Difference between revisions of "Smegma"

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[[Image:Male smegma.jpg|right|thumb|Smegma on a human penis.]]
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{{GraphicWarning}}
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[[Image:Male smegma.jpg|right|thumb|Smegma on a human [[penis]].]]
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[[Image:Female smegma.jpg|right|thumb|Smegma on a human [[vulva]].]]
  
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[[Image:Female smegma.jpg|right|thumb|Smegma on a human vulva.]]
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'''Smegma''' is the name given to a flaky material that accumulates underneath the [[foreskin]] in males, and underneath the [[clitoral hood]] and within the labial folds in females. In males, it is composed of secretions of ectopic sebaceous glands in the [[foreskin]], mixed with secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles, mucin from the urethral glands, and desquamated epithelial cells.<ref>{{REFjournal
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'''Smegma'''' is the name given to a flaky material that accumulates underneath the [[foreskin]] in males, and underneath the [[clitoral hood]] and within the labial folds in females. In males, it is composed of secretions of ectopic sebaceous glands in the foreskin, mixed with secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles, mucin from the urethral glands, and desquamated epithelial cells.<ref>{{REFjournal
 
 
  |last=Parkash
 
  |last=Parkash
−
  |first=S.
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  |init=S
 
  |etal=yes
 
  |etal=yes
 
  |title=Sub-Preputial Wetness - Its Nature
 
  |title=Sub-Preputial Wetness - Its Nature
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  |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/prakash/
 
  |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/prakash/
 
  |accessdate=2019-10-16
 
  |accessdate=2019-10-16
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}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
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}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Hyman
 
  |last=Hyman
−
  |first=A.B.
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  |init=AB
 
  |last2=Brownstein
 
  |last2=Brownstein
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  |first2=M.H.
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  |init2=MH
 
  |title=Tyson's <q>Glands</q>
 
  |title=Tyson's <q>Glands</q>
 
  |journal=Archives of Dermatology
 
  |journal=Archives of Dermatology
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  |url=
 
  |url=
 
  |accessdate=2019-10-16
 
  |accessdate=2019-10-16
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}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
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}}</ref> Smegma is not "filth". It is natural, normal, benign, harmless, and beneficial.<ref name="vanhowe2006">{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Van Howe
 
  |last=Van Howe
−
  |first=R.S.
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  |init=RS
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  |author-link=Robert Van Howe
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  |author-link=Robert S. Van Howe
 
  |last2=Hodges
 
  |last2=Hodges
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  |first2=F.M.
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  |init2=FM
 
  |author2-link=Frederick M. Hodges
 
  |author2-link=Frederick M. Hodges
 
  |title=The carcinogenicity of smegma: debunking a myth
 
  |title=The carcinogenicity of smegma: debunking a myth
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}}</ref>  
 
}}</ref>  
  
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Intact adult males who wash their penis and glans daily with clean water usually do not have smegma between the inner foreskin and glans.  
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[[Intact]] adult males who wash their [[penis]] and [[glans]] periodically with clean water usually do not have smegma between the inner foreskin and glans. In infants and boys whose [[foreskin]] cannot yet be pulled back (natural [[phimosis]]), smegma doesn't matter, while the [[foreskin]] protects the glans. The illustration "Smegma on a human penis" is therefore not typical for [[intact]] men who wash their genitals regularly. Hardened smegma accumulations may be softened by soaking with vegetable oil.
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Excessive washing and the use of soap inside the [[foreskin]] should be avoided, because soap removes the [[skin]] oil so it can cause non-specific dermatitis that may be mistaken for [[balanitis]].<ref name="birley1933">{{REFjournal
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|last=Birley
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|init=HDL
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|author-link=
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|last2=Walker
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|init2=MM
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|author2-link=
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|last3=Luzzi
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|init3=GA
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|author3-link=
 +
|last4=Bell
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|init4=R
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|author4-link=
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|etal=no
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|title=Clinical Features and management of recurrent
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balanitis; association with atopy and genital
 +
washing
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|trans-title=
 +
|language=
 +
|journal=Genitourin Med
 +
|location=
 +
|date=1993-10
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|volume=69
 +
|issue=5
 +
|pages=400-3
 +
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/
 +
|quote=
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|pubmedID=8244363
 +
|pubmedCID=1195128
 +
|DOI=10.1136/sti.69.5.400
 +
|accessdate=2020-02-28
 +
}}</ref>
 +
==Beneficial aspects of smegma==
 +
 
 +
Smegma contains natural [[skin]] oils that are beneficial to the health of the [[mucosa]] that covers the [[glans penis]] and the inside of the [[foreskin]]. The oil also has lubricating advantages.<ref>{{REFjournal
 +
|last=Wright
 +
|first=Joyce
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|init=J
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|author-link=
 +
|title=How smegma serves the penis
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|journal=Sexology
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|date=1970-09
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|volume=37
 +
|issue=2
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|pages=50-3
 +
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/wright1/
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|accessdate=2020-06-21
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}}</ref>
  
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== Smegma was believed to be carcinogenic ==
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Smegma is usually washed away for cosmetic reasons. Excessive washing and use of soap inside the [[foreskin]] should be avoided.<ref name="birley1933" />
  
−
Circumcision advocates of the past who alleged a relationship between "lack of circumcision" and genital cancers formerly implicated smegma or smegma-borne pathogens as the causative agent. Only two histologic studies of human smegma have ever been conducted, both of which found it to be perfectly harmless.
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== Smegma was falsely claimed to be carcinogenic ==
  
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The hypothesis that human male smegma is carcinogenic was first formulated in 1932 by circumcision promoter Abraham L. Wolbarst, M.D.<ref>{{REFjournal
+
Circumcision promoters of the past who alleged a relationship between "lack of circumcision" and genital cancers formerly implicated smegma or smegma-borne pathogens as the causative agent. Only two histologic studies of human smegma have ever been conducted, both of which found it to be perfectly harmless.
−
|last=Wolbarst
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−
|first=A.L.
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The hypothesis that human male smegma is carcinogenic was first formulated in 1932 by circumcision promoter [[Abraham L. Wolbarst]], {{MD}}<ref>{{Wolbarst1932}}</ref> Wolbarst also believed that circumcision prevented epilepsy. (In the early part of the 20th Century, the paroxysm of [[masturbation]] in children was often misidentified as an epileptic seizure.) He wrote: "[Circumcision] diminishes the tendency to [[masturbation]], convulsions and other reflex phenomena of local irritation."
−
|author-link=Abraham L. Wolbarst
 
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|title=Circumcision and Penile Cancer
 
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|journal=The Lancet
 
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|date=1932-01-16
 
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|volume=1
 
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|issue=5655
 
−
|pages=150-153
 
−
|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(01)24346-3/fulltext
 
−
|DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)24346-3
 
−
|accessdate=2019-10-16
 
−
}}</ref> Wolbarst also believed that circumcision prevented epilepsy. (In the early part of the 20th Century, the paroxysm of [[masturbation]] in children was often misidentified as an epileptic seizure.) He wrote: "[Circumcision] diminishes the tendency to [[masturbation]], convulsions and other reflex phenomena of local irritation."
 
  
 
No laboratory or clinical research had been done on the subject at the time. Regardless, Wolbarst's hypothesis about smegma and cancer found its way into early medical textbooks. In the 1950s a few experiments were done to test the hypothesis by injecting horse smegma into wounds made in the backs of mice. There were clinical studies that attempted to induce cancer by introducing smegma subcutaneously and intravaginally: No carcinomas could be induced.
 
No laboratory or clinical research had been done on the subject at the time. Regardless, Wolbarst's hypothesis about smegma and cancer found its way into early medical textbooks. In the 1950s a few experiments were done to test the hypothesis by injecting horse smegma into wounds made in the backs of mice. There were clinical studies that attempted to induce cancer by introducing smegma subcutaneously and intravaginally: No carcinomas could be induced.
  
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The smegma hypothesis was finally disproven by an exhaustive study by Reddy in 1963.<ref>{{REFjournal
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The smegma hypothesis was finally disproven by an exhaustive study by Reddy in 1963.<ref name="reddy1963">{{REFjournal
 
  |last=Reddy
 
  |last=Reddy
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  |first=D.G.
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  |init=DG
 
  |last2=Baruah
 
  |last2=Baruah
−
  |first2=I.K.
+
  |init2=IK
 
  |title=Carcinogenic action of human smegma
 
  |title=Carcinogenic action of human smegma
 
  |journal=Archives of Pathology
 
  |journal=Archives of Pathology
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}}</ref> His results were: "The conviction that human smegma is a carcinogen could not be substantiated."
 
}}</ref> His results were: "The conviction that human smegma is a carcinogen could not be substantiated."
  
−
See also [[penile cancer]] and [[cervical cancer]].
+
[[Robert S. Van Howe|Van Howe]] & Hodges (2006) concluded: "The purpose of the scientific method is to distinguish between wishful thinking, strongly held opinion, and provable fact. The smegma theory of disease, which began as wishful thinking on the part of circumcision zealots such as [[Abraham L. Wolbarst|Abraham Wolbarst]] and [[Abraham Ravich]], has evolved into irrefutable dogma, but as modern physicians, we need to recognize that, until proved otherwise, smegma is harmless."<ref name="vanhowe2006" />
  
 +
==Video==
 +
<br>
 +
* <youtube>v=Do_inwgYR6E</youtube>
 +
{{SEEALSO}}
 +
* [[Cervical cancer]]
 +
* [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]
 +
* [[Penile cancer]]
 +
* [[Penis]]
 +
* [[Preputial sac]]
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{{LINKS}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://www.medicaldaily.com/just-what-smegma-and-why-does-it-make-us-cringe-334414
 +
|title=Just What Is Smegma And Why Does It Make Us Cringe?
 +
|last=Cara
 +
|first=Ed
 +
|init=
 +
|publisher=Medical Daily
 +
|date=2015-05-21
 +
|accessdate=2022-11-19
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=http://www.yourwholebody.org/smegma-101
 +
|title=Smegma 101
 +
|last=
 +
|first=
 +
|publisher=Your Whole Body
 +
|accessdate=2020-06-20
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://genitalwholeness.wordpress.com/article/the-foreskin-causes-cancer-myth-2y9nanfagw8nr-20/
 +
|archived=
 +
|title=The “foreskin causes cancer” myth
 +
|trans-title=
 +
|language=English
 +
|last=Hill
 +
|first=George
 +
|author-link=George Hill
 +
|publisher=genitalwholeness
 +
|website=Wordpress
 +
|date=2008-11-09
 +
|accessdate=2020-12-06
 +
|format=
 +
|quote=Circumcision alters human behavior.  Many males who originate in circumcising cultures, and who are likely to be circumcised, have special emotional issues. [[Circumcised doctors]], therefore, tend to behave differently from normal doctors. Those who become doctors may use junk science to promote male circumcision. The myth of cancer protection by circumcision continues to be a favourite claim of such doctors.
 +
}}
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320514
 +
|title=How do you clean out smegma?
 +
|website=MedicalNewsToday
 +
|last=Smith
 +
|first=Lori
 +
|date=2018-01-06
 +
|accessdate=2021-01-19
 +
}}
 +
NSFW
 +
* {{REFweb
 +
|title=Smegma
 +
|url=http://www.foreskin.org/smegma.htm
 +
|archived=
 +
|trans-title=
 +
|language=
 +
|last=Erickson
 +
|first=John
 +
|init=
 +
|author-link=John A. Erickson
 +
|publisher=
 +
|website=http://www.foreskin.org
 +
|date=
 +
|accessdate=2022-08-29
 +
|format=
 +
}}
 +
 +
{{ABBR}}
 
{{REF}}
 
{{REF}}
 +
 +
[[Category:Education]]
 +
[[Category:Physiology]]
  
 
[[Category:From Intactipedia]]
 
[[Category:From Intactipedia]]

Latest revision as of 02:13, 29 December 2023

IntactiWikiGraphicWarning.png

Smegma on a human penis.
Smegma on a human vulva.

Smegma is the name given to a flaky material that accumulates underneath the foreskin in males, and underneath the clitoral hood and within the labial folds in females. In males, it is composed of secretions of ectopic sebaceous glands in the foreskin, mixed with secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles, mucin from the urethral glands, and desquamated epithelial cells.[1] [2] Smegma is not "filth". It is natural, normal, benign, harmless, and beneficial.[3]

Intact adult males who wash their penis and glans periodically with clean water usually do not have smegma between the inner foreskin and glans. In infants and boys whose foreskin cannot yet be pulled back (natural phimosis), smegma doesn't matter, while the foreskin protects the glans. The illustration "Smegma on a human penis" is therefore not typical for intact men who wash their genitals regularly. Hardened smegma accumulations may be softened by soaking with vegetable oil.

Excessive washing and the use of soap inside the foreskin should be avoided, because soap removes the skin oil so it can cause non-specific dermatitis that may be mistaken for balanitis.[4]

Beneficial aspects of smegma

Smegma contains natural skin oils that are beneficial to the health of the mucosa that covers the glans penis and the inside of the foreskin. The oil also has lubricating advantages.[5]

Smegma is usually washed away for cosmetic reasons. Excessive washing and use of soap inside the foreskin should be avoided.[4]

Smegma was falsely claimed to be carcinogenic

Circumcision promoters of the past who alleged a relationship between "lack of circumcision" and genital cancers formerly implicated smegma or smegma-borne pathogens as the causative agent. Only two histologic studies of human smegma have ever been conducted, both of which found it to be perfectly harmless.

The hypothesis that human male smegma is carcinogenic was first formulated in 1932 by circumcision promoter Abraham L. Wolbarst, M.D.[a 1][6] Wolbarst also believed that circumcision prevented epilepsy. (In the early part of the 20th Century, the paroxysm of masturbation in children was often misidentified as an epileptic seizure.) He wrote: "[Circumcision] diminishes the tendency to masturbation, convulsions and other reflex phenomena of local irritation."

No laboratory or clinical research had been done on the subject at the time. Regardless, Wolbarst's hypothesis about smegma and cancer found its way into early medical textbooks. In the 1950s a few experiments were done to test the hypothesis by injecting horse smegma into wounds made in the backs of mice. There were clinical studies that attempted to induce cancer by introducing smegma subcutaneously and intravaginally: No carcinomas could be induced.

The smegma hypothesis was finally disproven by an exhaustive study by Reddy in 1963.[7] His results were: "The conviction that human smegma is a carcinogen could not be substantiated."

Van Howe & Hodges (2006) concluded: "The purpose of the scientific method is to distinguish between wishful thinking, strongly held opinion, and provable fact. The smegma theory of disease, which began as wishful thinking on the part of circumcision zealots such as Abraham Wolbarst and Abraham Ravich, has evolved into irrefutable dogma, but as modern physicians, we need to recognize that, until proved otherwise, smegma is harmless."[3]

Video


See also

External links

  • REFweb Cara, Ed (21 May 2015). Just What Is Smegma And Why Does It Make Us Cringe?, Medical Daily. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  • REFweb Smegma 101, Your Whole Body. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  • REFweb Hill, George (9 November 2008). The “foreskin causes cancer” myth, Wordpress, genitalwholeness. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
    Quote: Circumcision alters human behavior. Many males who originate in circumcising cultures, and who are likely to be circumcised, have special emotional issues. Circumcised doctors, therefore, tend to behave differently from normal doctors. Those who become doctors may use junk science to promote male circumcision. The myth of cancer protection by circumcision continues to be a favourite claim of such doctors.
  • REFweb Smith, Lori (6 January 2018). How do you clean out smegma?, MedicalNewsToday. Retrieved 19 January 2021.

NSFW

Abbreviations

  1. ↑ REFweb Doctor of Medicine, Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2021. In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries, the abbreviation MD is common.

References

  1. ↑ REFjournal Parkash S, et al. Sub-Preputial Wetness - Its Nature. Ann Nat Med Sci (India). 1982; 18(3): 109-112. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  2. ↑ REFjournal Hyman AB, Brownstein MH. Tyson's Glands. Archives of Dermatology. January 1969; 99(1): 31-37. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  3. ↑ a b REFjournal Van Howe RS, Hodges FM. The carcinogenicity of smegma: debunking a myth. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006; 20(9): 1046. DOI. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  4. ↑ a b REFjournal Birley HDL, Walker MM, Luzzi GA, Bell R. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195128/ Clinical Features and management of recurrent balanitis; association with atopy and genital washing]. Genitourin Med. October 1993; 69(5): 400-3. PMID. PMC. DOI. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  5. ↑ REFjournal Wright J. How smegma serves the penis. Sexology. September 1970; 37(2): 50-3. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  6. ↑ REFjournal Wolbarst AL. Circumcision and penile cancer. Lancet. 16 January 1932; 1(5655): 150-3. DOI. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  7. ↑ REFjournal Reddy DG, Baruah IK. Carcinogenic action of human smegma. Archives of Pathology. April 1963; 75(4): 414-420. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
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