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{{Construction Site}}
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' may be created by surgical or non-surgical means.<ref name="collier2011">{{REFjournal
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' may be created by surgical or non-surgical means.
|last=Collier
|first=Roger
|init=R
|author-link=
|title=Whole again: the practice of foreskin restoration
|journal=CMAJ
|date=2011
|volume=183
|issue=18
|pages=2092-3
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3255154/
|quote=
|pubmedID=3255154
|pubmedCID=22083672
|DOI=10.1503/cmaj.109-4009
|accessdate=2023-10-10
}}</ref> Surgical restoration is very rare. The vast majority of [[restored]] foreskins have been created by non-surgical [[tissue expansion]].


==Creators==
== Creators ==
Creators normally fall into two categories. The first category consists of men who were involuntarily received a non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] as an infant or small child. The second category consists of men who granted consent as an adult for [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| adolescent or adult circumcision]].
 
Creators normally fall into two categories:
 
* The first category consists of men who involuntarily received an unwanted non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] as an infant or small child.  
 
* The second category consists of men who voluntarily granted consent as an adult for [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| adolescent or adult circumcision]], but now [[Regret men| regret]] their decision.
 
Both categories of creators seek a sense of wholeness or completeness, a restoration of normal appearance of the [[penis]], and a restoration of lost sensory and other functions to the extent possible. Other reasons are to regain control over one's body and anger management.<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Bigelow
|first=Jim
|init=J
|author-link=Jim Bigelow
|year=1995
|title=[[The Joy of Uncircumcising]]
|work=
|editor=
|edition=
|volume=
|chapter=Ch. 11: Why men today want to uncircumcise
|scope=
|page=
|pages=113-20
|location=Aptos, California
|publisher=Hourglass Book Publishing
|ISBN=0-934061-22-X
|quote=
|accessdate=
|note=
}}</ref>
 
Restored men report that they derive the same comfort from their [[restored]] [[foreskin]] that naturally [[foreskinned]] men do from their [[intact]] foreskin.
 
There are two ways to restore foreskin: surgical and nonsurgical.<ref name="kennedy2015">{{REFjournal
|last=Kennedy
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=Amanda Kennedy
|etal=no
|title=Masculinity and Embodiment in the Practice of Foreskin Restoration
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=International Journal of Men's Health
|location=
|date=2015
|season=Spring
|volume=14
|issue=1
|article=
|page=
|pages=38-54
|url=https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Kennedy-Embodiment-and-Restoration-IJMH-2015.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.3149/jmh.1401.38
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2024-12-12
}}</ref>
 
== Surgically restored foreskin ==
 
The surgically [[restored]] foreskin is rare.
 
Penn (1963) pulled the [[shaft skin]] forward to create a [[foreskin]] and then used a graft from an unidentified source to cover the defect in the [[shaft skin]].<ref name="penn1963">{{REFjournal
|last=Penn
|first=
|init=J
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Penile reform
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal= Br J Plast Surg
|location=
|date=1963
|season=
|volume=16
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=287-8
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/penn1/
|archived=
|quote=
|accessdate=2022-08-31
}}</ref>
 
Greer (1982) described a four-stage procedure in which [[scrotal skin]] was used to create a [[foreskin]].<ref name="greer1982">{{REFjournal
|last=Greer
|first=
|init=DM
|author-link=
|last2=Mohl
|first2=
|init2=PC
|author2-link=
|last3=Sheley
|first3=
|init3=JA
|author3-link=
|etal=no
|title=A technique for foreskin reconstruction and some preliminary result
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Sex Res
|location=
|date=1982
|season=
|volume=18
|issue=4
|article=
|page=
|pages=324-30
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/greer1/
|archived=
|quote=
|accessdate=2022-08-31
}}</ref>
 
Goodwin (1990) described a procedure in which the [[shaft skin]] of the [[penis]] is advanced forward and [[scrotal skin]] is used to cover the defect so that the [[foreskin]] is made up of [[shaft skin]] with [[scrotal skin]] replacing it on the shaft of the [[penis]].<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Goodwin
|first=
|init=WE
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Uncircumcision: a technique for plastic reconstruction of a prepuce after circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Urol
|location=
|date=1990-11
|season=
|volume=144
|issue=5
|pages=1203-5
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/goodwin1/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=2231896
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39693-3
|accessdate=2022-08-31
}}</ref>
 
Dr. [[Paul Tinari]] was operated on by Dr. Robert H. Stubbs of Montreal who used the [[scrotal skin]] to replace the [[shaft skin]] which was pulled forward to create a [[foreskin]] in a manner that appears to be similar to that of Dr. Goodwin.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=LaLiberté
|init=J
|author-link=
|url=https://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/2006/06_30/3_patients_practice01_12.html
|title=BC man's foreskin op a success
|journal=National Review of Medicine
|date=2006-06-30
|volume=3
|issue=12
|pages=
|accessdate=2022-08-31
}}</ref>
 
A combination of [[shaft skin]] plus scrotal skin was used in all reported cases to create a surgically restored [[foreskin]].
 
[[Shane Peterson]] of Perth, [[Australia]], excessively [[circumcised]] at birth, encountered significant issues and complications with his surgical foreskin restoration.<ref name="peterson2002">{{REFconference
|last=Peterson
|first=Shane E.
|author-link=Shane Peterson
|coauthors=
|coauthors-link=
|title=Assaulted and Mutilated: Surviving Circumcision Trauma
|trans-title=
|language=
|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_15
|archived=
|place=Washington, DC
|publisher=Springer
|source=Presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Human Rights and Modern Society
|date=2002-04-05
|accessdate=2023-05-24
}}</ref>
 
== Tissue-expansion restored foreskin ==
 
On the shaft of the [[circumcised]] [[penis]], one finds the [[circumcision scar]] at a midway point on the shaft. From the scar to the abdominal wall, one finds residual penile [[shaft skin]]. From the scar to the [[glans penis]] one finds residual [[preputial mucosa]]l [[foreskin]] tissue, usually in a desiccated condition. Application of traction, either manually or by the aid of a commercial device sold for the purpose, is used to cause longitudinal [[tissue expansion]].<ref name="kennedy2015" />
 
The [[circumcision scar]] will migrate toward the tip of the [[penis]] as the residual [[shaft skin]] expands. In some cases it will turn inside the new restored [[foreskin]] and become invisible. Some restorers recommend that the expansion of the internal and outer skin be regulated so that the scar is at the tip of the restored [[foreskin]].<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/foreskin_restoration/comments/5652l2/repositioning_the_scar_line_to_the_tip_how_i/
|title=Repositioning the scar line to the tip; how I restored.
|last=
|first=Andre
|init=
|date=2016
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}</ref>
 
The non-surgically [[restored]] [[foreskin]] will consist of both expanded inner mucosa and expanded [[shaft skin]]. The location of the [[circumcision scar]] will vary.
 
Restored foreskins typically are somewhat looser than natural foreskins. After the restored foreskin becomes long enough to extend beyond the [[glans penis]], the [[dartos]] usually will tighten it to some extent. Some restorers are experimenting with the use of o-rings to tighten the restored foreskin. The results are unclear.
 
==What is missing==
* The [[frenulum]] found on the natural [[intact]] [[penis]], which limits foreskin retraction, cannot be regained.
 
* The [[ridged band]] area of the natural [[intact]] [[penis]], which enhances sensation, cannot be regained.
 
==What is regained==
* The full length of the [[penis]] on erection is regained.
 
* The natural [[intact]] appearance is regained.
 
* Psychological health is regained.<ref name="kennedy2015" /><ref name="penn1963" />
 
* The [[preputial sac]] is regained.
 
* The comfort of having the [[glans penis]] covered and protected is regained.
 
* The provision of skin oil and moisture to the [[glans penis]] is regained.<ref name="kennedy2015" />
 
* Collection of [[smegma]] is regained.
 
* [[Dekeratinization]] of the [[glans penis]] will gradually occur, causing sensitivity to be regained.
 
* Mobility of the [[foreskin]] and [[gliding action]] are regained.
 
* Ease of penetration is regained.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Taves
|first=
|init=DR
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=The intromission function of the foreskin.
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Med Hypotheses
|location=
|date=2002-08
|season=
|volume=59
|issue=2
|article=
|page=
|pages=180-2
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/taves1/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=12208206
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00250-5
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}</ref>
 
* Reduction of friction and irritation in the female partner's [[vagina]] is regained.<ref name="warren1994">{{REFjournal
|last=Warren
|first=John
|init=J
|author-link=John Warren
|last2=Bigelow
|first2=Jim
|init2=J
|author2-link=Jim Bigelow
|etal=no
|title=The case against circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=English
|journal=Br J Sex Med
|location=
|date=1994-09
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=6-8
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/warren2/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}
</ref>
 
* Improved chance of female partner's orgasm is regained.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=O'Hara
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=
|last2=O'Hara
|first2=
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=The effect of male circumcision on the sexual enjoyment of the female partner
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=BJU Int
|location=
|date=1999-01-01
|season=
|volume=83 Suppl 1
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=79-84
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/ohara/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=10349418
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1079.x
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}</ref>
 
* Sensation in the [[restored]] foreskin and ease of reaching orgasm are regained.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.restoringforeskin.org/why-restore-your-foreskin
|title=Why Restore Your Foreskin
|last=
|first=
|init=
|website=Restoring for Men
|date=
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}></ref>
 
* Increased sensation from the [[restored]] foreskin usually causes heightened arousal and increased production of [[pre-ejaculate]].
 
* According to Kennedy, the restorer regains his "sense of masculinity and self-worth."<ref name="kennedy2015" />
 
There are no controlled scientific studies on the extent of recovery of sensation, however several men, who were [[circumcised]] as adults and later restored, estimate that they have regained about 80 percent of lost sensation.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Foreskin play]]
* [[Intact Again Podcast]]
* [[Medical literature about foreskin restoration]]
* [[RestoringMan]]
* [[Restoring for Men]]
* [[Vagina]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/foreskin-restoration-journey/
|title=Taking Back What Was Stolen: A Foreskin Restoration Journey
|last=Alissa
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=Kristel Alissa
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-02-26
|accessdate=2025-11-23
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_eBZN-MBow5XrMIN_PdM4JPU4nFqMrtp/view
|title=Benefits of foreskin restoration.
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=
|date=
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2025-10-02
}}
{{NSFW}}
* [[Restored foreskin demonstration]]
 
{{REF}}




[[Category:Foreskin restoration]]
[[Category:Foreskin restoration]]
[[Category:Genital surgery]]
[[Category:Genital surgery]]
[[Category:Penis]]
[[Category:Penile function]]
[[Category:Physiology]]
Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Restored_foreskin"