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→Statements from medical trade associations: Wikify.
== Statements from medical trade associations ==
[[Medical trade association| Medical trade associations ]] exist to protect and advance the professional, financial , business, and business legal interests of their fellows (members). A few medical trade associations, whose members perform non-therapeutic circumcision, have issued statements regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of children. Circumcision policy statements frequently exclude discussions of [[Sexual effects of circumcision| sexual]], [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| psychological]], [[human rights]], ethical, and [[Circumcision legal commentary| legal ]] issues, and the [[Foreskin| anatomy and functions of the foreskin]].<ref name="goldman2004">{{REFjournal
|last=Goldman
|first=Ronald
=== USA ===
{{Box|Boxtext=<big><b>All AAP policy statements expire after five years unless reaffirmed. This policy received overwhelming critical comment, so it was not reaffirmed. It Policy expired on 31 August 2017, however the AAP did not officially announce the expiration until November 2022. Currently, the AAP does ''not'' have a circumcision policy and has not had one since 2017.</b></big>}}
[[File:Flag_of_USA.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of the United States of America (USA)]]
The United States are unique because the American medical industry has been promoting the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision since the late 19th Century.<ref>{{GollaherDL 1994}}</ref> As a result of the centuries-old promotion almost all American males were circumcised soon after birth from the 1930s through the 1980s.<ref name="laumann1996">{{REFjournal