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[[Image:World-bank-logo.jpg|thumb|100px|Funded by The World Bank]]
[[Image:World-bank-logo.jpg|thumb|100px|Funded by The World Bank]]


Professor, Depatrments of Medical Microbiology, Community Health Sciences and Medicine. Stephen Moses has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1994.<ref>Moses S., Plummer FA, Bradley, JE, Ndinya-Achola, JO, Nagelkerke NJ, and Ronald AR. The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data. Sex Transm Dis 1994;21:201-10.
'''Stephen Moses''', Professor, Departments of Medical Microbiology, Community Health Sciences and Medicine. Stephen Moses has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1994.<ref name="Moses1994">{{REFjournal
1.</ref> Moses (along with [[Robert C. Bailey]]) was responsible for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research)<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Moses  
|init=S
|author-link=Stephen Moses
|last2=Plummer
|init2=FA
|last3=Bradley
|init3=JE
|last4=Ndinya-Achola
|init4=JO
|last5=Nagelkerke
|init5=NJ
|last6=Ronald
|init6=AR
|title=The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data
|journal=Sex Transm Dis
|date=1994
|volume=21
|pages=201-210
}}</ref> Moses (along with [[Robert C. Bailey]]) was responsible for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research)<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Krieger
  |last=Krieger
  |first=J.N.
  |init=JN
  |last2=Bailey
  |last2=Bailey
  |first2=R.C.
  |init2=RC
  |last3=Opeya
  |last3=Opeya
  |first3=J.
  |init3=J
  |etal=yes
  |etal=yes
  |date=2005-11
  |date=2005-11
Line 37: Line 55:
  |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05810.x
  |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05810.x
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}</ref> which are being used by the [[World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an HIV prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> which are being used by the [[World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an [[HIV]] prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb
  |last=World Health Organization
  |last=World Health Organization
  |first=
  |first=
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== Interests ==
== Interests ==
According to Stephen's bio, his interest is in biological and behavioural risk factors for STI/HIV transmission.<ref name='moses-bio'>{{REFweb
According to Stephen's bio, his interest is in biological and behavioural risk factors for STI/[[HIV]] transmission.<ref name='moses-bio'>{{REFweb
  |last=Dr. Moses  
  |last=Moses
  |first=Stephen
  |first=Stephen
|title=Dr. Stephen Moses
|url=http://umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/units/medical_microbiology/faculty/StephenMoses.html
|publisher={{UNI|University of Manitoba|UManitoba}}
  |date=
  |date=
|title=
|url=http://umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/units/medical_microbiology/faculty/StephenMoses.html
  |accessdate=2011-02-23
  |accessdate=2011-02-23
|publisher = University of Manitoba
}}</ref> Moses has been an advocate of circumcision since at least 1994.<ref name="Moses1994"/>
}}</ref> Moses has been an advocate of circumcision since at least 1994.<ref>Moses S., Plummer FA, Bradley, JE, Ndinya-Achola, JO, Nagelkerke NJ, and Ronald AR. The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data. Sex Transm Dis 1994;21:201-10.</ref>


== RCT in Kenya ==
== RCT in Kenya ==
Of the three {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as HIV prevention, Stephen Moses and [[Robert C. Bailey]] headed the {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}} that was carried out in Kenya.<ref>Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369:643-56. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(07)60312-2/abstract Abstract]</ref> All three trials were funded by the American [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb
Three trials were funded by the American [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb
  |quote=...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials ({{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s) in Africa.
  |quote=...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials ({{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s) in Africa.
  |last=
  |last=
  |first=
  |first=
  |publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
  |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
  |date=2008
  |date=2016
  |title=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection
  |title=HIV/AIDS
  |url=http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html
  |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
  |accessdate=2011-03-05
|accessdate=2020-03-23
}}</ref>Of the three {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention, Stephen Moses and [[Robert C. Bailey]] headed the {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}} that was carried out in Kenya.<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref> Moses obviously brought his pre-existing bias in favor of male circumcision into the trial, so he did not start from a neutral position.
 
Moses' research on circumcision protection from [[HIV]] infection is now completely discredited. Boyle & Hill (2011) reviewed the three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and found disabling methodological and statistical errors in all three. Although a 60 percent ''relative'' reduction in [[HIV]] was claimed, the ''absolute'' reduction was a statistically insignificant 1.3 percent.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> [[Michel Garenne|Garenne]] & Matthews (2019) report that circumcised men have as much [[HIV]] infection as intact men.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
|last2=Matthews
|init2=A
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Voluntary medical male circumcision and HIV in Zambia: expectations and observations
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Science
|location=
|date=2019-10-01
|volume=14
|issue=
|pages=1-13
|url=
|quote=
|pubmedID=31608845
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932019000634
  |accessdate=2020-03-25
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


== Active projects ==
== Active projects ==
* A randomized, controlled trial of male circumcision to reduce HIV incidence in Kisumu, Kenya.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[National Institutes of Health]].</small>
* A randomized, controlled trial of male circumcision to reduce [[HIV]] incidence in Kisumu, Kenya.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[National Institutes of Health]].</small>
* Scaling up HIV prevention in Karnataka and southern Maharashtra, Phase II.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>
* Scaling up [[HIV]] prevention in Karnataka and southern Maharashtra, Phase II.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>
* Monitoring and evaluation of the Avahan project in India.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>
* Monitoring and evaluation of the Avahan project in [[India]].<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>
* Technical assistance to improve maternal, neonatal & child health through National Rural Health Mission, India.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>
* Technical assistance to improve maternal, neonatal & child health through National Rural Health Mission, [[India]].<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>
* Mapping key populations for HIV prevention in Sri Lanka.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>World Bank.</small>
* Mapping key populations for [[HIV]] prevention in Sri Lanka.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>World Bank.</small>


== Recent publications ==
{{PUB}}
* Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men.<ref>{{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
  |last=Smith
  |last=Smith
  |first=J.S.
  |init=JS
  |last2=Backes
  |last2=Backes
  |first2=D.M.
  |init2=DM
  |last3=Hudgens
  |last3=Hudgens
  |first3=M.G.
  |init3=MG
|last4=Bailey
|first4=Robert C.
|init4=RC
|author4-link=Robert C. Bailey
|last5=Agot
|init5=K
|last6=Ndinya-Achola
|init6=JO
|last7=Moses
|init7=S
|author7-link=Stephen Moses
  |etal=yes
  |etal=yes
  |date=2010-01
  |date=2010-01
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  |DOI=10.1002/ijc.24770
  |DOI=10.1002/ijc.24770
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}</ref><br><small>Smith JS, Hudgens MG, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Agot K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S, et al. Int J Cancer 2010; 126: 572-7.</small>
}}
* Top Achievements in Health Research: Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission.<ref>{{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
  |last=Moses
  |last=Moses
  |first=S.
  |init=S
|author-link=Stephen Moses
  |date=2009-10
  |date=2009-10
  |title=Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission
  |title=Top Achievements in Health Research: Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission
  |journal=CMAJ
  |journal=CIHR/CMAJ
  |volume=181
  |volume=181
  |issue=8
  |issue=8
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  |DOI=10.1503/cmaj.090809
  |DOI=10.1503/cmaj.090809
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}</ref><br><small>Moses S. CIHR/CMAJ 2009; 181: E134-5.</small>
}}
* Does sex in the early period after circumcision increase HIV-seroconversion risk? Pooled analysis of adult male circumcision clinical trials.<ref>{{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
  |last=Mehta
  |last=Mehta
  |first=S.D.
  |init=SD
  |last2=Gray
  |last2=Gray
  |first2=R.H.
  |init2=RH
|author2-link=Ronald H. Gray
  |last3=Auvert
  |last3=Auvert
  |first3=B.
  |init3=B
|author3-link=Bertran Auvert
|last4=Moses
|init4=S
|author4-link=Stephen Moses
|last5=Kigozi
|init5=G
|author5-link=Godfrey Kigozi
|last6=Taljaard
|init6=D
|last7=Puren
|init7=A
|last8=Agot
|init8=K
|last9=Serwadda
|init9=D
|other=Parker CB, [[Maria Wawer|Wawer MJ]], [[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]
  |etal=yes
  |etal=yes
  |date=2007-07
  |date=2007-07
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  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}
}}
</ref><br><small>Mehta SD, '''[[Ronald Gray|Gray RH]]''', '''[[Bertran Auvert|Auvert B]]''', Moses S , Kigozi G, Taljaard D, Puren A, Agot K, Serwadda D, Parker CB, '''[[Maria Wawer|Wawer MJ]]''', '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]'''. AIDS 2009; 23: 1557-64.</small>
* {{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}
* Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial.<ref>{{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
|last=Bailey
|first=R.C.
|last2=Moses
|first2=S.
|last3=Parker
|first3=C.B.
|etal=yes
|date=2007-02
|title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial
|journal=Lancet
|volume=369
|issue=9562
|pages=643–56
|url=
|pubmedID=17321310
|DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60312-2
|accessdate=
}}
</ref><br><small>'''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Moses S , Parker CB, Agot K, Maclean I, Krieger JN, et al. Lancet 2007; 369: 643-56.</small>
* Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Nagelkerke
  |last=Nagelkerke
  |first=N.J.
  |init=NJD
  |last2=Moses
  |last2=Moses
  |first2=S.
  |init2=S
|author2-link=Stephen Moses
  |last3=de Vlas
  |last3=de Vlas
  |first3=S.J.
  |init3=SJ
  |last4=Bailey
  |last4=Bailey
  |first4=R.C.
  |init4=RC
|author4-link=Robert C. Bailey
  |date=2007
  |date=2007
  |title=Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa
  |title=Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa
Line 173: Line 227:
  |DOI=10.1186/1471-2334-7-16
  |DOI=10.1186/1471-2334-7-16
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}</ref><br><small>Nagelkerke NJD, Moses S, de Vlas S, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]'''. BMC Infect Dis 2007; 7: 16.</small>
}}
* Adult male circumcision outcomes: experience in a developing country setting.<ref>{{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
  |last=Krieger
  |last=Krieger
  |first=J.N.
  |init=JN
  |last2=Bailey
  |last2=Bailey
  |first2=R.C.
  |init2=RC
  |last3=Opeya
|author2-link=Robert C. Bailey
  |first3=J.C.
  |last3=Agot
|init3=K
  |last4=Parker
|init4=C
|last5=Ndinya-Achola
|init5=JO
|last6=Moses
|init6=S
|author6-link=Stephen Moses
  |etal=yes
  |etal=yes
  |date=2007
  |date=2007
  |title=Adult male circumcision outcomes: experience in a developing country setting
  |title=Adult male circumcision outcomes: experience in a developing country setting
  |journal=Urol. Int.
  |journal=Urol Int
  |volume=78
  |volume=78
  |issue=3
  |issue=3
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  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}
}}
</ref><br><small>Krieger J, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Agot K, Parker C, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S, et al. Urol Int 2007; 78: 235-40.</small>


{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Bias]]
* [[Bias]]
* [[Canada]]
* [[Circumcised doctors]]
* [[Circumcised doctors]]


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Moses, Stephen}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Moses, Stephen}}


[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Person]]
[[Category:Male]]
 
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Author]]
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:Canada]]
 
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]


[[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
[[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
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