Phimosis: Difference between revisions

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== Non-retractable foreskin of infancy and childhood ==
== Non-retractable foreskin of infancy and childhood ==
[[File:Oester.jpg|frame|Percentage of boys with fused foreskin by age according to Øster]]
[[File:Oester.jpg|frame|Percentage of boys with fused foreskin by age according to Øster]]
Boys are almost always born with non-retractable foreskin.<ref name="gairdner1949">{{REFjournal
Boys are almost always born with non-retractable foreskin.<ref name="gairdner1949">{{:GairdnerDM1949}}</ref> The inner surface of the foreskin of a newborn baby is fused by a [[synechia]] to the surface of the glans penis so that is non-retractable.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Gairdner
|first=Douglas
|init=D
|author-link=Douglas Gairdner
|title=The fate of the foreskin: a study of circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Brit Med J
|date=1949-12-24
|volume=2
|issue=
|pages=1433-7
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2051968/pdf/brmedj03656-0009.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=15408299
|pubmedCID=2051968
|DOI=10.1136/bmj.2.4642.1433
|accessdate=2019-11-02
}}</ref> The inner surface of the foreskin of a newborn baby is fused by a [[synechia]] to the surface of the glans penis so that is non-retractable.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Deibart
  |last=Deibart
  |init=GA
  |init=GA
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  |DOI=10.5402/2012/707329
  |DOI=10.5402/2012/707329
  |accessdate=2019-11-02
  |accessdate=2019-11-02
}}</ref> Moreover the tip of the [[foreskin]] at birth is usually too tight to permit any retraction.<ref name="gairdner1949" /> Thus normal, natural childhood non-retractable foreskin, which must be distinguished from pathological phimosis,<ref name="shahid2012" /> has been given the name ''physiological phimosis'' to distinguish it from ''pathological phimosis'' in adults.<ref name="shahid2012" />
}}</ref> Moreover the tip of the [[foreskin]] at birth is usually too tight to permit any retraction.<ref name="gairdner1949"/> Thus normal, natural childhood non-retractable foreskin, which must be distinguished from pathological phimosis,<ref name="shahid2012" /> has been given the name ''physiological phimosis'' to distinguish it from ''pathological phimosis'' in adults.<ref name="shahid2012" />


Physiological phimosis can be divided into three main categories - symptom-free, in need of therapy, and in need of surgery.
Physiological phimosis can be divided into three main categories - symptom-free, in need of therapy, and in need of surgery.