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|accessdate=2025-05-04}}
</ref>
==Guidance from the Bioethics Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics==
The Bioethics Committee of the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] has provided important guidance on adapting general principles to pediatric practice.
One should note that these guidances from the Bioethics Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics apply to the granting of "informed permission" by surrogates for "diagnosis and treatment of children", and do <i>NOT</i> apply to non-therapeutic procedures such as medically non-indicated, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]], which is neither diagnosis nor treatment.
==Video==
===Circumcision — Your Legal Rights===
}}</ref> Consent for a non-therapeutic operation offends the principle of autonomy, when granted by a surrogate.
A surrogate's powers to grant consent are more circumscribed than the powers granted to a competent individual acting on his own behalf.<ref name="svoboda2000" /> A surrogate's power to grant consent for treatment is dependent upon the existence of a medical condition in need of diagnosis and/or treatment. In the absence of such a condition, the surrogate lacks the power to consent.
A surrogate must:
* Act in the best interests of the patient.
* Protect the rights of the patient under Constitutional law, statute law, common law, and international human rights law.
* Receive [[informed consent]] prior to granting consent.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Ethics of non-therapeutic child circumcision]]
* [[Human rights]]
* [[Informed consent]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-cosmetic-surgery-on-newborns/
|title=The World’s Oldest Cosmetic Surgery Is Still Performed on Newborns—Without Consent
|last=Alissa
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=Kristel Alissa
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-04-24
|accessdate=2025-05-16
}}
{{REF}}