Frenulum: Difference between revisions

A '''frenulum''' (or '''frenum''', plural: '''frenula''' or '''frena''', from the Latin ''frēnulum'', meaning "little bridle") is a small fold of tissue that binds movable structures to non-movable structures in the body. In the human body, examples of frenula include the frenulum linguae, under the tongue, the frenulum labii superioris inside the upper lip, and the ''frenulum labii inferioris'' inside the lower lip. The word ''frenulum'' on its own is often used for the frenulum in the human penis, which is an elastic band of tissue under the [[glans penis]] that connects to the [[foreskin]] to the vernal mucosa, and helps contract the prepuce over the glans. This is sometimes colloquially known as the "banjo string".

The frenular artery passes though the frenulum.

The frenulum and the associated tissue delta on the underside of the [[penis]] below the corona has been described in sexuality textbooks as "very reactive" and "particularly responsive to touch that is light and soft."  The “underside of the shaft of the penis, meaning the body below the corona” is a “source of distinct pleasure.”<ref name="hass1993">{{REFbook

}}</ref> Crooks and Baur observe that two extremely sensitive specific locations that many men find particularly responsive to stimulation are the corona, and the frenulum.<ref name="crooks1993">{{REFbook

  |pages=129

}}</ref> Repeated stimulation of this structure will cause orgasm and ejaculation in some men. In men with spinal cord injury preventing sensations from reaching the brain, for example, the frenulum just below the glans can be stimulated to produce orgasm and peri-ejaculatory response.<ref>{{REFweb

  | last=Pryor  

  | first=JL

  | coauthors=Leroy, Nagel, Hensleigh

  | title=Vibratory stimulation for treatment of anejaculation in quadriplegic men

  | journal=Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

  | volume=76

  | issue=1

  | pages=59-64

  | url=

  | quote=

  | pubmedID=7811177

  | pubmedCID=

  | DOI=10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80044-1

  | date=1995

  | accessdate=

[[Frenulum breve]] is a condition in which the frenulum is short and restricts the movement of the foreskin, which may or may not interfere with normal sexual activity. Frenulum breve may be treated by manually expanding the shaft skin by stretching. The condition may also be treated by frenuloplasty, or frenectomy. Frenulum breve may contribute to frenular chordee, where the glans is pulled toward the vernal body of the penis.  

It is possible for the frenulum to tear during sexual activities. The frenular artery, a branch of the dorsal artery, may be severed, causing significant bleeding.

In the event of [[frenulum breve]] or frenular chordee, or to ensure that the glans can be freely and completely exposed, the frenulum may be partially or totally removed. It is also often removed in a [[circumcision]].<ref name="Griffin-Kroovand1990">{{REFjournal

  |last=Griffin AS, Kroovand RL

  |first=

  |coauthors=

  |coauthors=Herschel, M.; Bartman, T.; Andersson, C.; Bailis, S.A.; Shechet, R.J.; Tanenbaum, B.; Kunin, S.A.; Hodges, F.M.; Fleiss, P.M.; Antonopoulos, J.; Rockney, R.; Taylor, A.; Stang, H.; Snellman, L.; Fontaine, P.; Condon, L.M.; Lannon, C.M.

  |title=Circumcision—The Debates Goes On

  |url=

}}</ref><ref>{{REFweb

  |url=http://med.stanford.edu/newborns/professional-education/circumcision.html

  |title=Neonatal Circumcision: An Audiovisual Primer

  |last=

  |first=

  |publisher=Stanford School of Medicine

  |website=

  |date=

Rarely, boys are born without a frenulum. This condition causes no issues and permits unusually full retraction of the foreskin.

It may be missing in men who were circumcised at birth, as it is often crushed and cut away, or broken during infant circumcision. Men who are circumcised as adults may specify whether or not they wish to preserve their frenulum. The frenulum was reported to be cut in 26.7%, 20%, and 33.33% of circumcised patients in various surveys.<ref name="pmid2305537">{{REFjournal

| last=Griffin

| pages=133-4

| DOI=10.1016/0090-4295(90)80060-Z

}}</ref><ref>http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/105/3/681.pdf#search=%22%20Frenular%20chordee%22</ref>  

Some men choose to have the frenulum removed as a form treatment for [[frenulum breve]], a condition in which the frenulum of the penis is short and restricts the movement of the prepuce, which may or may not interfere with normal sexual activity. Yet, others may choose to have the frenulum removed purely out of cosmetic reasons.

Comparison of an intact frenulum vs. the frenulum remnant on a circumcised penis. Image used with permission of artist.

  |last=Ken

  |first=McGrath

  |editor=Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos MF