Preputial sac: Difference between revisions

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}}</ref> Moistness also may be maintained by [[transudation]].<ref name="cold-taylor1999" />

Lakshmanan & Parkash (1980) described the muscle fibers in the prepuce (known as the [[dartos]]), which contract to keep the prepuce snugly close to the glans penis. The muscle fibers form a whorl at the tip to keep the tip of the foreskin and the preputial sac closed against the outside world and contamination.<ref>{{REFjournal

Lakshmanan & Parkash (1980) described the muscle fibers in the prepuce (known as the [[dartos]]), which contract to keep the prepuce snugly close to the glans penis. The muscle fibers form a whorl at the tip to keep the tip of the [[foreskin]] and keep the preputial sac closed against the outside world and contamination.<ref>{{REFjournal

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The presence of the healthy microbiome, the [[Langerhans cells]], and the lytics in the sub-preputial moisture give the preputial sac strong immunological functions. [[Circumcision]] destroys the preputial sac and its protective immunological functions and makes the patient more vulnerable to [[infection]] throughout life.<ref name="fleiss1998" />

One frequently hears the advice to wash the preputial cavity at least daily to prevent infection. This advice is outmoded.<ref name="birley1993" /> <ref name="fleiss1998" /> Washing may introduce pathogens into the preputial cavity. It also removes the skin oil and protective lytic substances described above. It is better to wash only as necessary.

One frequently hears the advice to wash the preputial cavity at least daily to prevent [[infection]]. This advice is outmoded.<ref name="birley1993" /> <ref name="fleiss1998" /> Washing may introduce pathogens into the preputial cavity. It also removes the skin oil and protective lytic substances described above. It is better to wash only as necessary.

If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a rubber-bulb ear syringe may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing. Washing is recommended before and after sex and as desired to remove [[smegma]].

If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a rubber-bulb ear syringe may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing. Washing is recommended before and after sex and as desired to remove accumulated [[smegma]].

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 }}</ref> Moistness also may be maintained by [[transudation]].<ref name="cold-taylor1999" />
-Lakshmanan & Parkash (1980) described the muscle fibers in the prepuce (known as the [[dartos]]), which contract to keep the prepuce snugly close to the glans penis. The muscle fibers form a whorl at the tip to keep the tip of the foreskin and the preputial sac closed against the outside world and contamination.<ref>{{REFjournal
+Lakshmanan & Parkash (1980) described the muscle fibers in the prepuce (known as the [[dartos]]), which contract to keep the prepuce snugly close to the glans penis. The muscle fibers form a whorl at the tip to keep the tip of the [[foreskin]] and keep the preputial sac closed against the outside world and contamination.<ref>{{REFjournal
   |last=Lakshmanan
   |first=
@@ Line 203: / Line 203: @@
 The presence of the healthy microbiome, the [[Langerhans cells]], and the lytics in the sub-preputial moisture give the preputial sac strong immunological functions. [[Circumcision]] destroys the preputial sac and its protective immunological functions and makes the patient more vulnerable to [[infection]] throughout life.<ref name="fleiss1998" />
-One frequently hears the advice to wash the preputial cavity at least daily to prevent infection. This advice is outmoded.<ref name="birley1993" /> <ref name="fleiss1998" /> Washing may introduce pathogens into the preputial cavity. It also removes the skin oil and protective lytic substances described above. It is better to wash only as necessary.
+One frequently hears the advice to wash the preputial cavity at least daily to prevent [[infection]]. This advice is outmoded.<ref name="birley1993" /> <ref name="fleiss1998" /> Washing may introduce pathogens into the preputial cavity. It also removes the skin oil and protective lytic substances described above. It is better to wash only as necessary.
-If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a rubber-bulb ear syringe may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing. Washing is recommended before and after sex and as desired to remove [[smegma]].
+If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a rubber-bulb ear syringe may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing. Washing is recommended before and after sex and as desired to remove accumulated [[smegma]].
 {{REF}}