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'''Internet parental circumcision information''' started to become available in the late 1990s. [[Intactivists]] realized that accurate unbiased information about [[circumcision]], the [[foreskin]], and other matters could be presented directly to the public without being filtered through editorial [[bias]], so they quickly moved to take advantage of this new channel of communication. | '''Internet parental circumcision information''' started to become available in the late 1990s. [[Intactivists]] realized that accurate unbiased information about [[circumcision]], the [[foreskin]], and other matters could be presented directly to the public without being filtered through editorial [[bias]], so they quickly moved to take advantage of this new channel of communication. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
− | [[Geoffrey T. Falk]], when still a graduate student, used his technical knowledge to create the Circumcision Information and Resource Pages ([[CIRP]]), while [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], | + | [[Geoffrey T. Falk]], when still a graduate student (1996), used his technical knowledge to create the Circumcision Information and Resource Pages ([[CIRP]]), while [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, created a website for the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers ([[NOCIRC]]). [[George C. Denniston]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, created a website for [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]]. |
+ | |||
+ | [[Intactivists]], both in the United States and other nations, have since created additional websites, so there now is a profusion of readily available information regarding male circumcision. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comprehensive [[:Category:Database|Internet databases]] on the subject of [[circumcision]] are now also available. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Australia== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy]] (AIGA) was founded by the late [[Paul Mason]] to apply principles of [[human rights]] to the practice of child genital cutting in Australasia, so as to advance the Genital Autonomy in Australasia. The AIGA provides information for parents. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Circumcision Information Australia=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Circumcision Info Australia|Circumcision Information Australia]], created by Dr [[George L. Williams]], M.B., a {{AUSC|NSW}} paediatrician, and Shane Peterson, {{PhD}}, maintains an extensive website with extensive information on every aspect of non-therapeutic child circumcision for parents in [[Australia]] and elsewhere. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://www.circinfo.org/ Circumcision Information Australia] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Intact Australia=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Alicia Bennetts]] created [[Intact Australia]] in 2012 to provide information to parents in [[Australia]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Canada== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Circumcision Information and Resource Pages=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[CIRP|Circumcision Information and Resource Pages]] were created by [[Geoffrey T. Falk]] in 1996. There are two parts. The first part provides information for parents while the second part, which is called the Circumcision Reference Library, contains medical, legal, ethical, and [[human rights]] material. Many other websites have linked to the important documents in the Library. The website is now in repose and has not been updated since 2013. So the most recent material is not available there. Falk has assigned control of the website to the [[Children's Health and Human Rights Partnership]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://www.cirp.org Circumcision Information and Resource Pages] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Children's Health & Human Rights Partnership=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Kira Antinuk]] is the Executive Director of the [[Children’s Health & Human Rights Partnership]] (CHHRP), where Dr. [[Christopher Guest]] is the medical director. CHHRP provides extensive information regarding [[circumcision]] in [[Canada]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://chhrp.org/ Children's Health & Human Rights Partnership] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==France== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Géraldine Claise=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=https://www.geraldineclaise.fr/2020/06/27/circoncision-2/ | ||
+ | |title=Circoncision | ||
+ | |last=Claise | ||
+ | |first=Géraldine | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-09-06 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Germany== | ||
− | + | The German word for circumcision is ''Beschneidung''. The word for foreskin is ''Vorhaut''. Germans are strongly opposed to non-therapeutic circumcision of children. | |
+ | |||
+ | ===beschneidungsforum.de=== | ||
+ | [[beschneidungsforum.de]] provides information about circumcision in Germany. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=https://www.beschneidungsforum.de/index.php | ||
+ | |title=Beschneidungsforum.de | ||
+ | |last= | ||
+ | |first= | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-07-08 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Facharbeitskreis Beschneidungsbetroffener=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Facharbeitskreis Beschneidungsbetroffener]] opposes non-therapeutic circumcision of children. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://die-betroffenen.de/ MOGIS e. v.] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Forum Männer=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Forum Männer]] opposes non-therapeutic circumcision of children. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://forummaenner1.wordpress.com/ Forum Männer] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===GanzKindSein=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[GanzKindSein]] is an initiative of [[intactivist]] [[Funda Celik]], to provide information to parents. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=https://www.ganzkindsein.com/ | ||
+ | |title=GanzKindSein | ||
+ | |last=Celik | ||
+ | |first=Funda | ||
+ | |date=2019 | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-09-08 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Initiative gegen Gewalt und sexuellen Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Initiative gegen Gewalt und sexuellen Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen]] seeks to prevent sexual and physical violence against children and youth. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{URLwebsite|http://www.initiative-gegen-gewalt.de/htmls/frame01.htm/|2020-09-08}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===MOGiS e.V.=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[MOGiS e.V.]] works to protect children from sexual abuse and other issues in Germany. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://mogis.info/ MOGiS e.V. Startseite ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Mexico== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica en Salud=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=http://www.circumstitions.com/Docs/mexico-sp.pdf | ||
+ | |title=Circuncisión | ||
+ | |last= | ||
+ | |first= | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-06-20 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==New Zealand== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Circumstitions=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Hugh Young]] operates the [[Circumstitions - The Intactivism Pages]] in [[New Zealand]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://www.circumstitions.com/ The Intactivism Pages] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==United Kingdom== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===15Squarə=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | 15Square offers information in the United Kingdom. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://15square.org.uk/ 15Square] | ||
+ | |||
==United States== | ==United States== | ||
Line 15: | Line 140: | ||
===National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers=== | ===National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers=== | ||
− | [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], | + | [[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, organized the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC) in 1985, before the Internet was available. Information was placed in a series of leaflets that were mailed to people who requested information. Those leaflets were printed on two sides of a single sheet of letter-size paper in landscape mode. Those leaflets are available today in downloadable PDF files from which leaflets can be created by printing the two pages on opposite sides of one sheet of paper and folded into thirds to create six panels. |
The text is also available in HTML files that may be viewed on the website. | The text is also available in HTML files that may be viewed on the website. | ||
Line 25: | Line 150: | ||
NOCIRC's name was changed to [[Genital Autonomy America]] in 2016, but the old website remains available with information that remains accurate, useful, and helpful. | NOCIRC's name was changed to [[Genital Autonomy America]] in 2016, but the old website remains available with information that remains accurate, useful, and helpful. | ||
− | ===Doctors Opposing Circumcision=== | + | ===National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males=== |
+ | |||
+ | The website of the National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males (NOHARMM) was created by [[Tim Hammond]] in 1992. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://www.noharmm.org/ NOHARMM] | ||
+ | |||
+ | === [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] === | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{UNI|University of Washington|UW}} [https://medicine.uw.edu/ School of Medicine] Professor [[George C. Denniston]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, founded [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] in 1995. DOC published a very comprehensive 12-chapter, 64-page ''Genital Integrity Policy'' on its website in 2008. That policy statement remained on the DOC website until 2016. At that time DOC redesigned and updated its website. The Genital Integrity Policy was relocated to the Research Hub website where it resides today. It continues to be of interest to parents who are concerned about a son's genital integrity. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFdocument | ||
+ | |title=Genital Integrity Policy Statement | ||
+ | |url=https://www.i2researchhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/GenitalIntegrityStatement.pdf | ||
+ | |contribution=Medical Ethics and the Circumcision of Children | ||
+ | |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] | ||
+ | |format=PDF | ||
+ | |date=2008-06 | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-08-31 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | The new DOC website provides significant information to concerned parents in the Parents section: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Reasons to keep your son whole. | ||
+ | * Care of the intact penis. | ||
+ | * Frequently asked questions. | ||
+ | * Wrongful foreskin retraction. | ||
+ | * Find a foreskin-friendly doctor. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-parents/ | ||
+ | |title=Information for parents | ||
+ | |last= | ||
+ | |first= | ||
+ | |date=2016 | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-08-21 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Circumcision Resource Center=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[Circumcision Resource Center]] was founded in 1991 by [[Ronald Goldman]], {{PhD}}. The website of the Circumcision Resource Center provides information to parents with some emphasis on psychological issues. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://circumcision.org Circumcision Resource Center] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Mothers Against Circumcision=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Mothers Against Circumcision]] was founded by Mary G. Ray in 1997 to provide circumcision information to parents. The website is large and has many resources and links to information on many facets of infant non-therapeutic circumcision. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/ Mothers Against Circumcision] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Peaceful Parenting=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Dr. Momma - peaceful parenting| Peaceful Parenting]] provides excellent information on the care of babies and young children. It includes excellent information regarding non-therapeutic male circumcision and the care of the intact penis. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=http://www.drmomma.org/ | ||
+ | |title=Peaceful Parenting | ||
+ | |last= | ||
+ | |first= | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-09-06 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Intact America=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Intact America]] was founded by [[Georganne Chapin]], M. Phil., J. D., at Tarrytown, New York to providing information to parents to help them resist the pressure tactics of the circumcision industry. Intact America's website provides an abundance of information of interest to parents: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=https://intactamerica.org/ | ||
+ | |title=Intact America | ||
+ | |last= | ||
+ | |first= | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-08-31 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Moreover, Intact America operates a companion website, called ''The Circumcision Debate'', that provides additional information to parents: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=http://circumcisiondebate.org/ | ||
+ | |title=The Circumcision Debate | ||
+ | |last= | ||
+ | |first= | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-08-31 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Your Whole Baby=== | ||
+ | [[Your Whole Baby]], founded by [[Jen Williams]] in December 2014, provides a great variety of excellent information for parents regarding child circumcision. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=http://www.yourwholebaby.org | ||
+ | |archived= | ||
+ | |title=Your Whole Baby | ||
+ | |last=Williams | ||
+ | |first=Jen | ||
+ | |author-link= | ||
+ | |publisher= | ||
+ | |website=Your Whole Baby | ||
+ | |date=2014-12 | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-08-31 | ||
+ | |format= | ||
+ | |quote= | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Genital Autonomy America=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Genital Autonomy America]] is the new name of the former National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC), starting in January 2016. | ||
+ | |||
+ | It has a new website with a resource page with links to sources of information of interest to parents. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=http://www.gaamerica.org/resources/ | ||
+ | |title=Resources | ||
+ | |last= | ||
+ | |first= | ||
+ | |date=2016-01 | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-08-31 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Saving Our Sons=== | ||
− | + | [[Saving Our Sons (SoS)| Saving Our Sons]] operates a large website with an abundance of information for parents regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys. | |
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=http://www.savingsons.org/ | ||
+ | |title=Saving Our Sons | ||
+ | |last= | ||
+ | |first= | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-09-06 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | ===Catholics Against Circumcision=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Catholics Against Circumcision]] was founded by Mrs. [[Petrina Fadel]] to provide the Roman Catholic teaching regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys to Catholic parents and others. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [http://www.catholicsagainstcircumcision.org/ Catholics Against Circumcision] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Jewish Circumcision Resource Center=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Jewish Circumcision Resource Center was created by [[Ronald Goldman]] to address the needs and concerns of Jewish parents regarding non-therapeutic male circumcision. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * {{REFweb | ||
+ | |url=https://www.jewishcircumcision.org/ | ||
+ | |title=Jewish Circumcision Resource Center | ||
+ | |last= | ||
+ | |first= | ||
+ | |accessdate=2020-09-06 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ABBR}} | ||
+ | {{REF}} | ||
[[Category:Parental information]] | [[Category:Parental information]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[de:Internet-Informationen für Eltern zur Beschneidung]] |
Latest revision as of 14:58, 10 December 2022
Internet parental circumcision information started to become available in the late 1990s. Intactivists realized that accurate unbiased information about circumcision, the foreskin, and other matters could be presented directly to the public without being filtered through editorial bias, so they quickly moved to take advantage of this new channel of communication.
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Australia
- 3 Canada
- 4 France
- 5 Germany
- 6 Mexico
- 7 New Zealand
- 8 United Kingdom
- 9 United States
- 9.1 National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers
- 9.2 National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males
- 9.3 Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)
- 9.4 Circumcision Resource Center
- 9.5 Mothers Against Circumcision
- 9.6 Peaceful Parenting
- 9.7 Intact America
- 9.8 Your Whole Baby
- 9.9 Genital Autonomy America
- 9.10 Saving Our Sons
- 9.11 Catholics Against Circumcision
- 9.12 Jewish Circumcision Resource Center
- 10 Abbreviations
- 11 References
History
Geoffrey T. Falk, when still a graduate student (1996), used his technical knowledge to create the Circumcision Information and Resource Pages (CIRP), while Marilyn Fayre Milos, RN[a 1], created a website for the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC). George C. Denniston, M.D.[a 2], M.P.H.[a 3], created a website for Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.).
Intactivists, both in the United States and other nations, have since created additional websites, so there now is a profusion of readily available information regarding male circumcision.
Comprehensive Internet databases on the subject of circumcision are now also available.
Australia
Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy
The Australasian Institute for Genital Autonomy (AIGA) was founded by the late Paul Mason to apply principles of human rights to the practice of child genital cutting in Australasia, so as to advance the Genital Autonomy in Australasia. The AIGA provides information for parents.
Circumcision Information Australia
Circumcision Information Australia, created by Dr George L. Williams, M.B., a NSW paediatrician, and Shane Peterson, Ph.D.[a 4], maintains an extensive website with extensive information on every aspect of non-therapeutic child circumcision for parents in Australia and elsewhere.
Intact Australia
Alicia Bennetts created Intact Australia in 2012 to provide information to parents in Australia.
Canada
Circumcision Information and Resource Pages
The Circumcision Information and Resource Pages were created by Geoffrey T. Falk in 1996. There are two parts. The first part provides information for parents while the second part, which is called the Circumcision Reference Library, contains medical, legal, ethical, and human rights material. Many other websites have linked to the important documents in the Library. The website is now in repose and has not been updated since 2013. So the most recent material is not available there. Falk has assigned control of the website to the Children's Health and Human Rights Partnership.
Children's Health & Human Rights Partnership
Kira Antinuk is the Executive Director of the Children’s Health & Human Rights Partnership (CHHRP), where Dr. Christopher Guest is the medical director. CHHRP provides extensive information regarding circumcision in Canada.
France
Géraldine Claise
- Claise, Géraldine.
Circoncision
. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
Germany
The German word for circumcision is Beschneidung. The word for foreskin is Vorhaut. Germans are strongly opposed to non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
beschneidungsforum.de
beschneidungsforum.de provides information about circumcision in Germany.
-
Beschneidungsforum.de
. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
Facharbeitskreis Beschneidungsbetroffener
Facharbeitskreis Beschneidungsbetroffener opposes non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
Forum Männer
Forum Männer opposes non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
GanzKindSein
GanzKindSein is an initiative of intactivist Funda Celik, to provide information to parents.
- Celik, Funda (2019).
GanzKindSein
. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
Initiative gegen Gewalt und sexuellen Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen
Initiative gegen Gewalt und sexuellen Missbrauch an Kindern und Jugendlichen seeks to prevent sexual and physical violence against children and youth.
- Official website. Retrieved 8 September 2020
MOGiS e.V.
MOGiS e.V. works to protect children from sexual abuse and other issues in Germany.
Mexico
Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica en Salud
-
Circuncisión
. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
New Zealand
Circumstitions
Hugh Young operates the Circumstitions - The Intactivism Pages in New Zealand.
United Kingdom
15Squarə
15Square offers information in the United Kingdom.
United States
The United States has the highest incidence of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic child circumcision, so it has the most intensive efforts to reform the practice.
National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers
Marilyn Fayre Milos, RN[a 1], organized the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC) in 1985, before the Internet was available. Information was placed in a series of leaflets that were mailed to people who requested information. Those leaflets were printed on two sides of a single sheet of letter-size paper in landscape mode. Those leaflets are available today in downloadable PDF files from which leaflets can be created by printing the two pages on opposite sides of one sheet of paper and folded into thirds to create six panels.
The text is also available in HTML files that may be viewed on the website.
Newsletters from 1991 forward through 2016 are also available.
NOCIRC's name was changed to Genital Autonomy America in 2016, but the old website remains available with information that remains accurate, useful, and helpful.
National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males
The website of the National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males (NOHARMM) was created by Tim Hammond in 1992.
Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)
University of Washington School of Medicine Professor George C. Denniston, M.D.[a 2], M.P.H.[a 3], founded Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.) in 1995. DOC published a very comprehensive 12-chapter, 64-page Genital Integrity Policy on its website in 2008. That policy statement remained on the DOC website until 2016. At that time DOC redesigned and updated its website. The Genital Integrity Policy was relocated to the Research Hub website where it resides today. It continues to be of interest to parents who are concerned about a son's genital integrity.
- Genital Integrity Policy Statement , Contribution:
Medical Ethics and the Circumcision of Children
, Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.). (June 2008). Retrieved 31 August 2020.
The new DOC website provides significant information to concerned parents in the Parents section:
- Reasons to keep your son whole.
- Care of the intact penis.
- Frequently asked questions.
- Wrongful foreskin retraction.
- Find a foreskin-friendly doctor.
- (2016).
Information for parents
. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
Circumcision Resource Center
The Circumcision Resource Center was founded in 1991 by Ronald Goldman, Ph.D.[a 4]. The website of the Circumcision Resource Center provides information to parents with some emphasis on psychological issues.
Mothers Against Circumcision
Mothers Against Circumcision was founded by Mary G. Ray in 1997 to provide circumcision information to parents. The website is large and has many resources and links to information on many facets of infant non-therapeutic circumcision.
Peaceful Parenting
Peaceful Parenting provides excellent information on the care of babies and young children. It includes excellent information regarding non-therapeutic male circumcision and the care of the intact penis.
-
Peaceful Parenting
. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
Intact America
Intact America was founded by Georganne Chapin, M. Phil., J. D., at Tarrytown, New York to providing information to parents to help them resist the pressure tactics of the circumcision industry. Intact America's website provides an abundance of information of interest to parents:
-
Intact America
. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
Moreover, Intact America operates a companion website, called The Circumcision Debate, that provides additional information to parents:
-
The Circumcision Debate
. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
Your Whole Baby
Your Whole Baby, founded by Jen Williams in December 2014, provides a great variety of excellent information for parents regarding child circumcision.
- Williams, Jen (December 2014).
Your Whole Baby
, Your Whole Baby. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
Genital Autonomy America
Genital Autonomy America is the new name of the former National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC), starting in January 2016.
It has a new website with a resource page with links to sources of information of interest to parents.
- (January 2016).
Resources
. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
Saving Our Sons
Saving Our Sons operates a large website with an abundance of information for parents regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys.
-
Saving Our Sons
. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
Catholics Against Circumcision
Catholics Against Circumcision was founded by Mrs. Petrina Fadel to provide the Roman Catholic teaching regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of boys to Catholic parents and others.
Jewish Circumcision Resource Center
The Jewish Circumcision Resource Center was created by Ronald Goldman to address the needs and concerns of Jewish parents regarding non-therapeutic male circumcision.
-
Jewish Circumcision Resource Center
. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
Abbreviations
- ↑ a b
Registered nurse
, Wikipedia. Retrieved 11 January 2021. - ↑ a b
Doctor of Medicine
, Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2021. In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries, the abbreviation MD is common. - ↑ a b
Master of Public Health or Master of Philosophy in Public Health
, Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2021. - ↑ a b
Doctor of Philosophy
, Wikipedia. Retrieved 16 June 2021. (Also abbreviated as D.Phil.)
References