population would have necessarily remained [[intact]]. The observation that 95% of the boys were not [[circumcised]], therefore, indicated nothing more than that the majority of male infant patients at Parkland Hospital were not circumcised.

Wiswell's retrospective reviews of old hospital records failed to take a few factors into account:

Line 491:

}}</ref> There is a significant false-positive rate in diagnosing UTI when [[urine]] cultures alone are used.<ref name="Mueller 1997"/><ref name="Saez-Llorens 1989"/> This criticism was addressed to some extent in Wiswell's second review.<ref name="Wiswell 1986"/>

* The hospital chart data used in the retrospective studies are unreliable. Hospitals frequently omit to record a circumcision on a baby's chart. In Atlanta, O'Brien found that circumcision was recorded only 84.3% of the time for circumcised boys.<ref>{{REFjournal

* The hospital chart data used in the retrospective studies are unreliable. Hospitals frequently omit to record a [[circumcision]] on a baby's chart. In Atlanta, O'Brien found that circumcision was recorded only 84.3% of the time for circumcised boys.<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=O'Brien

|init=TR

Line 503:

|issue=88

|pages=411-415

}}</ref> If the records used in the retrospective bacteriuria studies are similarly inaccurate, then a statistically significant number of the infants with bacteriuria that were claimed to be intact were, in fact, circumcised. This would naturally overstate the rate of infection in intact boys.<ref>{{REFjournal

}}</ref> If the records used in the retrospective bacteriuria studies are similarly inaccurate, then a statistically significant number of the infants with bacteriuria that were claimed to be [[intact]] were, in fact, [[circumcised]]. This would naturally overstate the rate of infection in intact boys.<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=Van Howe

|init=RS

@@ Line 455: / Line 455: @@
   |issue=1
   |pages=123-132
-}}</ref> so the majority of its young male client population would have necessarily remained [[intact]]. The observation that 95% of the boys were not circumcised, therefore, indicated nothing more than that the majority of male infant patients at Parkland Hospital were not circumcised.
+}}</ref> so the majority of its young male client population would have necessarily remained [[intact]]. The observation that 95% of the boys were not [[circumcised]], therefore, indicated nothing more than that the majority of male infant patients at Parkland Hospital were not circumcised.
 Wiswell's retrospective reviews of old hospital records failed to take a few factors into account:
@@ Line 491: / Line 491: @@
 }}</ref> There is a significant false-positive rate in diagnosing UTI when [[urine]] cultures alone are used.<ref name="Mueller 1997"/><ref name="Saez-Llorens 1989"/> This criticism was addressed to some extent in Wiswell's second review.<ref name="Wiswell 1986"/>
-* The hospital chart data used in the retrospective studies are unreliable. Hospitals frequently omit to record a circumcision on a baby's chart. In Atlanta, O'Brien found that circumcision was recorded only 84.3% of the time for circumcised boys.<ref>{{REFjournal
+* The hospital chart data used in the retrospective studies are unreliable. Hospitals frequently omit to record a [[circumcision]] on a baby's chart. In Atlanta, O'Brien found that circumcision was recorded only 84.3% of the time for circumcised boys.<ref>{{REFjournal
   |last=O'Brien
   |init=TR
@@ Line 503: / Line 503: @@
   |issue=88
   |pages=411-415
-}}</ref> If the records used in the retrospective bacteriuria studies are similarly inaccurate, then a statistically significant number of the infants with bacteriuria that were claimed to be intact were, in fact, circumcised. This would naturally overstate the rate of infection in intact boys.<ref>{{REFjournal
+}}</ref> If the records used in the retrospective bacteriuria studies are similarly inaccurate, then a statistically significant number of the infants with bacteriuria that were claimed to be [[intact]] were, in fact, [[circumcised]]. This would naturally overstate the rate of infection in intact boys.<ref>{{REFjournal
   |last=Van Howe
   |init=RS