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  |date=2003
  |date=2003
  |accessdate=2022-11-13
  |accessdate=2022-11-13
}}</ref> Circumcision causes trauma.<ref>{{REFbook
}}</ref> Trauma also is "wound, shock, or injury.<ref name="woods2026">{{REFjournal
|last=Woods
|init=Tyler
|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/trauma
|title=Trauma
|journal=Psychology Today
|date=2009-03-17
|accessdate=2026-06-01
}}</ref>
 
Circumcision causes trauma.<ref>{{REFbook
  |last=Goldman
  |last=Goldman
  |first=Ronald
  |first=Ronald
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== Physical trauma ==
== Physical trauma ==
Physical trauma is any injury caused by a mechanical or physical agent.<ref name="trauma2003"/>
Physical trauma is any injury caused by a mechanical or physical agent.<ref name="trauma2003"/>
== Childhood trauma ==
Childhood trauma affects behavior throughout life.<ref>{{REFconference
|last=Miller
|first=Alice
|author-link=Alice Miller
|title=Childhood Trauma
|trans-title=
|language=
|url=https://www.naturalchild.org/articles/alice_miller/childhood_trauma.html
|archived=
|place=Lexington 92nd Street YWHA in New York City
|publisher=The Natural Child Project
|source=
|date=1998-10-22
|accessdate=2026-05-26
}}</ref>


== Psychic trauma ==
== Psychic trauma ==
Psychic trauma is a  psychologically upsetting experience that produces an emotional or mental disorder or otherwise has lasting negative effects on a person's thoughts, feelings, or behavior.<ref name="trauma2003" />
Psychic trauma is a  psychologically upsetting experience that produces an emotional or mental disorder or otherwise has lasting negative effects on a person's thoughts, feelings, or behavior.<ref name="trauma2003" /><ref name="woods2026" />  
== Birth trauma ==
== Birth trauma ==


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== Circumcision trauma ==
== Circumcision trauma ==
The consequences of circumcision trauma continue to be questioned.<ref name="batterly2023">{{REFjournal
|last=Batterley
|first=
|init=M
|author-link=
|last2=Metters
|first2=
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|last3=Smith
|first3
|init3=D
|author3-link=David Smith
|etal=no
|title=Male Circumcision-Based Trauma: Should it be Shown Greater Recognition?
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=PsyArXiv
|location=
|date=2023-01-18
|volume=Preprint
|pages=1-13
|url=https://psyarxiv.com/4yv62/
|archived=
|quote=
|DOI=10.31234/osf.io/4yv62
|accessdate=2026-06-07
}}</ref>
There are no medical indications for infant [[circumcision]],<ref>{{REFbook
There are no medical indications for infant [[circumcision]],<ref>{{REFbook
  |last=Committee on Fetus and Newborn
  |last=Committee on Fetus and Newborn
Line 90: Line 145:
  |ISBN=
  |ISBN=
  |accessdate=2024-04-03
  |accessdate=2024-04-03
  }}</ref> which is a [[Pain| painful]], traumatic, non-therapeutic, medically-unnecessary invasive amputative surgery.<ref name="garrett2023-12-17">{{REFweb
  }}</ref> which is a [[Pain| painful]], traumatic, non-therapeutic, medically-unnecessary invasive [[amputation]] of functional tissue.<ref name="garrett2023-12-17">{{REFweb
  |url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma/
  |url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma/
  |title=Circumcision Trauma: The Invisible Elephant in the Room
  |title=Circumcision Trauma: The Invisible Elephant in the Room
Line 100: Line 155:
  |date=2023-12-17
  |date=2023-12-17
  |accessdate=2024-05-15
  |accessdate=2024-05-15
}}</ref> Infant circumcision still occurs more than 2,000 times a day in the [[United States]]. Circumcision trauma includes physical trauma. sexual trauma,<ref name="remennick2022">{{REFjournal
}}</ref> [[Circumcision of the newborn]] still occurs more than 901,000 times a year in the [[United States]] or about 2,400 times per day.<ref>[Births in the United States, 2024 Births in the United States]</ref>
 
Circumcision trauma includes physical trauma,<ref name="boyle2002">{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref> sexual trauma,<ref name="remennick2022">{{REFjournal
  |last=Remennick
  |last=Remennick
  |first=
  |first=
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  |format=PDF
  |format=PDF
  |accessdate=2024-12-30
  |accessdate=2024-12-30
}}</ref> and psychic trauma.<ref name="boyle2002">{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref> <ref>{{REFjournal
}}</ref> and psychic trauma.<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Aydoğdu
  |last=Aydoğdu
  |first=
  |first=
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  |date=2023-11-04
  |date=2023-11-04
  |accessdate=2024-06-02
  |accessdate=2024-06-02
}}</ref> Batteley, Metters & Smith (2023) state, in addition to the physical risks, the psychological risks should receive attention.<ref name="batterley2023">{{REFjournal
}}</ref> Batteley, Metters & Smith (2023) state, in addition to the physical risks, the psychological risks should receive attention.<ref name="batterly2023" />
|last=Batterley
|first=
|init=M
|author-link=
|last2=Metters
|first2=
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|last3=Smith
|first3
|init3=D
|author3-link=David Smith
|etal=no
|title=Male Circumcision-Based Trauma: Should it be Shown Greater Recognition?
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=PsyArXiv
|location=
|date=2023-01-18
|volume=Preprint
|pages=1-13
|url=https://psyarxiv.com/4yv62/
|archived=
|quote=
|DOI=10.31234/osf.io/4yv62
|accessdate=2023-02-25
}}</ref>


[[Dan Bollinger| Bollinger]] (2023) reported a preliminary survey comparing [[intact]] and [[circumcised]] men using the ACE test. The [[circumcised]] men had higher ACE scores than the [[intact]] men. Bollinger has called for additional study to determine if male genital cutting (circumcision) should be classified as an [[Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)| Adverse Childhood Experience]].<ref name="bollinger2023">{{REFjournal
[[Dan Bollinger| Bollinger]] (2023) reported a preliminary survey comparing [[intact]] and [[circumcised]] men using the ACE test. The [[circumcised]] men had higher ACE scores than the [[intact]] men. Bollinger has called for additional study to determine if male genital cutting (circumcision) should be classified as an [[Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)| Adverse Childhood Experience]].<ref name="bollinger2023">{{REFjournal
Line 232: Line 262:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Although the [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]], which promote harmful child circumcision for their profit, minimize its effects, the trauma from [[circumcision]] is an extremely serious matter. Professor [[Jonathan A. Allan]] (2024) has devoted an entire chapter in his book to the issue of circumcision trauma.<ref name="allan2024">{{REFbook
Although the [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]], which promote harmful child circumcision for their [[Financial incentive| profit]], minimize its effects, the trauma from [[circumcision]] is an extremely serious matter. Professor [[Jonathan A. Allan]] (2024) has devoted an entire chapter in his book to the issue of circumcision trauma.<ref name="allan2024">{{REFbook
  |last=Allan
  |last=Allan
  |first=
  |first=
Line 256: Line 286:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
=== Physical circumcision trauma ===
=== Physical circumcision trauma ===
Circumcision, more properly described as ''posthectomy'', is the surgical excision and amputation of the [[foreskin]] of the [[penis]], which permanently removes a significant portion of the epithelium of the [[penis]] and destroys the significant and important [[Foreskin#Protective_functions| protective]], [[Foreskin#Immunological_functions| immunological]], [[Foreskin#Sexual_functions| sexual]], and [[Foreskin#Sexual_behavior| sensory]] physiological functions of that structure, and leaves the patient permanently and irreversibly impaired by the loss of those functions.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>
Circumcision, more properly described as ''[[posthectomy]]'', is the surgical excision and [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] of the [[penis]], which permanently removes a significant portion of the epithelium of the [[penis]] and destroys the significant and important [[Foreskin#Protective_functions| protective]], [[Foreskin#Immunological_functions| immunological]], [[Foreskin#Sexual_functions| sexual]], and [[Foreskin#Sexual_behavior| sensory]] physiological functions of that structure, and leaves the patient permanently and irreversibly impaired by the loss of those functions.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>


==== Results of physical circumcision trauma ====
==== Results of physical circumcision trauma ====
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=== Psychic circumcision trauma ===
=== Psychic circumcision trauma ===
According to [[Marilyn Milos]], "every man who has a scar on his [[penis]] also has a scar on his psyche." The medical community, however, has been slow to recognize the trauma of [[circumcision]].<ref name="batterley2023" /> <ref name="goldman1999">{{REFjournal
According to [[Marilyn Milos]], "every man who has a scar on his [[penis]] also has a scar on his psyche." The medical community, however, has been slow to recognize the trauma of [[circumcision]].<ref name="batterly2023" /> <ref name="goldman1999">{{REFjournal
  |last=Goldman
  |last=Goldman
  |first=
  |first=
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* [[Adamant father syndrome]]
* [[Adamant father syndrome]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
==Intact America==
[[Intact America]] is taking action to inform the public about the psychic trauma and effects of harmful child circumcision by publishing articles about the trauma and its treatment.
===Published articles===
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/negative-effects-of-circumcision-in-later-life/
|title=Negative Effects of Circumcision in Later Life: Long-term Implications
|last=Garrett
|first=
|init=CJ
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2023-12-23
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma-in-bedroom/
|title=Severed Intimacy: Navigating Circumcision Trauma in The Bedroom
|last=Garrett
|first=
|init=CJ
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-01-16
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/timeline-of-circumcision-suffering/
|title=A Timeline of Circumcision Suffering: A Detailed Look
|last=Garrett
|first=
|init=CJ
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-02-02
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/emotional-weight-of-circumcision/
|title=The Emotional Weight of Circumcision: Beyond the Physical Cut
|last=Alissa
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=Kristel Alissa
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-12-22
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/mens-therapy-group-circumcision-trauma/
|title=Healing After Forced Genital Cutting: A Therapist’s Perspective on Men’s Recovery and Resistance
|last=Anderson
|first=
|init=D
|author-link=Dale Andersen
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-11-10
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/intact-america-support-group-eugene-belilovsky/
|title=Circumcision Trauma Support: Eugene Belilovsky on Healing Through Intact America’s Support Groups
|last=Belilovsky
|first=Eugene
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-11-26
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/navigating-the-layers-of-circumcision-trauma/
|title=Navigating the Layers of Circumcision Trauma
|last=Rhorer
|first=
|init=C
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-12-29
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/grieving-into-acceptance-circumcision-healing/
|title=Healing Circumcision Trauma: A Therapist’s Guide to Grief, Acceptance, and Intimacy
|last=Rhodriguez
|first=Paola
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2026-01-04
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}


== Ethics ==
== Ethics ==
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}}</ref> Consent by a surrogate for a non-therapeutic circumcision is an unethical practice.
}}</ref> Consent by a surrogate for a non-therapeutic circumcision is an unethical practice.
== Video ==
== Video ==
<b>Circumcision: Trauma, Psychological Effects, Cultural Beliefs</b>
===Circumcision: Trauma for a Newborn Boy (Thoughts on Male Genital Mutilation)===
<youtube>v=2vkltwCLzsw</youtube>
===Circumcision: Trauma, Psychological Effects, Cultural Beliefs===
<youtube>v=lNItNHs9PR8&list=PLmrnvFzPoEloNFlh1lNKzig41vqprZnoc&index=1</youtube>
<youtube>v=lNItNHs9PR8&list=PLmrnvFzPoEloNFlh1lNKzig41vqprZnoc&index=1</youtube>
===Therapy Uncovers Circumcision Trauma===
<youtube>v=n5NDYG6w2eA</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)]]
* [[Circumstraint]]
* [[Circumstraint]]
* [[Pain]]
* [[Pain]]
* [[Protection of intact newborns in hospital]]
* [[Protection of intact newborns in hospital]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Psychological literature about male circumcision]]
* [[Psychological literature about male circumcision]]
* [[Ronald Goldman Testifies On Circumcision Trauma At Historic PACE Hearing]]
* [[Ronald Goldman Testifies On Circumcision Trauma At Historic PACE Hearing]]
 
* [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]
* [[Vagina]]
{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
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  |date=
  |date=
  |accessdate=2024-05-09
  |accessdate=2024-05-09
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.verywellmind.com/signs-of-childhood-trauma-in-adults-5207979?hid=3004559afef75db5631e964d1212ec175a774c9e&did=18229677-20250627&lctg=3004559afef75db5631e964d1212ec175a774c9e&lr_input=26e7f2434137ffb0e492a98b870be0a76eb8bfe817d1bc8584c36552ebd17582
|title=Signs of Childhood Trauma in Adults
|last=Loggins
|first=Brittany
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Verywell Mind
|date=2023-12-04
|accessdate=2025-06-27
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/circumcision-trauma-suicide-son/
|title=A Mother’s Grief: Circumcision Added to My Son’s Trauma Burden
|last=Couture
|first=Laurie A.
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2025-09-28
|accessdate=2025-10-03
}}
* {{REFweb
|title=Navigating the Layers of Circumcision Trauma
|url=https://intactamerica.org/navigating-the-layers-of-circumcision-trauma/
|trans-title=
|last=Rhorer
|first=Caitlyn
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|website=https://intactamerica.org
|date=2025-12-29
|accessdate=2025-12-31
|quote=While men may lack a coherent narrative or explicit memory of the event, the physiological impact remains stored within the body.
}}
}}
{{REF}}
{{REF}}
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