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{{Construction Site}}
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' may be created by surgical or non-surgical means.<ref name="collier2011">{{REFjournal
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' may be created by surgical or non-surgical means.
|last=Collier
|first=Roger
|init=R
|author-link=
|title=Whole again: the practice of foreskin restoration
|journal=CMAJ
|date=2011
|volume=183
|issue=18
|pages=2092-3
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3255154/
|quote=
|pubmedID=3255154
|pubmedCID=22083672
|DOI=10.1503/cmaj.109-4009
|accessdate=2023-10-10
}}</ref> Surgical restoration is very rare. The vast majority of [[restored]] foreskins have been created by non-surgical [[tissue expansion]].
 
== Creators ==
 
Creators normally fall into two categories:


==Creators==
* The first category consists of men who involuntarily received an unwanted non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] as an infant or small child.  
Creators normally fall into two categories. The first category consists of men who were involuntarily received a non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] as an infant or small child. The second category consists of men who voluntarily granted consent as an adult for [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| adolescent or adult circumcision]], but now regret their decision.


Both categories of creators seek a sense of wholeness or completeness, a restoration of normal appearance of the penis, and a restoration of lost sensory and other functions to the extent possible. Other reasons are to regain control over one's body and anger management.<ref>{{REFbook
* The second category consists of men who voluntarily granted consent as an adult for [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| adolescent or adult circumcision]], but now [[Regret men| regret]] their decision.
 
Both categories of creators seek a sense of wholeness or completeness, a restoration of normal appearance of the [[penis]], and a restoration of lost sensory and other functions to the extent possible. Other reasons are to regain control over one's body and anger management.<ref>{{REFbook
  |last=Bigelow
  |last=Bigelow
  |first=Jim
  |first=Jim
Line 28: Line 49:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


==Surgically restored foreskin==
Restored men report that they derive the same comfort from their [[restored]] [[foreskin]] that naturally [[foreskinned]] men do from their [[intact]] foreskin.
The surgically restored foreskin is rare.  


Penn (1963) pulled the shaft skin forward to create a foreskin and then used a graft from an unidentified source to cover the defect in the shaft skin.<ref>{{REFjournal
There are two ways to restore foreskin: surgical and nonsurgical.<ref name="kennedy2015">{{REFjournal
|last=Kennedy
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=Amanda Kennedy
|etal=no
|title=Masculinity and Embodiment in the Practice of Foreskin Restoration
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=International Journal of Men's Health
|location=
|date=2015
|season=Spring
|volume=14
|issue=1
|article=
|page=
|pages=38-54
|url=https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Kennedy-Embodiment-and-Restoration-IJMH-2015.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.3149/jmh.1401.38
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2024-12-12
}}</ref>
 
== Surgically restored foreskin ==
 
The surgically [[restored]] foreskin is rare.
 
Penn (1963) pulled the [[shaft skin]] forward to create a [[foreskin]] and then used a graft from an unidentified source to cover the defect in the [[shaft skin]].<ref name="penn1963">{{REFjournal
  |last=Penn
  |last=Penn
  |first=
  |first=
Line 55: Line 107:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Greer (1982) described a four-stage procedure in which scrotal skin was used to create a foreskin.<ref name="greer1982">{{REFjournal
Greer (1982) described a four-stage procedure in which [[scrotal skin]] was used to create a [[foreskin]].<ref name="greer1982">{{REFjournal
  |last=Greer
  |last=Greer
  |first=
  |first=
Line 87: Line 139:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Goodwin (1990) described a procedure in which the shaft skin of the penis is advanced forward and scrotal skin is used to cover the defect so that the foreskin is made up of shaft skin with scrotal skin replacing it on the shaft of the penis.<ref>{{REFjournal
Goodwin (1990) described a procedure in which the [[shaft skin]] of the [[penis]] is advanced forward and [[scrotal skin]] is used to cover the defect so that the [[foreskin]] is made up of [[shaft skin]] with [[scrotal skin]] replacing it on the shaft of the [[penis]].<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Goodwin
  |last=Goodwin
  |first=
  |first=
Line 112: Line 164:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Dr. [[Paul Tinari]] was operated on by by Dr. Robert H. Stubbs of Montreal who used the scrotal skin to replace the shaft skin which was pulled forward to create a foreskin in a manner that appears to be similar to that of Dr. Goodwin.<ref>{{REFjournal
Dr. [[Paul Tinari]] was operated on by Dr. Robert H. Stubbs of Montreal who used the [[scrotal skin]] to replace the [[shaft skin]] which was pulled forward to create a [[foreskin]] in a manner that appears to be similar to that of Dr. Goodwin.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=LaLiberté
  |last=LaLiberté
  |init=J
  |init=J
Line 126: Line 178:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


A combination of shaft skin plus scrotal skin was used in all reported cases to create a surgically restored foreskin.
A combination of [[shaft skin]] plus scrotal skin was used in all reported cases to create a surgically restored [[foreskin]].
 
[[Shane Peterson]] of Perth, [[Australia]], excessively [[circumcised]] at birth, encountered significant issues and complications with his surgical foreskin restoration.<ref name="peterson2002">{{REFconference
|last=Peterson
|first=Shane E.
|author-link=Shane Peterson
|coauthors=
|coauthors-link=
|title=Assaulted and Mutilated: Surviving Circumcision Trauma
|trans-title=
|language=
|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_15
|archived=
|place=Washington, DC
|publisher=Springer
|source=Presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Human Rights and Modern Society
|date=2002-04-05
|accessdate=2023-05-24
}}</ref>
 
== Tissue-expansion restored foreskin ==
 
On the shaft of the [[circumcised]] [[penis]], one finds the [[circumcision scar]] at a midway point on the shaft. From the scar to the abdominal wall, one finds residual penile [[shaft skin]]. From the scar to the [[glans penis]] one finds residual [[preputial mucosa]]l [[foreskin]] tissue, usually in a desiccated condition. Application of traction, either manually or by the aid of a commercial device sold for the purpose, is used to cause longitudinal [[tissue expansion]].<ref name="kennedy2015" />
 
The [[circumcision scar]] will migrate toward the tip of the [[penis]] as the residual [[shaft skin]] expands. In some cases it will turn inside the new restored [[foreskin]] and become invisible. Some restorers recommend that the expansion of the internal and outer skin be regulated so that the scar is at the tip of the restored [[foreskin]].<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/foreskin_restoration/comments/5652l2/repositioning_the_scar_line_to_the_tip_how_i/
|title=Repositioning the scar line to the tip; how I restored.
|last=
|first=Andre
|init=
|date=2016
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}</ref>
 
The non-surgically [[restored]] [[foreskin]] will consist of both expanded inner mucosa and expanded [[shaft skin]]. The location of the [[circumcision scar]] will vary.
 
Restored foreskins typically are somewhat looser than natural foreskins. After the restored foreskin becomes long enough to extend beyond the [[glans penis]], the [[dartos]] usually will tighten it to some extent. Some restorers are experimenting with the use of o-rings to tighten the restored foreskin. The results are unclear.
 
==What is missing==
* The [[frenulum]] found on the natural [[intact]] [[penis]], which limits foreskin retraction, cannot be regained.
 
* The [[ridged band]] area of the natural [[intact]] [[penis]], which enhances sensation, cannot be regained.
 
==What is regained==
* The full length of the [[penis]] on erection is regained.
 
* The natural [[intact]] appearance is regained.
 
* Psychological health is regained.<ref name="kennedy2015" /><ref name="penn1963" />
 
* The [[preputial sac]] is regained.
 
* The comfort of having the [[glans penis]] covered and protected is regained.
 
* The provision of skin oil and moisture to the [[glans penis]] is regained.<ref name="kennedy2015" />
 
* Collection of [[smegma]] is regained.
 
* [[Dekeratinization]] of the [[glans penis]] will gradually occur, causing sensitivity to be regained.
 
* Mobility of the [[foreskin]] and [[gliding action]] are regained.
 
* Ease of penetration is regained.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Taves
|first=
|init=DR
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=The intromission function of the foreskin.
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Med Hypotheses
|location=
|date=2002-08
|season=
|volume=59
|issue=2
|article=
|page=
|pages=180-2
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/taves1/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=12208206
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00250-5
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}</ref>
 
* Reduction of friction and irritation in the female partner's [[vagina]] is regained.<ref name="warren1994">{{REFjournal
|last=Warren
|first=John
|init=J
|author-link=John Warren
|last2=Bigelow
|first2=Jim
|init2=J
|author2-link=Jim Bigelow
|etal=no
|title=The case against circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=English
|journal=Br J Sex Med
|location=
|date=1994-09
|volume=
|issue=
|pages=6-8
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/warren2/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}
</ref>
 
* Improved chance of female partner's orgasm is regained.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=O'Hara
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=
|last2=O'Hara
|first2=
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=The effect of male circumcision on the sexual enjoyment of the female partner
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=BJU Int
|location=
|date=1999-01-01
|season=
|volume=83 Suppl 1
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=79-84
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/ohara/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=10349418
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1079.x
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}</ref>
 
* Sensation in the [[restored]] foreskin and ease of reaching orgasm are regained.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.restoringforeskin.org/why-restore-your-foreskin
|title=Why Restore Your Foreskin
|last=
|first=
|init=
|website=Restoring for Men
|date=
|accessdate=2022-09-01
}}></ref>
 
* Increased sensation from the [[restored]] foreskin usually causes heightened arousal and increased production of [[pre-ejaculate]].
 
* According to Kennedy, the restorer regains his "sense of masculinity and self-worth."<ref name="kennedy2015" />
 
There are no controlled scientific studies on the extent of recovery of sensation, however several men, who were [[circumcised]] as adults and later restored, estimate that they have regained about 80 percent of lost sensation.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Foreskin play]]
* [[Intact Again Podcast]]
* [[Medical literature about foreskin restoration]]
* [[RestoringMan]]
* [[Restoring for Men]]
* [[Vagina]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/foreskin-restoration-journey/
|title=Taking Back What Was Stolen: A Foreskin Restoration Journey
|last=Alissa
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=Kristel Alissa
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-02-26
|accessdate=2025-11-23
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_eBZN-MBow5XrMIN_PdM4JPU4nFqMrtp/view
|title=Benefits of foreskin restoration.
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=
|date=
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2025-10-02
}}
{{NSFW}}
* [[Restored foreskin demonstration]]


{{REF}}
{{REF}}


[[Category:Foreskin restoration]]
[[Category:Foreskin restoration]]
[[Category:Genital surgery]]
[[Category:Genital surgery]]
[[Category:Penis]]
[[Category:Penile function]]
[[Category:Physiology]]
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