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'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' may be created by surgical or non-surgical means. Surgical restoration is very rare. The vast majority of restored foreskins have been created by non-surgical tissue expansion.
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' may be created by surgical or non-surgical means.<ref name="collier2011">{{REFjournal
|last=Collier
|first=Roger
|init=R
|author-link=
|title=Whole again: the practice of foreskin restoration
|journal=CMAJ
|date=2011
|volume=183
|issue=18
|pages=2092-3
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3255154/
|quote=
|pubmedID=3255154
|pubmedCID=22083672
|DOI=10.1503/cmaj.109-4009
|accessdate=2023-10-10
}}</ref> Surgical restoration is very rare. The vast majority of [[restored]] foreskins have been created by non-surgical [[tissue expansion]].


== Creators ==
== Creators ==
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Creators normally fall into two categories:
Creators normally fall into two categories:


* The first category consists of men who involuntarily received a non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] as an infant or small child.  
* The first category consists of men who involuntarily received an unwanted non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] as an infant or small child.  


* The second category consists of men who voluntarily granted consent as an adult for [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| adolescent or adult circumcision]], but now regret their decision.
* The second category consists of men who voluntarily granted consent as an adult for [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| adolescent or adult circumcision]], but now [[Regret men| regret]] their decision.


Both categories of creators seek a sense of wholeness or completeness, a restoration of normal appearance of the [[penis]], and a restoration of lost sensory and other functions to the extent possible. Other reasons are to regain control over one's body and anger management.<ref>{{REFbook
Both categories of creators seek a sense of wholeness or completeness, a restoration of normal appearance of the [[penis]], and a restoration of lost sensory and other functions to the extent possible. Other reasons are to regain control over one's body and anger management.<ref>{{REFbook
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  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
  |note=
  |note=
}}</ref>
Restored men report that they derive the same comfort from their [[restored]] [[foreskin]] that naturally [[foreskinned]] men do from their [[intact]] foreskin.
There are two ways to restore foreskin: surgical and nonsurgical.<ref name="kennedy2015">{{REFjournal
|last=Kennedy
|first=
|init=A
|author-link=Amanda Kennedy
|etal=no
|title=Masculinity and Embodiment in the Practice of Foreskin Restoration
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=International Journal of Men's Health
|location=
|date=2015
|season=Spring
|volume=14
|issue=1
|article=
|page=
|pages=38-54
|url=https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Kennedy-Embodiment-and-Restoration-IJMH-2015.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.3149/jmh.1401.38
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2024-12-12
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


== Surgically restored foreskin ==
== Surgically restored foreskin ==


The surgically restored foreskin is rare.  
The surgically [[restored]] foreskin is rare.  


Penn (1963) pulled the [[shaft skin]] forward to create a [[foreskin]] and then used a graft from an unidentified source to cover the defect in the [[shaft skin]].<ref>{{REFjournal
Penn (1963) pulled the [[shaft skin]] forward to create a [[foreskin]] and then used a graft from an unidentified source to cover the defect in the [[shaft skin]].<ref name="penn1963">{{REFjournal
  |last=Penn
  |last=Penn
  |first=
  |first=
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


A combination of [[shaft skin]] plus scrotal skin was used in all reported cases to create a surgically restored foreskin.
A combination of [[shaft skin]] plus scrotal skin was used in all reported cases to create a surgically restored [[foreskin]].


[[Shane Peterson]] of Perth, Australia, excessively circumcised at birth, encountered significant issues and complications with his surgical foreskin restoration.
[[Shane Peterson]] of Perth, [[Australia]], excessively [[circumcised]] at birth, encountered significant issues and complications with his surgical foreskin restoration.<ref name="peterson2002">{{REFconference
|last=Peterson
|first=Shane E.
|author-link=Shane Peterson
|coauthors=
|coauthors-link=
|title=Assaulted and Mutilated: Surviving Circumcision Trauma
|trans-title=
|language=
|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_15
|archived=
|place=Washington, DC
|publisher=Springer
|source=Presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Human Rights and Modern Society
|date=2002-04-05
|accessdate=2023-05-24
}}</ref>


== Non-surgically restored foreskin ==
== Tissue-expansion restored foreskin ==


On the shaft of the [[circumcised]] [[penis]], one finds the [[circumcision scar]] at a midway point on the shaft. From the scar to the abdominal wall, one finds residual penile [[shaft skin]]. From the scar to the [[glans penis]] one finds residual [[preputial mucosa]]l [[foreskin]] tissue, usually in a desiccated condition. Application of traction, either manually or by the aid of a commercial device sold for the purpose, is used to cause longitudinal [[tissue expansion]].
On the shaft of the [[circumcised]] [[penis]], one finds the [[circumcision scar]] at a midway point on the shaft. From the scar to the abdominal wall, one finds residual penile [[shaft skin]]. From the scar to the [[glans penis]] one finds residual [[preputial mucosa]]l [[foreskin]] tissue, usually in a desiccated condition. Application of traction, either manually or by the aid of a commercial device sold for the purpose, is used to cause longitudinal [[tissue expansion]].<ref name="kennedy2015" />


The [[circumcision scar]] will migrate toward the tip of the [[penis]] as the residual [[shaft skin]] expands. In some cases it will turn inside the new restored [[foreskin]] and become invisible. Some restorers recommend that the expansion of the internal and outer skin be regulated so that the scar is at the tip of the restored [[foreskin]].<ref>{{REFweb
The [[circumcision scar]] will migrate toward the tip of the [[penis]] as the residual [[shaft skin]] expands. In some cases it will turn inside the new restored [[foreskin]] and become invisible. Some restorers recommend that the expansion of the internal and outer skin be regulated so that the scar is at the tip of the restored [[foreskin]].<ref>{{REFweb
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


The non-surgically restored [[foreskin]] will consist of both expanded inner mucosa and expanded [[shaft skin]]. The location of the [[circumcision scar]] will vary.
The non-surgically [[restored]] [[foreskin]] will consist of both expanded inner mucosa and expanded [[shaft skin]]. The location of the [[circumcision scar]] will vary.


Restored foreskins typically are somewhat looser than natural foreskins. After the restored foreskin becomes long enough to extend beyond the glans penis, the [[dartos]] usually will tighten it to some extent. Some restorers are experimenting with the use of o-rings to tighten the restored foreskin. The results are unclear.
Restored foreskins typically are somewhat looser than natural foreskins. After the restored foreskin becomes long enough to extend beyond the [[glans penis]], the [[dartos]] usually will tighten it to some extent. Some restorers are experimenting with the use of o-rings to tighten the restored foreskin. The results are unclear.


==What is missing==
==What is missing==
* The [[frenulum]] found on the natural [[intact]] penis, which limits foreskin retraction, cannot be regained.
* The [[frenulum]] found on the natural [[intact]] [[penis]], which limits foreskin retraction, cannot be regained.


* The [[ridged band]] area of the natural [[intact]] penis, which enhances sensation, cannot be regained.
* The [[ridged band]] area of the natural [[intact]] [[penis]], which enhances sensation, cannot be regained.


==What is regained==
==What is regained==
* The full length of the [[penis]] on erection is regained.
* The natural [[intact]] appearance is regained.
* The natural [[intact]] appearance is regained.
* Psychological health is regained.<ref name="kennedy2015" /><ref name="penn1963" />
* The [[preputial sac]] is regained.


* The comfort of having the [[glans penis]] covered and protected is regained.
* The comfort of having the [[glans penis]] covered and protected is regained.


* The provision of skin oil and moisture to the [[glans penis]] is regained.
* The provision of skin oil and moisture to the [[glans penis]] is regained.<ref name="kennedy2015" />


* [[Dekeratinization]] of the glans penis will gradually occur, causing sensitivity to be regained.
* Collection of [[smegma]] is regained.
 
* [[Dekeratinization]] of the [[glans penis]] will gradually occur, causing sensitivity to be regained.


* Mobility of the [[foreskin]] and [[gliding action]] are regained.
* Mobility of the [[foreskin]] and [[gliding action]] are regained.
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</ref>
</ref>


* improved chance of female partner's orgasm is regained.<ref>{{REFjournal
* Improved chance of female partner's orgasm is regained.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=O'Hara
  |last=O'Hara
  |first=
  |first=
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


* Sensation in the restored foreskin and ease of reaching orgasm are regained.<ref>{{REFweb
* Sensation in the [[restored]] foreskin and ease of reaching orgasm are regained.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://www.restoringforeskin.org/why-restore-your-foreskin
  |url=https://www.restoringforeskin.org/why-restore-your-foreskin
  |title=Why Restore Your Foreskin
  |title=Why Restore Your Foreskin
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  |accessdate=2022-09-01
  |accessdate=2022-09-01
}}></ref>
}}></ref>
* Increased sensation from the [[restored]] foreskin usually causes heightened arousal and increased production of [[pre-ejaculate]].
* According to Kennedy, the restorer regains his "sense of masculinity and self-worth."<ref name="kennedy2015" />
There are no controlled scientific studies on the extent of recovery of sensation, however several men, who were [[circumcised]] as adults and later restored, estimate that they have regained about 80 percent of lost sensation.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Foreskin play]]
* [[Intact Again Podcast]]
* [[Medical literature about foreskin restoration]]
* [[RestoringMan]]
* [[Restoring for Men]]
* [[Vagina]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/foreskin-restoration-journey/
|title=Taking Back What Was Stolen: A Foreskin Restoration Journey
|last=Alissa
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=Kristel Alissa
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-02-26
|accessdate=2025-11-23
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_eBZN-MBow5XrMIN_PdM4JPU4nFqMrtp/view
|title=Benefits of foreskin restoration.
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=
|date=
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2025-10-02
}}
{{NSFW}}
* [[Restored foreskin demonstration]]
{{REF}}
{{REF}}


[[Category:Foreskin restoration]]
[[Category:Foreskin restoration]]
[[Category:Genital surgery]]
[[Category:Genital surgery]]
[[Category:Penis]]
[[Category:Penile function]]
[[Category:Penile function]]
[[Category:Physiology]]
[[Category:Physiology]]
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