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{{Construction Site}}
In males, '''[[circumcision]]''' consists of removing the [[prepuce]] of the [[penis]] (the [[foreskin]]). Circumcision is practiced on young Muslim boys (known as [[Khitan (circumcision)|''khitan'']]) and on newborn Jewish infants (known as ''[[Brit Milah]]''), as well as on non-Jewish or Muslim infants in the [[United States]] as a hospital procedure.<ref>{{REFjournal
 
In males, '''[[circumcision]]''' consists of removing the prepuce of the penis (the [[foreskin]]). Circumcision is practiced on young Muslim boys (known as [[Khitan (circumcision)|''khitan'']]) and on newborn Jewish infants (known as ''[[Brit Milah]]''), as well as on non-Jewish or Muslim infants in the United States as a hospital procedure.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Wiswell
  |last=Wiswell
  |first=Thomas E.
  |first=Thomas E.
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  |language=en-us
  |language=en-us
  |accessdate=2019-08-31
  |accessdate=2019-08-31
}}</ref> It used to be, but is no longer, a common procedure in [[Australia]]<ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref>  
Jacobsen et al. (2021) used data from 2003 through 2016 from the Kid's Inpatient Database of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to compare [[intact]] with [[circumcised]] boys in the first 28 days of life. The authors reported a gradual declining trend in the incidence of neonatal non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] throughout the study period. The overall incidence of circumcision decreased from 57.4 percent in 2003 to 52.1 percent in 2016 over the 13 year study period or 5.3 percentage points for an average decrease of 0.4 percentage point per year. The author noted "neonatal circumcision rates decreased significantly over time."<ref name="jacobson2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Jacobson
|first=Deborah L.
|init=
|author-link=
|last2=Balmert
|first2=Lauren C.
|init2=
|author2-link=
|last3=Holl
|first3=Jane L.
|init3=
|author3-link=
|last4=Rosoklija
|first4=Ilina
|init4=
|author4-link=
|last5=Davis
|first5=Matthew M.
|init5=
|author5-link=
|last6=Johnson
|first6Emilie K.
|init6=
|author6-link=
|etal=no
|title=Nationwide Circumcision Trends: 2003 to 2016
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Urol
|location=
|date=2021-01
|volume=205
|issue=1
|article=
|pages=257-63
|url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1097/JU.0000000000001316
|pubmedID=32716676
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000001316
|accessdate=2023-06-22
}}</ref>
 
It used to be, but is no longer, a common procedure in [[Australia]]<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://www.circinfo.org/statistics.html
  |url=https://www.circinfo.org/statistics.html
  |title=Australian circumcision statistics {{!}} Circinfo.org
  |title=Australian circumcision statistics {{!}} Circinfo.org
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== Table ==
== Table ==
{{Rank |rows={{TRC|tableno=2|ignore=2}} |header-lines=2 |caption='''Prevalence of genital cutting by sex, age and country'''<ref group="Notes">Mostly all international data, including that republished by the other two most cited sources here, Morris et al. (2016) and [[UNICEF]], for circumcision and FGM respectively, is from [[USAID]]'s [[Demographic and Health Surveys]]. Wherever possible, the primary, rather than the secondary, source is cited. The prevalence rates reflect the most recent surveys available, and are adjusted for sample biases against age distributions. Cells aggregating data across sexes and ages are without citation and are estimated from segmented data along with each country's age distributions and [[List of countries by sex ratio|sex ratio]]. Data missing or unavailable for FGM is denoted by '''N/a'''. Data without citation for prevalence of circumcision among boys aged 0–14 is copied from sourced data for males aged 15 and older, as mostly all ritual circumcisions are done either in childhood, right before puberty (e.g. Islam) or days after birth (e.g. Islam and Judaism).</ref>}}
{{Rank |rows={{TRC|tableno=2|ignore=2}} |header-lines=2 |caption='''Prevalence of genital cutting by sex, age and country'''<ref group="Notes">Mostly all international data, including that republished by the other two most cited sources here, Morris et al. (2016) and [[UNICEF]], for circumcision and FGM respectively, is from [[USAID]]'s [[Demographic and Health Surveys]]. Wherever possible, the primary, rather than the secondary, source is cited. The prevalence rates reflect the most recent surveys available, and are adjusted for sample biases against age distributions. Cells aggregating data across sexes and ages are without citation and are estimated from segmented data along with each country's age distributions and [[List of countries by sex ratio|sex ratio]]. Data missing or unavailable for FGM is denoted by '''N/A'''. Data without citation for prevalence of circumcision among boys aged 0–14 is copied from sourced data for males aged 15 and older, as mostly all ritual circumcisions are done either in childhood, right before [[puberty]] (e.g. Islam) or days after birth (e.g. Islam and Judaism).</ref>}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right"
|- style="align-vertical=bottom"
|- style="align-vertical=bottom"
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|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|China}}
|align=left|{{Flag|[[China]]}}
|{{decimal cell|14.0}}
|{{decimal cell|14.0}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-9">{{REFjournal
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-9">{{REFjournal
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|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|India}}
|align=left|{{Flag|[[India]]}}
|{{decimal cell|15.7}}
|{{decimal cell|15.7}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0"/> 15.7}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0"/> 15.7}}
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|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Israel}}
|align=left|{{Flag|[[Israel]]}}
|{{decimal cell|91.7}}
|{{decimal cell|91.7}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 91.7}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 91.7}}
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|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|align=left|{{Flag|[[South Korea]]}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-19">{{REFjournal
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-19">{{REFjournal
  |last=Kim
  |last=Kim
  |first=DaiSik
  |first=Dai Sik
  |init=D
  |init=DS
|author-link=Dai Sik Kim
  |last2=Koo
  |last2=Koo
  |first2=Sung-Ae
  |first2=Sung-Ae
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|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|Netherlands}}
|align=left|{{Flag|[[Netherlands]]}}
|{{decimal cell|5.7}}
|{{decimal cell|5.7}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 5.7}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3"/> 5.7}}
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|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|-
|align=left|{{Flag|[[United States]]}}
|align=left|{{Flag|[[United States of America|United States]]}}
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-28">{{REFjournal
|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-28">{{REFjournal
  |last=Hart-Cooper
  |last=Hart-Cooper
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  |ISSN=1537-4521
  |ISSN=1537-4521
  |pubmedCID=23965763
  |pubmedCID=23965763
}}</ref> 80.5}}
}}</ref> 68}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
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<references group="Notes"/>
<references group="Notes"/>


{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Global Circumcision Statistics and Estimates]]
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


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[[Category:Female genital mutilation]]
[[Category:Female genital mutilation]]
[[Category:Female genital mutilation by country]]
[[Category:Female genital mutilation by country]]
[[Category:Greece]]
[[Category:Circumcision debate]]
[[Category:Circumcision debate]]
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