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| align="right" | [[Image:Stephen_Moses.jpg|175px]]|alt-| align=Example alt text"center" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]|-

'''Stephen Moses''', Professor, Depatrments Departments of Medical Microbiology, Community Health Sciences and Medicine. Stephen Moses has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1994.<refname="Moses1994">{{REFjournal |last=Moses |init=S., |author-link=Stephen Moses |last2=Plummer |init2=FA, |last3=Bradley, |init3=JE, |last4=Ndinya-Achola, |init4=JO, |last5=Nagelkerke |init5=NJ, and |last6=Ronald |init6=AR. |title=The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data. |journal=Sex Transm Dis |date=1994; |volume=21: |pages=201-10. 2101.}}</ref> Moses (along with [[Robert C. Bailey]]) was responsible for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research)<ref>{{REFjournal

|firstinit=J.N.JN

|first2init2=R.C.RC

|first3init3=J.

}}</ref> which are being used by the [[World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an [[HIV ]] prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb

According to Stephen's bio, his interest is in biological and behavioural risk factors for STI/[[HIV ]] transmission.<ref name='moses-bio'>{{REFweb |last=Dr. Moses

|publisher = University of Manitoba}}</ref> Moses has been an advocate of circumcision since at least 1994.<ref>Moses S., Plummer FA, Bradley, JE, Ndinya-Achola, JO, Nagelkerke NJ, and Ronald AR. The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data. Sex Transm Dis 1994;21:201-10.<name="Moses1994"/ref>

Of the three {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as HIV prevention, Stephen Moses and [[Robert C. Bailey]] headed the {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}} that was carried out in Kenya.<ref>Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369:643-56. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(07)60312-2/abstract Abstract]</ref> All three Three trials were funded by the American [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb

|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]] |date=20082016 |title=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection/AIDS |url=httphttps://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/infofor-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/ |accessdate=2020-03-23}}</ref>Of the three {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention, Stephen Moses and [[Robert C. Bailey]] headed the {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}} that was carried out in Kenya.<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</HIVStatementref> Moses obviously brought his pre-existing bias in favor of male circumcision into the trial, so he did not start from a neutral position. Moses' research on circumcision protection from [[HIV]] infection is now completely discredited. Boyle & Hill (2011) reviewed the three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and found disabling methodological and statistical errors in all three. Although a 60 percent ''relative'' reduction in [[HIV]] was claimed, the ''absolute'' reduction was a statistically insignificant 1.3 percent.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> [[Michel Garenne|Garenne]] & Matthews (2019) report that circumcised men have as much [[HIV]] infection as intact men.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Garenne |init=M |author-link=Michel Garenne |last2=Matthews |init2=A |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Voluntary medical male circumcision and HIV in Zambia: expectations and observations |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Biosoc Science |location= |date=2019-10-01 |volume=14 |issue= |pages=1-13 |url= |quote= |pubmedID=31608845 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.html1017/S0021932019000634 |accessdate=20112020-03-0525

* A randomized, controlled trial of male circumcision to reduce [[HIV ]] incidence in Kisumu, Kenya.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[National Institutes of Health]].</small>* Scaling up [[HIV ]] prevention in Karnataka and southern Maharashtra, Phase II.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>* Monitoring and evaluation of the Avahan project in [[India]].<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>* Technical assistance to improve maternal, neonatal & child health through National Rural Health Mission, [[India]].<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>* Mapping key populations for [[HIV ]] prevention in Sri Lanka.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>World Bank.</small>

== Recent publications =={{PUB}}* Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men.<ref>{{REFjournal

|firstinit=J.S.JS

|first2init2=D.M.DM

|first3init3=MMG |last4=Bailey |first4=Robert C.G |init4=RC |author4-link=Robert C.Bailey |last5=Agot |init5=K |last6=Ndinya-Achola |init6=JO |last7=Moses |init7=S |author7-link=Stephen Moses

}}</ref><br><small>Smith JS, Hudgens MG, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Agot K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S, et al. Int J Cancer 2010; 126: 572-7.</small>* Top Achievements in Health Research: Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission.<ref>{{REFjournal

|firstinit=S. |author-link=Stephen Moses

|title=Top Achievements in Health Research: Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission |journal=CIHR/CMAJ

}}</ref><br><small>Moses S. CIHR/CMAJ 2009; 181: E134-5.</small>* Does sex in the early period after circumcision increase HIV-seroconversion risk? Pooled analysis of adult male circumcision clinical trials.<ref>{{REFjournal

|firstinit=S.D.SD

|first2init2=R.RH |author2-link=Ronald H.Gray

|first3init3=B |author3-link=Bertran Auvert |last4=Moses |init4=S |author4-link=Stephen Moses |last5=Kigozi |init5=G |author5-link=Godfrey Kigozi |last6=Taljaard |init6=D |last7=Puren |init7=A |last8=Agot |init8=K |last9=Serwadda |init9=D |other=Parker CB, [[Maria Wawer|Wawer MJ]], [[Robert C.Bailey|Bailey RC]]

</ref><br><small>Mehta SD, '''[[Ronald Gray|Gray RH]]''', '''[[Bertran Auvert|Auvert B]]''', Moses S , Kigozi G, Taljaard D, Puren A, Agot K, Serwadda D, Parker CB, '''[[Maria Wawer|Wawer MJ]]''', '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]'''. AIDS 2009; 23: 1557-64.</small>* Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=RCT Bailey |first=R.C. |last2=Moses |first2=S. |last3=Parker |first3=C.B. |etal=yes |date=et al 2007-02 |title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial |journal=Lancet |volume=369 |issue=9562 |pages=643–56 |url= |pubmedID=17321310 |DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60312-2 |accessdate=}}</ref><br><small>'''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Moses S , Parker CB, Agot K, Maclean I, Krieger JN, et al. Lancet 2007; 369: 643-56.</small>* Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa.<ref>{{REFjournal

|firstinit=N.J.NJD

|first2init2=S. |author2-link=Stephen Moses

|first3init3=S.J.SJ

|first4init4=R.RC |author4-link=Robert C.Bailey

}}</ref><br><small>Nagelkerke NJD, Moses S, de Vlas S, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]'''. BMC Infect Dis 2007; 7: 16.</small>* Adult male circumcision outcomes: experience in a developing country setting.<ref>{{REFjournal

|firstinit=J.N.JN

|first2init2=R.RC |author2-link=Robert C.Bailey |last3=OpeyaAgot |init3=K |first3last4=Parker |init4=J.C. |last5=Ndinya-Achola |init5=JO |last6=Moses |init6=S |author6-link=Stephen Moses

|journal=Urol. Int.

</ref><br><small>Krieger J, '''{{SEEALSO}}* [[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RCBias]]* [[Canada]]* [[Circumcised doctors]]''', Agot K, Parker C, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S, et al. Urol Int 2007; 78: 235-40.</small>

[[Category:PeoplePerson]][[Category:Male]]