Psychological injury of male circumcision: Difference between revisions
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) →Circumcision trauma in adults: Add deMause. |
WikiModEn2 (talk | contribs) Add ASD section. |
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}}</ref></blockquote> | }}</ref></blockquote> | ||
==Behavioral effects of unanesthetized infant circumcision== | ==Behavioral effects of unanesthetized infant circumcision== | ||
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</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
===Feelings and behavior of circumcised men=== | ===Feelings and behavior of circumcised men=== | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
== | ==Autism spectrum disorder== | ||
After the medical community belatedly learned that infants actually feel pain, Howard, Howard, & Weitzman (1994) tested the use of acetaminophen (paracetamol) for post-surgical pain following neonatal non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="howard1994">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Howard | |||
|first=Cynthia R. | |||
|last= | |author-link= | ||
|first= | |last2=Howard | ||
|author-link= | |first2=Fred M. | ||
|last2= | |author2-link= | ||
|first2= | |last3=Weitzman | ||
|author2-link= | |first3=Michael L. | ||
|author3-link= | |||
|etal=no | |||
|title=Acetaminophen analgesia in neonatal circumcision: the effect on pain | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|language=English | |||
|journal=Pediatrics | |||
|location= | |||
|date=1994-04 | |||
|volume=93 | |||
|issue=4 | |||
|pages=641-6 | |||
|url=https://www.i2researchhub.org/articles/acetaminophen-analgesia-in-neonatal-circumcision/ | |||
|archived= | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID=8134222 | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI= | |||
|accessdate=2020-11-09 | |||
}}</ref> The relief by this mild analgesic was slight, but doctors started to prescribe acetaminophen (paracetamol) to relieve the post-circumcision surgical pain of newborn boys. An increase in the incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has occurred. Bauer & Krebel (2013) have shown an ecological link between the use of acetaminophen for post-circumcision pain and ASD.<ref name="bauer2013")>{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Bauer | |||
|first=Ann | |||
|author-link= | |||
|last2=Kriebel | |||
|first2=David | |||
|author2-link= | |||
|etal=no | |etal=no | ||
|title= | |title=Prenatal and perinatal analgesic exposureand autism: an ecological link | ||
|trans-title= | |trans-title= | ||
|language= | |language= | ||
|journal= | |journal=Environ Health | ||
|location= | |location= | ||
|date= | |date=2013-05-09 | ||
|volume= | |volume=12 | ||
|issue= | |issue= | ||
|pages= | |pages=41 | ||
|url=https:// | |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3673819/ | ||
|archived= | |||
|quote= | |quote= | ||
|pubmedID= | |pubmedID=23656698 | ||
|pubmedCID= | |pubmedCID=3673819 | ||
|DOI= | |DOI=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3673819/ | ||
|accessdate= | |accessdate=2020-11-14 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
Morten & Simonsen (2015) | Morten & Simonsen (2015) associated neonatal non-therapeutic circumcision with autism spectrum disorder.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Frisch | |last=Frisch | ||
|first=Morten | |first=Morten | ||
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|first2=Jacob | |first2=Jacob | ||
|author2-link= | |author2-link= | ||
|etal= | |etal=no | ||
|title=Ritual circumcision and risk of autism spectrum disorder in 0- to 9-year-old boys: national cohort study in Denmark | |title=Ritual circumcision and risk of autism spectrum disorder in 0- to 9-year-old boys: national cohort study in Denmark | ||
|trans-title= | |trans-title= | ||
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|accessdate=2019-12-10 | |accessdate=2019-12-10 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
==More research needed== | |||
Preliminary investigation has established an association between child circumcision and alexithymia and autism spectrum disorder. Association does ''not'' establish cause and effect. More investigation and research is needed. | |||
Bollinger and Van Howe (2011) associate [[Alexithemia| alexithymia]] with the trauma of circumcision.<ref name="bollinger2011">{{REFjournal | |||
|last=Bollinger | |||
|first=Dan | |||
|author-link=Dan Bollinger | |||
|last2=Van Howe | |||
|first2=Robert S. | |||
|author2-link=Robert S. Van Howe | |||
|etal=no | |||
|title=Alexithymia and Circumcision Trauma: A Preliminary Investigation | |||
|trans-title= | |||
|language= | |||
|journal=International Journal of Men’s Health | |||
|location= | |||
|date=2011 | |||
|volume=10 | |||
|issue=2 | |||
|pages=184-95 | |||
|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/676d/b908ff4629702b99da6d77739d1300370bd4.pdf | |||
|quote= | |||
|pubmedID= | |||
|pubmedCID= | |||
|DOI=10.3149/jmh.1002.184 | |||
|accessdate=2019-12-12 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||