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===Traumatic effect of infant circumcision===
===Traumatic effect of infant circumcision===


There is now substantial evidence that infant circumcision causes [[Posttraumatic stress disorder| post traumatic stress disorder]] ̪(PTSD). Preverbal memory starts to function before birth and continues to function in the newborn period,<ref>{{REFjournal
There is now substantial evidence that the extreme pain of infant circumcision causes [[Posttraumatic stress disorder| post traumatic stress disorder]] ̪(PTSD). Preverbal memory starts to function before birth and continues to function in the newborn period,<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Hepper
  |last=Hepper
  |init=PG
  |init=PG