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'''Stephen Moses''', Professor, Depatrments Departments of Medical Microbiology, Community Health Sciences and Medicine. Stephen Moses has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1994.<refname="Moses1994">{{REFjournal |last=Moses |init=S., |author-link=Stephen Moses |last2=Plummer |init2=FA, |last3=Bradley, |init3=JE, |last4=Ndinya-Achola, |init4=JO, |last5=Nagelkerke |init5=NJ, and |last6=Ronald |init6=AR. |title=The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data. |journal=Sex Transm Dis |date=1994; |volume=21: |pages=201-10. 2101.}}</ref> Moses (along with [[Robert C. Bailey]]) was responsible for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research)<ref>{{REFjournal | last=Krieger |init=JN, |last2=Bailey |init2=RC, |last3=Opeya J, ''et al.'' | firstinit3=J | coauthorsetal=yes | pubyeardate=2005, November-11 | title=Adult male circumcision: results of a standardized procedure in Kisumu District, Kenya | journal=BJU Int. | volume=96 | issue=7 | pages=1109–13 | url= | accessdate= | pmidpubmedID=16225538 | doiDOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05810.x |accessdate=}}</ref> which are being used by the [[World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an [[HIV ]] prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb | last=World Health Organization | first= | date=2007-03-27 | title=WHO and UNAIDS announce recommendations from expert consultation on male circumcision for HIV prevention | url=http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news68/en/index.html | accessdate=2011-02-23

According to Stephen's bio, his interest is in biological and behavioural risk factors for STI/[[HIV ]] transmission.<ref name='moses-bio'>{{REFweb | last=Dr. Moses | first=Stephen | date= | title=Dr. Stephen Moses | url=http://umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/units/medical_microbiology/faculty/StephenMoses.html |publisher={{UNI|University of Manitoba|UManitoba}} |date= | accessdate=2011-02-23 | publisher = University of Manitoba}}</ref> Moses has been an advocate of circumcision since at least 1994.<ref>Moses S., Plummer FA, Bradley, JE, Ndinya-Achola, JO, Nagelkerke NJ, and Ronald AR. The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data. Sex Transm Dis 1994;21:201-10.<name="Moses1994"/ref>

Three trials were funded by the American [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb |quote=...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials ({{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s) in Africa. |last= |first= |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |date=2016 |title=HIV/AIDS |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/ |accessdate=2020-03-23}}</ref>Of the three RCTs {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as [[HIV ]] prevention, Stephen Moses and [[Robert C. Bailey]] headed the {{#tip-text:RCT |Randomized controlled trial}} that was carried out in Kenya.<ref>{{RCT Bailey RC, et al 2007}}</ref> Moses Sobviously brought his pre-existing bias in favor of male circumcision into the trial, Parker CB, et also he did not start from a neutral position. Male  Moses' research on circumcision for protection from [[HIV prevention ]] infection is now completely discredited. Boyle & Hill (2011) reviewed the three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and found disabling methodological and statistical errors in young men all three. Although a 60 percent ''relative'' reduction in Kisumu[[HIV]] was claimed, Kenya: the ''absolute'' reduction was a randomised controlled trialstatistically insignificant 1. Lancet 2007;369:643-563 percent. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140<ref name="boyle-6736(07)60312-2/abstract Abstract]hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> All three trials were funded by the American [[National Institutes of HealthMichel Garenne|Garenne]] & Matthews (2019) report that circumcised men have as much [[HIV]]infection as intact men.<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFwebQuoteREFjournal |last=Garenne |init=M |author-link=Michel Garenne | quotelast2=Matthews |init2=A |author2-link= |etal=no |title=...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) Voluntary medical male circumcision and HIV in Africa.Zambia: expectations and observations |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Biosoc Science | lastlocation= | firstdate=2019-10-01 | publishervolume=Doctors Opposing Circumcision14 | yearissue=2008 | urltitlepages=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection1-13 | url=http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision |quote= |pubmedID=31608845 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.org/info1017/HIVStatement.htmlS0021932019000634 | accessdate=20112020-03-0525

== Active Projects projects ==*A randomized, controlled trial of male circumcision to reduce [[HIV ]] incidence in Kisumu , Kenya.<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></pbr><small>[[National Institutes of Health]].</small><p></p>*Scaling up [[HIV ]] prevention in Karnataka and southern Maharashtra , Phase II.<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></pbr><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small><p></p>*Monitoring and evaluation of the Avahan project in [[India]].<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></pbr><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small><p></p>*Technical assistance to improve maternal, neonatal & child health through National Rural Health Mission, [[India]].<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></pbr><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small><p></p>*Mapping key populations for [[HIV ]] prevention in Sri Lanka.<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></pbr><small>World Bank.</small><p></p>

== Recent Publications =={{PUB}}* Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men.<ref>{{REFjournal | last=Smith |init=JS, |last2=Backes |init2=DM, |last3=Hudgens |init3=MG, ''et al |last4=Bailey |first4=Robert C. |init4=RC |author4-link=Robert C.''Bailey |last5=Agot | firstinit5=K | coauthorslast6=Ndinya-Achola | pubyearinit6=JO |last7=Moses |init7=S |author7-link=Stephen Moses |etal=yes |date=2010, January-01 | title=Prevalence and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men | journal=Int. J. Cancer | volume=126 | issue=2 | pages=572–7 | url= | accessdate= | pmidpubmedID=19626601 | pmcpubmedCID=2795021 | doiDOI=10.1002/ijc.24770 |accessdate=}}</ref><br><small>Smith JS, Hudgens MG, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Agot K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S, et al. Int J Cancer 2010; 126: 572-7.</small>* Top Achievements in Health Research: Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission.<ref>{{REFjournal | last=Moses S | firstinit=S | coauthorsauthor-link=Stephen Moses | pubyeardate=2009, October-10 | title=Top Achievements in Health Research: Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission | journal=CIHR/CMAJ | volume=181 | issue=8 | pages=E134–5 | url= | accessdate= | pmidpubmedID=19786481 | pmcpubmedCID=2761462 | doiDOI=10.1503/cmaj.090809 |accessdate=}}}</ref><br><small>Moses S. CIHR/CMAJ 2009; 181: E134-5.</small>* Does sex in the early period after circumcision increase HIV-seroconversion risk? Pooled analysis of adult male circumcision clinical trials.<ref>{{REFjournal | last=Mehta |init=SD, |last2=Gray |init2=RH, |author2-link=Ronald H. Gray |last3=Auvert |init3=B, ''et al.'' | firstauthor3-link=Bertran Auvert |last4=Moses |init4=S |author4-link=Stephen Moses |last5=Kigozi |init5=G |author5-link=Godfrey Kigozi |last6=Taljaard |init6=D |last7=Puren |init7=A |last8=Agot |init8=K |last9=Serwadda | coauthorsinit9=D | pubyearother=Parker CB, [[Maria Wawer|Wawer MJ]], [[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]] |etal=yes |date=2007, July-07 | title=Does sex in the early period after circumcision increase HIV-seroconversion risk? Pooled analysis of adult male circumcision clinical trials | journal=AIDS | volume=23 | issue=12 | pages=1557–64 | url= | accessdate= | pmidpubmedID=19571722 | pmcpubmedCID=2772053 | doiDOI=10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832afe95 |accessdate=

</ref><br><small>Mehta SD, '''[[Ronald Gray|Gray RH]]''', '''[[Bertran Auvert|Auvert B]]''', Moses S , Kigozi G, Taljaard D, Puren A, Agot K, Serwadda D, Parker CB, '''[[Maria Wawer|Wawer MJ]]''', '''[[Robert C. * {{RCT Bailey|Bailey RC]]'''. AIDS 2009; 23: 1557-64.</small>et al 2007}}* Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu , Kenya: a randomised controlled trial.<ref>{{REFjournal | last=Bailey RC, Nagelkerke |init=NJD |last2=Moses |init2=S, Parker CB, ''et al.'' | firstauthor2-link=Stephen Moses |last3=de Vlas |init3=SJ |last4=Bailey |init4=RC | coauthorsauthor4-link=Robert C. Bailey | pubyeardate=2007, February | title=Male Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men high prevalence areas in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trialAfrica | journal=LancetBMC Infect. Dis. | volume=3697 | issue=9562 | pages=643–5616 | url= | accessdatepubmedID=17355625 | pmidpubmedCID=173213101832203 | doiDOI=10.10161186/S01401471-2334-6736(07)603127-216 |accessdate=

</ref><br><small>'''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Moses S , Parker CB, Agot K, Maclean I, Krieger JN, et al. Lancet 2007; 369: 643-56.</small>* Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa.<ref>{{REFjournal | last=Nagelkerke NJ, Moses S, de Vlas SJ, Bailey RCKrieger | firstinit=JN | coauthorslast2=Bailey | pubyearinit2=2007RC | titleauthor2-link=Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa | journal=BMC Infect. DisRobert C.Bailey | volumelast3=7Agot | issueinit3=K | pageslast4=16Parker | urlinit4=C | accessdatelast5=Ndinya-Achola | pmidinit5=17355625JO | pmclast6=1832203Moses | doiinit6=10.1186/1471-2334-7-16}}</ref><br><small>Nagelkerke NJD, Moses S, de Vlas S, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]'''. BMC Infect Dis 2007; 7: 16.</small>* Adult male circumcision outcomes: experience in a developing country setting.<ref>{{REFjournal | last=Krieger JN, Bailey RC, Opeya JC, ''et al.'' | firstauthor6-link=Stephen Moses | coauthorsetal=yes | pubyeardate=2007 | title=Adult male circumcision outcomes: experience in a developing country setting | journal=Urol. Int. | volume=78 | issue=3 | pages=235–40 | url= | accessdatepages=235–40 | pmidpubmedID=17406133 | doiDOI=10.1159/000099344 |accessdate=

</ref><br><small>Krieger J, '''{{SEEALSO}}* [[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RCBias]]* [[Canada]]* [[Circumcised doctors]]''', Agot K, Parker C, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S, et al. Urol Int 2007; 78: 235-40.</small>

[[Category{{DEFAULTSORT:People|Moses, Stephen]][[Category:Researchers|Moses, Stephen]][[Category:Circumcision in Africa|Moses, Stephen]][[Category:CircLeaks]]}}