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'''Valiere Alcena''', M.D., P.C., M.A.C.P. is a practicing physician, medical scholar, medical educator, author, TV producer and host. He has published several books and made several discoveries. In August 1986, Dr. Valiere Alcena, M.D., M.A.C.P. was the first physician in the world and is credited as the physician who originated the idea that male circumcision would decrease the incidence of HIV/AIDS.<ref>{{REFjournal
'''Valiere Alcena''', ({{LifeData|birth=1934-08-24|birthcountry=Haiti}})<ref>{{REFweb
  | last=Alcena
|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/alcena-valiere-1934
  | first=Valiere
|title=Alcena, Valiere 1934-
  | coauthors=
|website=encyclopedia.com
  | date=October 2006
|accessdate=2020-03-27
  | title=AIDS in Third World Countries
}}</ref>, {{MD}}, P.C., M.A.C.P., a graduate of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, is a practicing physician, medical scholar, medical educator, author, TV producer and host. He has published several books and made several discoveries. In August 1986, Dr. Valiere Alcena was the first physician in the world to be credited as the physician who originated the idea that male [[circumcision]] would decrease the incidence of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]],<ref>{{REFjournal
  | journal=PLoS Medicine
  |last=Alcena
  | volume=
  |first=Valiere
  | issue=
  |init=V
  | pages=[online]
  |date=2006-10
  | url=http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=read-response&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298#r1326
  |title=AIDS in Third World Countries
  | quote=
  |journal=PLoS Medicine
  | DOI=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298#r1326
  |volume=
  | accessdate=
  |issue=
}}</ref> He repeated this idea in two books that were published in 1992, "The Status of Health of Blacks in the United States of Anrerica: A Perspective for Improvement" and "The African American Health Book" and again in "AIDS: The Expanding Epidemic: What the Public Needs to Know: A Multi-Cultural Overview" published in 1994.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |page=[online]
  | last=Alcena
  |url=http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=read-response&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298#r1326
  | first=Valiere
  |quote=
  | coauthors=
  |DOI=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298#r1326
  | date=March 2007
  |accessdate=
  | title=Letter to Infectious Disease News
}}</ref> although he had no evidence to support his speculation.
  | journal=Infectious Disease News
 
  | volume=
He repeated this idea in two books that were published in 1992, ''The Status of Health of Blacks in the United States of America: A Perspective for Improvemenn'' and ''The African American Health Book'' and again in "AIDS: The Expanding Epidemic: What the Public Needs to Know: A Multi-Cultural Overview", published in 1994.<ref>{{REFjournal
  | issue=
  |last=Alcena
  | pages=[online]
  |first=Valiere
  | url=http://www.dralcena.com/resources/Articles.pdf
  |init=V
  | quote=
  |date=2007-03
  | accessdate=
  |title=Letter to Infectious Disease News
  |journal=Infectious Disease News
  |volume=
  |issue=
  |page=[online]
  |url=http://www.dralcena.com/resources/Articles.pdf
  |quote=
  |accessdate=
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


In 1986, California urologist [[Aaron J. Fink| Aaron J. Fink]], (1926-1994) adopted this idea,<ref>{{REFbook
In 1986, California urologist [[Aaron J. Fink]], ({{LifeData|1926|1994}}) adopted this idea,<ref>{{REFbook
  |last=Glick
  |last=Glick
  |first=Leonard
  |first=Leonard B.
|init=LB
  |author-link=Leonard B. Glick  
  |author-link=Leonard B. Glick  
  |year=2005
  |year=2005
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  |volume=
  |volume=
  |chapter=<q>This Little Operation</q>, Jewish American Physicians and Twentieth-Century Circumcision Advocacy
  |chapter=<q>This Little Operation</q>, Jewish American Physicians and Twentieth-Century Circumcision Advocacy
  |pages=206
  |page=206
  |location=New York, New York
  |location=New York, NY
  |publisher=Oxford University Press
  |publisher={{UNI|Oxford University|Oxon}} Press
  |isbn=0-19-517674-X
  |isbn=0-19-517674-X
  |quote=What if circumcision protected against infection with HIV...
  |quote=What if circumcision protected against infection with HIV...
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  |note=
  |note=
}}</ref> and vehemently promoted it,<ref>{{REFjournal
}}</ref> and vehemently promoted it,<ref>{{REFjournal
  | last=Weiss
  |last=Weiss
  | first=Helen A.
  |first=Helen A.
  | coauthors=Quigley, Maria A.; Hayes, Richard J.
  |init=HA
  | date=October 2000
|last2=Quigley
  | title=Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
|first2=Maria A.
  | journal=AIDS
|init2=MA
  | volume=14
|last3=Hayes
  | issue=15
|first3=Richard J.
  | pages=2361-2370
|init3=RJ
  | url=http://www.aidsonline.com/pt/re/aids/fulltext.00002030-200010200-00018.htm
  |date=2000-10
  | quote=
  |title=Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  | pubmedID=11089625
  |journal=AIDS
  | DOI=10.1097/00002030-200010200-00018
  |volume=14
  | accessdate=
  |issue=15
  |pages=2361-2370
  |url=http://www.aidsonline.com/pt/re/aids/fulltext.00002030-200010200-00018.htm
  |quote=
  |pubmedID=11089625
  |DOI=10.1097/00002030-200010200-00018
  |accessdate=
}}</ref> without any kind of proof whatsoever.
}}</ref> without any kind of proof whatsoever.


{{Citation
{{Citation
| Title=AIDS in third world countries
|Title=[[AIDS]] in third world countries
| Text=It is my opinion that because the maof men from Central Africa and Haiti are not circumcised, they constantly develop balanitis as a result of the heat and other problems, leading to breakage oi the skin. This leads to chronic infections such as phimosis and paraphimosis. ln this setting, there is frequent mini-ulceration of the foreskin of the penis. This represents an easy portal of entry for the virus during coitus with, let us say, an infected prostitute. Another possibility arises because the women in that part of the world do not shave the pubis. Thus there is the possibility of mini-lacerations occurring during coitus as the foreskin comes into contact with pubic hair. This is another possible portal of entry for the virus. This, to me, seems a more plausible explanation for female-to-male transmission in Central Africa and Haiti.
|Text=It is my opinion that because the maof men from Central Africa and Haiti are not [[circumcised]], they constantly develop [[balanitis]] as a result of the heat and other problems, leading to breakage of the [[skin]]. This leads to chronic infections such as [[phimosis]] and [[paraphimosis]]. ln this setting, there is frequent mini-ulceration of the [[foreskin]] of the [[penis]]. This represents an easy portal of entry for the virus during coitus with, let us say, an infected prostitute. Another possibility arises because the women in that part of the world do not shave the pubis. Thus there is the possibility of mini-lacerations occurring during coitus as the foreskin comes into contact with pubic hair. This is another possible portal of entry for the virus. This, to me, seems a more plausible explanation for female-to-male transmission in Central Africa and Haiti.
| Author=Valiere Alcena
|Author=Valiere Alcena
| Source=
|Source=
| lang=
|ref=<ref>[http://www.dralcena.com/resources/Articles.pdf AIDS IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES by Valiere Alcena, August 1986]</ref>
| before=
| after=
| Transcription=
| Translation=
| ref=<ref>[http://www.dralcena.com/resources/Articles.pdf AIDS IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES by Valiere Alcena, August 1986]</ref>
}}
}}
 
== Population-based studies ==
{{Population-based studies}}
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Bias]] -- Learn about pro-circumcision bias.
* [[Bias]] -- Learn about pro-circumcision bias.
* [[Religion and Culture]] -- Learn how religion and culture effects ones views on circumcision.
* [[Religion and Culture]] -- Learn how religion and culture effects ones views on circumcision.
* [[Aaron J. Fink]] -- Aaron Fink
* [[Aaron J. Fink]]
* [[Edgar J. Schoen]] -- Veteran pro-circumcision advocate.
* [[Edgar J. Schoen]] -- Veteran pro-circumcision advocate.
* [[Thomas E. Wiswell]] -- Veteran pro-circumcision advocate.
* [[Thomas E. Wiswell]] -- Veteran pro-circumcision advocate.
* [[United States of America]]
{{ABBR}}


{{REF}}
{{REF}}
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[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Person]]
[[Category:Male]]
 
[[Category:Physician]]
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Researcher]]
[[Category:Promoter]]
[[Category:USA]]


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