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[[Image:USAID.png|right|thumb|USAID]]
[[Image:USAID.png|right|thumb|USAID]]
In a February 2009 report produced by '''USAID''', a U.S. government agency, researchers found that circumcised men were more likely to have [[HIV]] in 10 of 18 (African) countries with data available.<ref name='CR22'>{{REFnews
In a February 2009 report produced by '''USAID''', a U.S. government agency, researchers found that [[circumcised]] men were more likely to have [[HIV]] in 10 of 18 (African) countries with data available.<ref name='CR22'>{{REFnews
  |last=USAID
  |last=USAID
  |first=
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


[[PEPFAR]] (2025) has scrapped its ineffective and harmful "voluntary male  medical circumcision" (VMMC) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews
<b>The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) was dissolved on 28 March 2025.</b><ref>{{REFnews
  |title=New PEPFAR Waiver Scraps Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program
  |title=State Department formally shutters USAID after Trump court victory
  |url=https://healthtimes.co.zw/2025/02/07/new-pepfar-waiver-scraps-voluntary-medical-male-circumcision-program/
  |url=https://nypost.com/2025/03/28/us-news/state-department-shutters-usaid-after-trump-court-victory/
  |last=Gwarisa
  |last=Christenson
  |first=Michael
  |first=Josh
  |init=
  |init=
|author-link=
  |publisher=New York Post
  |publisher=Healthtimes
  |website=
  |website=
  |date=2025-02-07
  |date=2025-03-28
  |accessdate=2025-02-15
  |accessdate=2025-04-08
  |format=
  |format=
  |quote=
  |quote=“Foreign assistance done right can advance our national interests, protect our borders, and strengthen our partnerships with key allies. Unfortunately, USAID strayed from its original mission long ago. As a result, the gains were too few and the costs were too high,” Secretary of State Marco Rubio said in a statement.
}}</ref> Numerous studies have demonstrated that [[adult circumcision]] is not effective in preventing [[HIV]] [[infection]].
}}</ref>


[[PEPFAR]] ignominiously ended the provision of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys under age 15 in November 2019 due to significant, complications, injuries, and other abuses.
== Circumcision program termination ==
 
[[PEPFAR]] (2025) has scrapped its ineffective and harmful "voluntary male  medical circumcision" ([[VMMC]]) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews
== Circumcision Scale-Up ==
PEPFAR (2025) has scrapped its ineffective and harmful "voluntary male  medical circumcision" (VMMC) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews
  |title=New PEPFAR Waiver Scraps Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program
  |title=New PEPFAR Waiver Scraps Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program
  |url=https://healthtimes.co.zw/2025/02/07/new-pepfar-waiver-scraps-voluntary-medical-male-circumcision-program/
  |url=https://healthtimes.co.zw/2025/02/07/new-pepfar-waiver-scraps-voluntary-medical-male-circumcision-program/
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}}</ref> Numerous studies have demonstrated that [[adult circumcision]] is not effective in preventing [[HIV]] [[infection]].
}}</ref> Numerous studies have demonstrated that [[adult circumcision]] is not effective in preventing [[HIV]] [[infection]].


PEPFAR ignominiously ended the provision of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys under age 15 in November 2019 due to significant, complications, injuries, and other abuses.
PEPFAR ignominiously ended the provision of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys under age 15 in November 2019 due to significant, [[Complication| complications]], injuries, and other abuses.
USAID has studied the "scale-up" of circumcision in Africa and shows support for circumcision in numerous places on its website.<ref name='usaid-circ-hiv-factsheet'>{{REFweb
|last=
|first=
|date=
|title=Research: Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention
|url=http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/aids/TechAreas/research/mcfactsheet.html
|publisher=USAID
|accessdate=2011-03-24
}}</ref><ref name='usaid-male-circ'>{{REFweb
|last=
|first=
|date=
|title=Male Circumcision
|url=http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/aids/TechAreas/prevention/malecircumcision.html
|publisher=USAID
|accessdate=2011-03-24
}}</ref><ref>{{REFnews
|last=Clark
|first=S.
|first2=I.
|last2=Fua
|url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACS892.pdf
|title=Program and Policy Implications for HIV Prevention and Reproductive Health
|date=2003-05
|publisher=USAID/AIDSMark
|quote=Male Circumcision: Current Epidemiological and Field Evidence
|accessdate=2011-03-24
|place = Washington, D.C.
}}</ref><ref name='usaid-hiv-circ'>{{REFweb
|last=
|first=
|date=
|title=Fighting HIV with Circumcision
|url=http://blog.usaid.gov/2010/12/fighting-hiv-with-circumcision/
|publisher=USAID
|accessdate=2011-03-24
}}</ref>


== Accelerated Saturation Initiative ==
== Accelerated Saturation Initiative ==
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== Voluntary Male Medical Circumcision ==
== Voluntary Male Medical Circumcision ==


USAID's support of what they call the "[[Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision]] program: VMMC" also focused on [[Kenya]].<ref>{{REFweb
USAID's support of what they call the "[[Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision]] program: VMMC" also focused on Kenya.<ref>{{REFweb
  |quote=USAID/Kenya’s [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] program is supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief ([[PEPFAR]]). This five-year, $48 billion program, is led by the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, in conjunction with USAID, the Department of Health and Human Services (including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the Department of Defense (DOD), the U.S. Peace Corps, and the Department of State.
  |quote=USAID/Kenya’s [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] program is supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief ([[PEPFAR]]). This five-year, $48 billion program, is led by the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, in conjunction with USAID, the Department of Health and Human Services (including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the Department of Defense (DOD), the U.S. Peace Corps, and the Department of State.
  |last=
  |last=
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  |url=http://kenya.usaid.gov/programs/health/77
  |url=http://kenya.usaid.gov/programs/health/77
  |accessdate=2011-03-25
  |accessdate=2011-03-25
}}</ref> USAID funded a VMMC based circumcision campaign propaganda video to air on television in South Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref> USAID funded a [[VMMC]] based circumcision campaign propaganda video to air on television in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{REFweb
  |last=
  |last=
  |first=
  |first=
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