Surgical foreskin restoration: Difference between revisions

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== Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach ==

The founder of modern plastic surgery, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach (1795-1847, Berlin), dedicated a whole chapter in both of his surgical textbooks, from 1829 and 1845, on the problem of how to restore the [[Foreskin| prepuce]]. He entitled this operation "posthioplastice".<ref name="schultheiss1998" /> After recapitulating Celsus methods, he offered technical improvements to prevent postoperative failure.

The founder of modern plastic surgery, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach (1795-1847, Berlin), dedicated a whole chapter in both of his surgical textbooks, from 1829 and 1845, on the problem of how to restore the [[Foreskin| prepuce]]. He entitled this operation "posthioplastice".<ref name="schultheiss1998"/> After recapitulating Celsus methods, he offered technical improvements to prevent postoperative failure.

== The Nazi era ==

The persecution of Jews under the Nazi regime made the state of being [[circumcised]] a life-threatening fact, making no difference whether the person had lost his [[foreskin]] for religious reasons or because of a congenital or acquired [[phimosis]]. So every circumcised man at that time was in danger of being denounced and, therefore, had to hide his genital state or have it [[uncircumcised]]. There exist several personal reports of patients undergoing and doctors performing uncircumcision during this time. One example is the work of Tenenbaum who knew several of these doctors and also examined some of the patients treated.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />

The persecution of Jews under the Nazi regime made the state of being [[circumcised]] a life-threatening fact, making no difference whether the person had lost his [[foreskin]] for religious reasons or because of a congenital or acquired [[phimosis]]. So every circumcised man at that time was in danger of being denounced and, therefore, had to hide his genital state or have it [[uncircumcised]]. There exist several personal reports of patients undergoing and doctors performing uncircumcision during this time. One example is the work of Tenenbaum who knew several of these doctors and also examined some of the patients treated.<ref name="schultheiss1998"/>

According to the literature, there were Polish doctors who devised hasty, crude surgical techniques to help Jews in occupied areas of Europe avoid detection. Some of these procedures were surprisingly reminiscent of those described by Celsus nearly 2000 years earlier. There is no evidence that any of these methods was continued after the collapse of the Nazi regime.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />

According to the literature, there were Polish doctors who devised hasty, crude surgical techniques to help Jews in occupied areas of Europe avoid detection. Some of these procedures were surprisingly reminiscent of those described by Celsus nearly 2000 years earlier. There is no evidence that any of these methods was continued after the collapse of the Nazi regime.<ref name="schultheiss1998"/>

Feriz performed several operations on [[circumcised]] patients in occupied Holland. After a circumferential incision at the base of the [[penis]] the [[penile skin]] was pulled over the [[glans]], forming the new [[prepuce]]. The proximal [[skin]] defect was then covered by burying the [[penis]] under a tunnel of ventral [[scrotal skin]]. In a second stage operation about 10 days later he mobilized the [[penis]] and closed the new [[skin]] layer at the underside of the [[penis]]. The scrotal defect was easily closed in all cases. In his publication from 1962, Feriz reported no complications, and all of his patients were satisfied with the postoperative result; none of them requested a reversal of the surgery after the war.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />

Feriz performed several operations on [[circumcised]] patients in occupied Holland. After a circumferential incision at the base of the [[penis]] the [[penile skin]] was pulled over the [[glans]], forming the new [[prepuce]]. The proximal [[skin]] defect was then covered by burying the [[penis]] under a tunnel of ventral [[scrotal skin]]. In a second stage operation about 10 days later he mobilized the [[penis]] and closed the new [[skin]] layer at the underside of the [[penis]]. The scrotal defect was easily closed in all cases. In his publication from 1962, Feriz reported no complications, and all of his patients were satisfied with the postoperative result; none of them requested a reversal of the surgery after the war.<ref name="schultheiss1998"/>

In 1965, Tushnet reported three different procedures to restore the [[prepuce]] depending on the age of the patient, the remaining preputial [[skin]], and the skill of the surgeon.<ref name="tushmet1965">{{REFjournal

Line 130:

|DOI=10.1016/s0007-1226(63)80123-x

|accessdate=2020-01-02

}}</ref> His article and the ones of the following years failed to give detailed information on the patient's motivation, and the authors were to a certain extent criticized for performing such a procedure at all. Penn from Johannesburg, after performing a proximal circular incision and pulling forward the [[penile skin]] to form a new [[prepuce]], covered the denuded shaft with a "free graft", not indicating from where he took this graft.<ref name="penn1963" />

}}</ref> His article and the ones of the following years failed to give detailed information on the patient's motivation, and the authors were to a certain extent criticized for performing such a procedure at all. Penn from Johannesburg, after performing a proximal circular incision and pulling forward the [[penile skin]] to form a new [[prepuce]], covered the denuded shaft with a "free graft", not indicating from where he took this graft.<ref name="penn1963"/>

An American medical doctor ~~had a surgical reconstruction of his [[foreskin]] performed in the 1970s. He recently released a NSFW report~~ on his ~~surgical foreskin restoration~~.<ref>{{REFweb

An American medical doctor published on his involuntary circumcision and its after effects.<ref>{{REFweb

|url=https://~~drive~~.google.com/~~file~~/d/~~1Hmguuseuh0qyQjzc3WkbHvr9Qf3o99TN~~/~~view~~

|url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WS4pmFCoHkq3UloORfSWi4VgnM11m_5-/edit

|title=~~Was It Worth All My Extra Effort?~~

|title=Unwarranted Presumption

|last=Anonymous

|first=

|init=

|publisher=Google

|date=

|date=2022-12-10

|accessdate=~~2022~~-12-12

|accessdate=2025-02-20

}}</ref> ~~His report does not represent current practice.~~

}}</ref>

In 1981, [[Paul C. Mohl]] presented the first detailed analysis of psychiatric aspects in a group of eight patients seeking prepuce restoration . He described several psychological disorders in these patients as narcissistic and exhibitionistic body image, depressions, major defects in early mothering, and ego pathology. Nowadays the understanding of the psychological motivations for uncircumcision is increasing, and the problem is dealt with more seriously.<ref name="watson2017" />

In 1981, [[Paul C. Mohl]] presented the first detailed analysis of psychiatric aspects in a group of eight patients seeking prepuce restoration . He described several psychological disorders in these patients as narcissistic and exhibitionistic body image, depressions, major defects in early mothering, and ego pathology. Nowadays the understanding of the psychological motivations for uncircumcision is increasing, and the problem is dealt with more seriously.<ref name="watson2017"/>

Goodwin covered the same defect in 1990 by implantation of the [[penis]] into the scrotum first and then liberating it in a second stage.<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=Goodwin

Line 165:

|DOI=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39693-3

|accessdate=2020-01-02

}}</ref> This procedure is almost identical to the method of Feriz mentioned earlier and had been slightly modified before by Greer in 1982.<ref name="greer1983">{{REFjournal

|last=Greer

Line 197:

Line 196:

}}</ref> A pedicled island scrotal flap was used for the same purpose by Lynch and Pryor in a one-stage procedure in 1993.

Toronto plastic surgeon Dr Robert H Stubbs performed a surgical restoration in a two-stage procedure in [[Canada]].<ref>{{REFnews

Toronto plastic surgeon Dr Robert H. Stubbs (2006) performed a surgical restoration in a two-stage procedure in [[Canada]].<ref>{{REFnews

|title=BC man's foreskin op a success

|url=https://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/2006/06_30/3_patients_practice01_12.html

Line 224:

Line 223:

|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/bigelow

|accessdate=2010-01-02

}}

}}</ref>

</ref>

===Contemporary surgical foreskin restoration===

Surgical foreskin restoration has mostly been replaced by non-surgical foreskin restoration, but it appears surgical foreskin restoration is still available for a price.

An anonymous individual who uses the screen name, <b>foreskin_revolution</b>, has posted a series of posts, starting in October 2025, regarding his surgical foreskin restoration by a surgeon in California, named Sven Gunther. They may be viewed online.<ref>{{REFweb

|title=foreskin_revolution

|url=https://www.reddit.com/user/foreskin_revolution/

|archived=

|trans-title=

|language=

|last=Anonymous

|publisher=REDDIT

|website=https://en.intactiwiki.org/

|date=2025

|accessdate=2026-01-26

|quote=$20,000.00.

}}</ref>

==The jump to non-surgical methods ==

While reviewing the results of the implanted-ring procedure, an engineer living in the Pacific Northwest hit upon the idea of using tape to hold the [[skin]] in place over the [[glans]]. His intent was to avoid both the surgery needed to have the platinum ring implanted and the unsightly fibrous band it left. This simple idea was circulated among a small network of men who had been sharing whatever information they could find on [[foreskin restoration]] as well as their ideas and experimentation. As a result, in 1982, [[BUFF]] (Brothers United for Future Foreskins) was born.<ref name="bigelow1994" />

While reviewing the results of the implanted-ring procedure, an engineer living in the Pacific Northwest hit upon the idea of using tape to hold the [[skin]] in place over the [[glans]]. His intent was to avoid both the surgery needed to have the platinum ring implanted and the unsightly fibrous band it left. This simple idea was circulated among a small network of men who had been sharing whatever information they could find on [[foreskin restoration]] as well as their ideas and experimentation. As a result, in 1982, [[BUFF]] (Brothers United for Future Foreskins) was born.<ref name="bigelow1994"/>

Despite the possible complications of surgery and the inevitable presence of scars, the main disadvantage seems to be the different color and texture of the original [[penile skin]] and the graft. This outcome may not be what the patient had expected; therefore, most foreskin restoration seekers nowadays prefer [[Tissue expansion|skin expansion]] systems, which avoid these problems.

~~Surgical foreskin restoration is only rarely, if ever, practiced today.~~

==A new surgical technique from India==

Gupta, Mehta, & Gupta (2021), working in [[India]], have described a new surgical technique to provide coverage of the [[glans penis]] at all times, including tumescence, for men who were involuntarily [[circumcised]] in childhood or who had a congenitally short prepuce ([[foreskin]]). The procedure has been performed on 46 patients with apparent complete success, although penetrating sexual performance has not been evaluated.<ref name="gupta2021">{{REFjournal

Line 281:

Line 295:

* [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]

* [[United States of America]]

* {{REFweb

Line 296:

Line 311:

|accessdate=2020-01-02

}}

Line 306:

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[[Category:From IntactWiki]]

[[de:Chirurgische Vorhautrestaurierung]]

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 == Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach ==
-The founder of modern plastic surgery, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach (1795-1847, Berlin), dedicated a whole chapter in both of his surgical textbooks, from 1829 and 1845, on the problem of how to restore the [[Foreskin| prepuce]]. He entitled this operation "posthioplastice".<ref name="schultheiss1998" /> After recapitulating Celsus methods, he offered technical improvements to prevent postoperative failure.
+The founder of modern plastic surgery, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach (1795-1847, Berlin), dedicated a whole chapter in both of his surgical textbooks, from 1829 and 1845, on the problem of how to restore the [[Foreskin| prepuce]]. He entitled this operation "posthioplastice".<ref name="schultheiss1998"/> After recapitulating Celsus methods, he offered technical improvements to prevent postoperative failure.
 == The Nazi era ==
-The persecution of Jews under the Nazi regime made the state of being [[circumcised]] a life-threatening fact, making no difference whether the person had lost his [[foreskin]] for religious reasons or because of a congenital or acquired [[phimosis]]. So every circumcised man at that time was in danger of being denounced and, therefore, had to hide his genital state or have it [[uncircumcised]]. There exist several personal reports of patients undergoing and doctors performing uncircumcision during this time. One example is the work of Tenenbaum who knew several of these doctors and also examined some of the patients treated.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />
+The persecution of Jews under the Nazi regime made the state of being [[circumcised]] a life-threatening fact, making no difference whether the person had lost his [[foreskin]] for religious reasons or because of a congenital or acquired [[phimosis]]. So every circumcised man at that time was in danger of being denounced and, therefore, had to hide his genital state or have it [[uncircumcised]]. There exist several personal reports of patients undergoing and doctors performing uncircumcision during this time. One example is the work of Tenenbaum who knew several of these doctors and also examined some of the patients treated.<ref name="schultheiss1998"/>
-According to the literature, there were Polish doctors who devised hasty, crude surgical techniques to help Jews in occupied areas of Europe avoid detection. Some of these procedures were surprisingly reminiscent of those described by Celsus nearly 2000 years earlier. There is no evidence that any of these methods was continued after the collapse of the Nazi regime.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />
+According to the literature, there were Polish doctors who devised hasty, crude surgical techniques to help Jews in occupied areas of Europe avoid detection. Some of these procedures were surprisingly reminiscent of those described by Celsus nearly 2000 years earlier. There is no evidence that any of these methods was continued after the collapse of the Nazi regime.<ref name="schultheiss1998"/>
-Feriz performed several operations on [[circumcised]] patients in occupied Holland. After a circumferential incision at the base of the [[penis]] the [[penile skin]] was pulled over the [[glans]], forming the new [[prepuce]]. The proximal [[skin]] defect was then covered by burying the [[penis]] under a tunnel of ventral [[scrotal skin]]. In a second stage operation about 10 days later he mobilized the [[penis]] and closed the new [[skin]] layer at the underside of the [[penis]]. The scrotal defect was easily closed in all cases. In his publication from 1962, Feriz reported no complications, and all of his patients were satisfied with the postoperative result; none of them requested a reversal of the surgery after the war.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />
+Feriz performed several operations on [[circumcised]] patients in occupied Holland. After a circumferential incision at the base of the [[penis]] the [[penile skin]] was pulled over the [[glans]], forming the new [[prepuce]]. The proximal [[skin]] defect was then covered by burying the [[penis]] under a tunnel of ventral [[scrotal skin]]. In a second stage operation about 10 days later he mobilized the [[penis]] and closed the new [[skin]] layer at the underside of the [[penis]]. The scrotal defect was easily closed in all cases. In his publication from 1962, Feriz reported no complications, and all of his patients were satisfied with the postoperative result; none of them requested a reversal of the surgery after the war.<ref name="schultheiss1998"/>
 In 1965, Tushnet reported three different procedures to restore the [[prepuce]] depending on the age of the patient, the remaining preputial [[skin]], and the skill of the surgeon.<ref name="tushmet1965">{{REFjournal
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
   |DOI=10.1016/s0007-1226(63)80123-x
   |accessdate=2020-01-02
-}}</ref> His article and the ones of the following years failed to give detailed information on the patient's motivation, and the authors were to a certain extent criticized for performing such a procedure at all. Penn from Johannesburg, after performing a proximal circular incision and pulling forward the [[penile skin]] to form a new [[prepuce]], covered the denuded shaft with a "free graft", not indicating from where he took this graft.<ref name="penn1963" />
+}}</ref> His article and the ones of the following years failed to give detailed information on the patient's motivation, and the authors were to a certain extent criticized for performing such a procedure at all. Penn from Johannesburg, after performing a proximal circular incision and pulling forward the [[penile skin]] to form a new [[prepuce]], covered the denuded shaft with a "free graft", not indicating from where he took this graft.<ref name="penn1963"/>
-An American medical doctor had a surgical reconstruction of his [[foreskin]] performed in the 1970s. He recently released a NSFW report on his surgical foreskin restoration.<ref>{{REFweb
+An American medical doctor published on his involuntary circumcision and its after effects.<ref>{{REFweb
-  |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Hmguuseuh0qyQjzc3WkbHvr9Qf3o99TN/view
+  |url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WS4pmFCoHkq3UloORfSWi4VgnM11m_5-/edit
-  |title=Was It Worth All My Extra Effort?
+  |title=Unwarranted Presumption
   |last=Anonymous
   |first=
   |init=
   |publisher=Google
-  |date=
+  |date=2022-12-10
-  |accessdate=2022-12-12
+  |accessdate=2025-02-20
-}}</ref> His report does not represent current practice.
+}}</ref>
-In 1981, [[Paul C. Mohl]] presented the first detailed analysis of psychiatric aspects in a group of eight patients seeking prepuce restoration . He described several psychological disorders in these patients as narcissistic and exhibitionistic body image, depressions, major defects in early mothering, and ego pathology. Nowadays the understanding of the psychological motivations for uncircumcision is increasing, and the problem is dealt with more seriously.<ref name="watson2017" />
+In 1981, [[Paul C. Mohl]] presented the first detailed analysis of psychiatric aspects in a group of eight patients seeking prepuce restoration . He described several psychological disorders in these patients as narcissistic and exhibitionistic body image, depressions, major defects in early mothering, and ego pathology. Nowadays the understanding of the psychological motivations for uncircumcision is increasing, and the problem is dealt with more seriously.<ref name="watson2017"/>
 Goodwin covered the same defect in 1990 by implantation of the [[penis]] into the scrotum first and then liberating it in a second stage.<ref>{{REFjournal
   |last=Goodwin
@@ Line 165: / Line 165: @@
   |DOI=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39693-3
   |accessdate=2020-01-02
 }}</ref> This procedure is almost identical to the method of Feriz mentioned earlier and had been slightly modified before by Greer in 1982.<ref name="greer1983">{{REFjournal
   |last=Greer
@@ Line 197: / Line 196: @@
 }}</ref> A pedicled island scrotal flap was used for the same purpose by Lynch and Pryor in a one-stage procedure in 1993.
-Toronto plastic surgeon Dr Robert H Stubbs performed a surgical restoration in a two-stage procedure in [[Canada]].<ref>{{REFnews
+Toronto plastic surgeon Dr Robert H. Stubbs (2006) performed a surgical restoration in a two-stage procedure in [[Canada]].<ref>{{REFnews
   |title=BC man's foreskin op a success
   |url=https://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/2006/06_30/3_patients_practice01_12.html
@@ Line 224: / Line 223: @@
   |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/bigelow
   |accessdate=2010-01-02
-}}
+}}</ref>
-</ref>
+===Contemporary surgical foreskin restoration===
+Surgical foreskin restoration has mostly been replaced by non-surgical foreskin restoration, but it appears surgical foreskin restoration is still available for a price.
+An anonymous individual who uses the screen name, <b>foreskin_revolution</b>, has posted a series of posts, starting in October 2025, regarding his surgical foreskin restoration by a surgeon in California, named Sven Gunther. They may be viewed online.<ref>{{REFweb
+ |title=foreskin_revolution
+ |url=https://www.reddit.com/user/foreskin_revolution/
+ |archived=
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |last=Anonymous
+ |publisher=REDDIT
+ |website=https://en.intactiwiki.org/
+ |date=2025
+ |accessdate=2026-01-26
+  |quote=$20,000.00.
+}}</ref>
 ==The jump to non-surgical methods  ==
-While reviewing the results of the implanted-ring procedure, an engineer living in the Pacific Northwest hit upon the idea of using tape to hold the [[skin]] in place over the [[glans]]. His intent was to avoid both the surgery needed to have the platinum ring implanted and the unsightly fibrous band it left. This simple idea was circulated among a small network of men who had been sharing whatever information they could find on [[foreskin restoration]] as well as their ideas and experimentation. As a result, in 1982, [[BUFF]] (Brothers United for Future Foreskins) was born.<ref name="bigelow1994" />
+While reviewing the results of the implanted-ring procedure, an engineer living in the Pacific Northwest hit upon the idea of using tape to hold the [[skin]] in place over the [[glans]]. His intent was to avoid both the surgery needed to have the platinum ring implanted and the unsightly fibrous band it left. This simple idea was circulated among a small network of men who had been sharing whatever information they could find on [[foreskin restoration]] as well as their ideas and experimentation. As a result, in 1982, [[BUFF]] (Brothers United for Future Foreskins) was born.<ref name="bigelow1994"/>
 Despite the possible complications of surgery and the inevitable presence of scars, the main disadvantage seems to be the different color and texture of the original [[penile skin]] and the graft. This outcome may not be what the patient had expected; therefore, most foreskin restoration seekers nowadays prefer [[Tissue expansion|skin expansion]] systems, which avoid these problems.
-Surgical foreskin restoration is only rarely, if ever, practiced today.
 ==A new surgical technique from India==
 Gupta, Mehta, & Gupta (2021), working in [[India]], have described a new surgical technique to provide coverage of the [[glans penis]] at all times, including tumescence, for men who were involuntarily [[circumcised]] in childhood or who had a congenitally short prepuce ([[foreskin]]). The procedure has been performed on 46 patients with apparent complete success, although penetrating sexual performance has not been evaluated.<ref name="gupta2021">{{REFjournal
@@ Line 281: / Line 295: @@
 * [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]
 * [[United States of America]]
 {{LINKS}}
 * {{REFweb
@@ Line 296: / Line 311: @@
   |accessdate=2020-01-02
 }}
 {{REF}}
@@ Line 306: / Line 322: @@
 [[Category:From IntactWiki]]
+[[de:Chirurgische Vorhautrestaurierung]]