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One should note that these guidances from the Bioethics Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics apply to the granting of "informed permission" by surrogates for the treatment of disease, and do <i>NOT</i> apply to non-therapeutic procedures such as medically non-indicated, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].
==Conclusion==
Patient autonomy is an important principle of medical ethics.<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Beauchamp
|first=Tom L.
|init=TL
|last2=Childress
|first2=James F.
|init2=JF
|title=Principles of Biomedical Ethics
|publisher=New York: {{UNI|Oxford University|Oxon}} Press
|date=2001
}}</ref> Consent for a non-therapeutic operation offends the principle of autonomy, when granted by a surrogate.
A surrogate's powers to grant consent are more circumscribed than the powers granted to a competent individual acting on his own behalf.<ref name="svoboda2000" />
{{SEEALSO}}