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{| class="infobox vcard" style="175px; font-size:90%" border="0" cellspacing="4" align="right"  
{| class="infobox vcard" style="175px; font-size:90%" border="0" cellspacing="4" align="right"  
|-  
|-  
| align="right" | [[Image:Stephen_Moses.jpg|175px|alt=Example alt text]]
| [[Image:Stephen_Moses.jpg|175px]]
|-
| align="center" | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
|-
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
|- style="background: #DCDCDC"
| align="center" | '''Associates With:'''
| align="center" | '''Associates With:'''
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[[Image:World-bank-logo.jpg|thumb|100px|Funded by The World Bank]]
[[Image:World-bank-logo.jpg|thumb|100px|Funded by The World Bank]]


Professor, Depatrments of Medical Microbiology, Community Health Sciences and Medicine. Stephen Moses has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1994.<ref>Moses S., Plummer FA, Bradley, JE, Ndinya-Achola, JO, Nagelkerke NJ, and Ronald AR. The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data. Sex Transm Dis 1994;21:201-10.
'''Stephen Moses''', Professor, Departments of Medical Microbiology, Community Health Sciences and Medicine. Stephen Moses has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1994.<ref name="Moses1994">{{REFjournal
1.</ref> Moses (along with [[Robert C. Bailey]]) was responsible for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research)<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Moses  
  | last=Krieger JN, Bailey RC, Opeya J, ''et al.''
|init=S
  | first=
|author-link=Stephen Moses
  | coauthors=
|last2=Plummer
  | pubyear=2005, November
|init2=FA
  | title=Adult male circumcision: results of a standardized procedure in Kisumu District, Kenya
|last3=Bradley
  | journal=BJU Int.
|init3=JE
  | volume=96
|last4=Ndinya-Achola
  | issue=7
|init4=JO
  | pages=1109–13
|last5=Nagelkerke
  | url=
|init5=NJ
  | accessdate=
|last6=Ronald
| pmid=16225538
|init6=AR
  | doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05810.x
|title=The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data
}}</ref> which are being used by the [[World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an HIV prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb
|journal=Sex Transm Dis
  | last=World Health Organization
|date=1994
  | first=
|volume=21
  | date=2007-03-27
|pages=201-210
  | title=WHO and UNAIDS announce recommendations from expert consultation on male circumcision for HIV prevention
}}</ref> Moses (along with [[Robert C. Bailey]]) was responsible for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research)<ref>{{REFjournal
  | url=http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news68/en/index.html
  |last=Krieger
  | accessdate=2011-02-23
|init=JN
|last2=Bailey
|init2=RC
|last3=Opeya
  |init3=J
  |etal=yes
  |date=2005-11
  |title=Adult male circumcision: results of a standardized procedure in Kisumu District, Kenya
  |journal=BJU Int.
  |volume=96
  |issue=7
  |pages=1109–13
  |url=
  |pubmedID=16225538
  |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05810.x
|accessdate=
}}</ref> which are being used by the [[World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an [[HIV]] prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb
  |last=World Health Organization
  |first=
  |date=2007-03-27
  |title=WHO and UNAIDS announce recommendations from expert consultation on male circumcision for HIV prevention
  |url=http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news68/en/index.html
  |accessdate=2011-02-23
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


== Interests ==
== Interests ==
According to Stephen's bio, his interest is in biological and behavioural risk factors for STI/HIV transmission.<ref name='moses-bio'>{{REFweb
According to Stephen's bio, his interest is in biological and behavioural risk factors for STI/[[HIV]] transmission.<ref name='moses-bio'>{{REFweb
  | last=Dr. Moses  
  |last=Moses
  | first=Stephen
  |first=Stephen
| date=
  |title=Dr. Stephen Moses
  | title=
  |url=http://umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/units/medical_microbiology/faculty/StephenMoses.html
  | url=http://umanitoba.ca/faculties/medicine/units/medical_microbiology/faculty/StephenMoses.html
|publisher={{UNI|University of Manitoba|UManitoba}}
  | accessdate=2011-02-23
|date=
| publisher = University of Manitoba
  |accessdate=2011-02-23
}}</ref> Moses has been an advocate of circumcision since at least 1994.<ref>Moses S., Plummer FA, Bradley, JE, Ndinya-Achola, JO, Nagelkerke NJ, and Ronald AR. The association between lack of male circumcision and risk for HIV infection: a review of the epidemiological data. Sex Transm Dis 1994;21:201-10.</ref>
}}</ref> Moses has been an advocate of circumcision since at least 1994.<ref name="Moses1994"/>


== RCT in Kenya ==
== RCT in Kenya ==
Of the three RCTs being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as HIV prevention, Stephen Moses and [[Robert C. Bailey]] headed the RCT that was carried out in Kenya.<ref>Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369:643-56. [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(07)60312-2/abstract Abstract]</ref> All three trials were funded by the American [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFwebQuote
Three trials were funded by the American [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb
  | quote=...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Africa.
|quote=...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials ({{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s) in Africa.
  | last=
|last=
  | first=
|first=
  | publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision
|publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]
  | year=2008
|date=2016
  | urltitle=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection
|title=HIV/AIDS
  | url=http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html
|url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/
  | accessdate=2011-03-05
|accessdate=2020-03-23
}}</ref>Of the three {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}}s being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as [[HIV]] prevention, Stephen Moses and [[Robert C. Bailey]] headed the {{#tip-text:RCT|Randomized controlled trial}} that was carried out in Kenya.<ref>{{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}</ref> Moses obviously brought his pre-existing bias in favor of male circumcision into the trial, so he did not start from a neutral position.
 
Moses' research on circumcision protection from [[HIV]] infection is now completely discredited. Boyle & Hill (2011) reviewed the three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and found disabling methodological and statistical errors in all three. Although a 60 percent ''relative'' reduction in [[HIV]] was claimed, the ''absolute'' reduction was a statistically insignificant 1.3 percent.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> [[Michel Garenne|Garenne]] & Matthews (2019) report that circumcised men have as much [[HIV]] infection as intact men.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|init=M
|author-link=Michel Garenne
  |last2=Matthews
|init2=A
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Voluntary medical male circumcision and HIV in Zambia: expectations and observations
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Science
  |location=
  |date=2019-10-01
  |volume=14
  |issue=
  |pages=1-13
  |url=
|quote=
|pubmedID=31608845
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932019000634
  |accessdate=2020-03-25
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


== Active Projects ==
== Active projects ==
*A randomized, controlled trial of male circumcision to reduce HIV incidence in Kisumu , Kenya.<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></p><small>[[National Institutes of Health]].</small><p></p>
* A randomized, controlled trial of male circumcision to reduce [[HIV]] incidence in Kisumu, Kenya.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[National Institutes of Health]].</small>
*Scaling up HIV prevention in Karnataka and southern Maharashtra , Phase II.<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></p><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small><p></p>
* Scaling up [[HIV]] prevention in Karnataka and southern Maharashtra, Phase II.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>
*Monitoring and evaluation of the Avahan project in India.<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></p><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small><p></p>
* Monitoring and evaluation of the Avahan project in [[India]].<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>
*Technical assistance to improve maternal, neonatal & child health through National Rural Health Mission, India.<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></p><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small><p></p>
* Technical assistance to improve maternal, neonatal & child health through National Rural Health Mission, [[India]].<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].</small>
*Mapping key populations for HIV prevention in Sri Lanka.<ref name='moses-bio' /> <p></p><small>World Bank.</small><p></p>
* Mapping key populations for [[HIV]] prevention in Sri Lanka.<ref name='moses-bio'/><br><small>World Bank.</small>


== Recent Publications ==
{{PUB}}
* Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men.<ref>{{REFjournal
* {{REFjournal
  | last=Smith JS, Backes DM, Hudgens MG, ''et al.''
  |last=Smith
  | first=
  |init=JS
  | coauthors=
  |last2=Backes
  | pubyear=2010, January
  |init2=DM
  | title=Prevalence and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men
  |last3=Hudgens
  | journal=Int. J. Cancer
  |init3=MG
  | volume=126
  |last4=Bailey
  | issue=2
  |first4=Robert C.
  | pages=572–7
  |init4=RC
  | url=
  |author4-link=Robert C. Bailey
| accessdate=
  |last5=Agot
| pmid=19626601
  |init5=K
| pmc=2795021
  |last6=Ndinya-Achola
| doi=10.1002/ijc.24770
  |init6=JO
}}</ref><br><small>Smith JS, Hudgens MG, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Agot K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S, et al. Int J Cancer 2010; 126: 572-7.</small>
  |last7=Moses
* Top Achievements in Health Research: Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |init7=S
  | last=Moses S
  |author7-link=Stephen Moses
  | first=
  |etal=yes
  | coauthors=
  |date=2010-01
  | pubyear=2009, October
  |title=Prevalence and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men
  | title=Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission
  |journal=Int. J. Cancer
| journal=CMAJ
  |volume=126
  | volume=181
  |issue=2
  | issue=8
  |pages=572–7
  | pages=E134–5
  |url=
  | url=
  |pubmedID=19626601
| accessdate=
  |pubmedCID=2795021
| pmid=19786481
  |DOI=10.1002/ijc.24770
| pmc=2761462
  |accessdate=
| doi=10.1503/cmaj.090809
}}}</ref><br><small>Moses S. CIHR/CMAJ 2009; 181: E134-5.</small>
* Does sex in the early period after circumcision increase HIV-seroconversion risk? Pooled analysis of adult male circumcision clinical trials.<ref>{{REFjournal
| last=Mehta SD, Gray RH, Auvert B, ''et al.''
| first=
| coauthors=
| pubyear=2007, July
  | title=Does sex in the early period after circumcision increase HIV-seroconversion risk? Pooled analysis of adult male circumcision clinical trials
  | journal=AIDS
  | volume=23
  | issue=12
  | pages=1557–64
  | url=
  | accessdate=
  | pmid=19571722
  | pmc=2772053
  | doi=10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832afe95
}}
}}
</ref><br><small>Mehta SD, '''[[Ronald Gray|Gray RH]]''', '''[[Bertran Auvert|Auvert B]]''', Moses S , Kigozi G, Taljaard D, Puren A, Agot K, Serwadda D, Parker CB, '''[[Maria Wawer|Wawer MJ]]''', '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]'''. AIDS 2009; 23: 1557-64.</small>
* {{REFjournal
* Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu , Kenya: a randomised controlled trial.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Moses
  | last=Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, ''et al.''
  |init=S
  | first=
  |author-link=Stephen Moses
  | coauthors=
  |date=2009-10
  | pubyear=2007, February
  |title=Top Achievements in Health Research: Male circumcision: a new approach to reducing HIV transmission
  | title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial
  |journal=CIHR/CMAJ
  | journal=Lancet
  |volume=181
  | volume=369
  |issue=8
  | issue=9562
  |pages=E134–5
  | pages=643–56
  |url=
  | url=
  |pubmedID=19786481
  | accessdate=
  |pubmedCID=2761462
  | pmid=17321310
  |DOI=10.1503/cmaj.090809
  | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60312-2
|accessdate=
}}
}}
</ref><br><small>'''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Moses S , Parker CB, Agot K, Maclean I, Krieger JN, et al. Lancet 2007; 369: 643-56.</small>
* {{REFjournal
* Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Mehta
  | last=Nagelkerke NJ, Moses S, de Vlas SJ, Bailey RC
|init=SD
  | first=
|last2=Gray
  | coauthors=
|init2=RH
  | pubyear=2007
|author2-link=Ronald H. Gray
  | title=Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa
|last3=Auvert
  | journal=BMC Infect. Dis.
|init3=B
  | volume=7
|author3-link=Bertran Auvert
  | issue=
|last4=Moses
  | pages=16
|init4=S
  | url=
|author4-link=Stephen Moses
  | accessdate=
|last5=Kigozi
| pmid=17355625
|init5=G
  | pmc=1832203
|author5-link=Godfrey Kigozi
  | doi=10.1186/1471-2334-7-16
|last6=Taljaard
}}</ref><br><small>Nagelkerke NJD, Moses S, de Vlas S, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]'''. BMC Infect Dis 2007; 7: 16.</small>
|init6=D
* Adult male circumcision outcomes: experience in a developing country setting.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last7=Puren
  | last=Krieger JN, Bailey RC, Opeya JC, ''et al.''
|init7=A
  | first=
|last8=Agot
  | coauthors=
|init8=K
  | pubyear=2007
|last9=Serwadda
  | title=Adult male circumcision outcomes: experience in a developing country setting
|init9=D
  | journal=Urol. Int.
|other=Parker CB, [[Maria Wawer|Wawer MJ]], [[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]
  | volume=78
|etal=yes
  | issue=3
|date=2007-07
| pages=235–40
|title=Does sex in the early period after circumcision increase HIV-seroconversion risk? Pooled analysis of adult male circumcision clinical trials
  | url=
|journal=AIDS
  | accessdate=
|volume=23
  | pmid=17406133
|issue=12
  | doi=10.1159/000099344
|pages=1557–64
|url=
|pubmedID=19571722
|pubmedCID=2772053
|DOI=10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832afe95
|accessdate=
}}
* {{RCT Bailey et al 2007}}
* {{REFjournal
  |last=Nagelkerke
|init=NJD
|last2=Moses
|init2=S
|author2-link=Stephen Moses
|last3=de Vlas
|init3=SJ
|last4=Bailey
  |init4=RC
  |author4-link=Robert C. Bailey
  |date=2007
  |title=Modelling the public health impact of male circumcision for HIV prevention in high prevalence areas in Africa
  |journal=BMC Infect. Dis.
  |volume=7
  |issue=
  |pages=16
  |url=
  |pubmedID=17355625
  |pubmedCID=1832203
  |DOI=10.1186/1471-2334-7-16
|accessdate=
}}
* {{REFjournal
  |last=Krieger
|init=JN
|last2=Bailey
|init2=RC
|author2-link=Robert C. Bailey
|last3=Agot
  |init3=K
  |last4=Parker
  |init4=C
|last5=Ndinya-Achola
|init5=JO
|last6=Moses
|init6=S
|author6-link=Stephen Moses
|etal=yes
|date=2007
  |title=Adult male circumcision outcomes: experience in a developing country setting
  |journal=Urol Int
  |volume=78
  |issue=3
  |url=
  |pages=235–40
  |pubmedID=17406133
  |DOI=10.1159/000099344
|accessdate=
}}
}}
</ref><br><small>Krieger J, '''[[Robert C. Bailey|Bailey RC]]''', Agot K, Parker C, Ndinya-Achola JO, Moses S, et al. Urol Int 2007; 78: 235-40.</small>
 
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Bias]]
* [[Canada]]
* [[Circumcised doctors]]


{{REF}}
{{REF}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Moses, Stephen}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Moses, Stephen}}


[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Person]]
[[Category:Researchers]]
[[Category:Male]]
 
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Author]]
 
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]]
[[Category:CircLeaks]]


[[Category:From CircLeaks]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
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