Third-party payment in the United States: Difference between revisions

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==The certain harm of circumcision==

[[Circumcision]] is a cutting operation to amputate a functional part of the [[penis]]. Newborn boys cannot receive general anesthesia, so every circumcision of newborn boys causes great [[pain]]. Analgesia is offered to sell [[circumcision]] by making parents feel better, but does little for the infant boy. There is also extreme physical and psychic [[trauma]] caused by the loss of a body part. The [[foreskin]] normally has [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions]], which are destroyed with the [[amputation]].

[[Circumcision]] is a cutting operation to amputate a functional part of the [[penis]]. Newborn boys cannot receive general anesthesia, so every circumcision of newborn boys causes great [[pain]]. Analgesia is offered to sell [[circumcision]] by making parents feel better, but does little for the infant boy. There is also extreme physical and psychic [[trauma]] caused by the loss of a body part. The [[foreskin]] normally has [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions]], which are destroyed with the [[amputation]]. [[Infection]] is more likely because of the open wound on the [[penis]] and lack of protection by the absent [[foreskin]].

All circumcisions excise the [[ridged band]], which is the source of much [[Sexual sensation of the foreskin| sexual sensation]], resulting in a permanent life-time loss of sensation.

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}}</ref>

The excision of skin by circumcision makes painful erections more likely. [[Circumcised]] males may experience tight and/or painful erections when there is insufficient residual shaft [[skin]] to permit full expansion and extension of the shaft of the [[penis]] during [[erection]].

The excision of skin by [[circumcision]] makes painful erections more likely. [[Circumcised]] males may experience tight and/or painful erections when there is insufficient residual shaft [[skin]] to permit full expansion and extension of the shaft of the [[penis]] during [[erection]].

Maguire & Parkes (1998) stress the need to grieve loss of body parts and functions,<ref>{{REFjournal

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}}</ref>

The advent of [[HIV]] provided an additional excuse to provide free circumcision.

The advent of [[HIV]] provided an additional excuse to provide free circumcision, although the incidence of HIV infection is higher in [[circumcised]] men.

===Cost of complications===

Moreover, the [[foreskin]] has [[Immunological_and_protective_function_of_the_foreskin| immunological and protective functions]] that are ablated by circumcision, therefore [[foreskinned]] males enjoy better health.<ref>{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> <ref name="vanhowe2006" /> <ref name="fendereski2024">{{REFjournal

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* [https://www.opm.gov/healthcare-insurance/healthcare The Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program] (For federal employees and their dependents.)

* [https://www.state.gov/pepfar/ President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief] ([[PEPFAR]]) (For every male who lives in Africa.)

==Fraud, waste, and abuse==

Third-party payment for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]], by various U.S. government entities, enriches medical doctors, but causes [[pain]], [[trauma]], and irreversible injury to patients. It is a glaring example of the <b>fraud, waste, and abuse</b> that is so endemic throughout the federal bureaucracy.

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 ==The certain harm of circumcision==
-[[Circumcision]] is a cutting operation to amputate a functional part of the [[penis]]. Newborn boys cannot receive general anesthesia, so every circumcision of newborn boys causes great [[pain]]. Analgesia is offered to sell [[circumcision]] by making parents feel better, but does little for the infant boy. There is also extreme physical and psychic [[trauma]] caused by the loss of a body part. The [[foreskin]] normally has [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions]], which are destroyed with the [[amputation]].
+[[Circumcision]] is a cutting operation to amputate a functional part of the [[penis]]. Newborn boys cannot receive general anesthesia, so every circumcision of newborn boys causes great [[pain]]. Analgesia is offered to sell [[circumcision]] by making parents feel better, but does little for the infant boy. There is also extreme physical and psychic [[trauma]] caused by the loss of a body part. The [[foreskin]] normally has [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions]], which are destroyed with the [[amputation]]. [[Infection]] is more likely because of the open wound on the [[penis]] and lack of protection by the absent [[foreskin]].
 All circumcisions excise the [[ridged band]], which is the source of much [[Sexual sensation of the foreskin| sexual sensation]], resulting in a permanent life-time loss of sensation.
@@ Line 111: / Line 111: @@
 }}</ref>
-The excision of skin by circumcision makes painful erections more likely. [[Circumcised]] males may experience tight and/or painful erections when there is insufficient residual shaft [[skin]] to permit full expansion and extension of the shaft of the [[penis]] during [[erection]].
+The excision of skin by [[circumcision]] makes painful erections more likely. [[Circumcised]] males may experience tight and/or painful erections when there is insufficient residual shaft [[skin]] to permit full expansion and extension of the shaft of the [[penis]] during [[erection]].
 Maguire & Parkes (1998) stress the need to grieve loss of body parts and functions,<ref>{{REFjournal
@@ Line 222: / Line 222: @@
 }}</ref>
-The advent of [[HIV]] provided an additional excuse to provide free circumcision.
+The advent of [[HIV]] provided an additional excuse to provide free circumcision, although the incidence of HIV infection is higher in [[circumcised]] men.
 ===Cost of complications===
 Moreover, the [[foreskin]] has [[Immunological_and_protective_function_of_the_foreskin| immunological and protective functions]] that are ablated by circumcision, therefore [[foreskinned]] males enjoy better health.<ref>{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> <ref name="vanhowe2006" /> <ref name="fendereski2024">{{REFjournal
@@ Line 299: / Line 299: @@
 * [https://www.opm.gov/healthcare-insurance/healthcare The Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program] (For federal employees and their dependents.)
 * [https://www.state.gov/pepfar/ President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief] ([[PEPFAR]]) (For every male who lives in Africa.)
 ==Fraud, waste, and abuse==
 Third-party payment for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]], by various U.S. government entities, enriches medical doctors, but causes [[pain]], [[trauma]], and irreversible injury to patients. It is a glaring example of the <b>fraud, waste, and abuse</b> that is so endemic throughout the federal bureaucracy.