Informed consent: Difference between revisions
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}}</ref> After several generations of promotion of and near universal neonatal circumcision in the United States, most Americans are profoundly ignorant of a normal body part and its valuable functions. | }}</ref> After several generations of promotion of and near universal neonatal circumcision in the United States, most Americans are profoundly ignorant of a normal body part and its valuable functions. | ||
=== Surrogate consent === | === Surrogate consent === | ||
Parents act as surrogates for their minor children who are too young to personally grant consent.<ref name="alissa2025-03-25A"/> Surrogate consent ethically is limited to the granting of consent for diagnosis and treatment of disease.<ref name="aap1995">{{REFjournal | Parents act as surrogates for their minor children who are too young to personally grant consent.<ref name="alissa2025-03-25A"/> [[Surrogate consent]] ethically is limited to the granting of consent for diagnosis and treatment of disease.<ref name="aap1995">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Committee on Bioethics | |last=Committee on Bioethics | ||
|etal=no | |etal=no | ||
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|issue=2 | |issue=2 | ||
|page=E20 | |page=E20 | ||
}}</ref> Doctors commonly fail to provide information on the nature and functions of the [[foreskin]] which are lost when a person is [[circumcised]]. Doctors must be fully informed regarding the nature of the [[foreskin]] and [[circumcision]].<ref name="alissa2025-03-25>{{REFweb | |||
|url=https://intactamerica.org/what-doctors-should-know-about-circumcision/ | |||
|title=What Every Doctor Should Know About Circumcision: A Call for Better Medical Practices | |||
|last=Alissa | |||
|first= | |||
|init=K | |||
|author-link=Kristel Alissa | |||
|publisher=Intact America | |||
|date=2025-03-25 | |||
|accessdate=2025-07-01 | |||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
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}}</ref> This suggests that doctors are very well aware that [[circumcision]] is a harmful, [[Pain| painful]], [[Trauma| traumatic]] non-therapeutic surgery (in short, a ritual); but they do not appear to share this knowledge with parents. Doctors usually omit information on the nature of the [[foreskin]] and its functions.<ref name="alissa2025-03-25A"/> | }}</ref> This suggests that doctors are very well aware that [[circumcision]] is a harmful, [[Pain| painful]], [[Trauma| traumatic]] non-therapeutic surgery (in short, a ritual); but they do not appear to share this knowledge with parents. Doctors usually omit information on the nature of the [[foreskin]] and its functions.<ref name="alissa2025-03-25A"/> | ||
A busy physician can supplement their | A busy physician can supplement their income by as much as $60,000 per year from circumcision surgeries alone.<ref>{{REFbook | ||
|last=Fleiss | |last=Fleiss | ||
|first=Paul M. | |first=Paul M. | ||
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It appears that the major reason to administer analgesia to infants undergoing circumcision may be to minimize parents' feeling of guilt and to get their consent for a profitable [[amputation]]. | It appears that the major reason to administer analgesia to infants undergoing circumcision may be to minimize parents' feeling of guilt and to get their consent for a profitable [[amputation]]. | ||
==Informed consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of minor boys== | ==Informed consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of minor boys== | ||
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Infant boys are born with a healthy [[foreskin]]. No disease or deformity is present to be diagnosed or treated. [[Circumcision]] of an infant boy is neither a diagnostic procedure nor a treatment for disease. The limited parental surrogate powers to grant informed permission recognized by the Bioethics Committee do not extend to the granting of permission or consent for the non-therapeutic circumcision of a minor child.<ref name="aap1995" /> | Infant boys are born with a healthy [[foreskin]]. No disease or deformity is present to be diagnosed or treated. [[Circumcision]] of an infant boy is neither a diagnostic procedure nor a treatment for disease. The limited parental surrogate powers to grant informed permission recognized by the Bioethics Committee do not extend to the granting of permission or consent for the non-therapeutic circumcision of a minor child.<ref name="aap1995" /> | ||
If the [[circumcision industry]] had actually followed this sound ethical guidance, then the [[circumcision]] of male infants would have ended abruptly. The medical industry has chosen to ignore this advice and allow parents to grant surrogate consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of male children, so that the physician income derived from circumcision may be maintained. | If the [[circumcision industry]] had actually followed this sound ethical guidance, then the [[circumcision]] of male infants would have ended abruptly. The medical industry has chosen to ignore this advice and allow parents to grant surrogate consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of male children, so that the physician income derived from circumcision may be maintained.<ref name="alissa2025-03-25B">{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://intactamerica.org/ethical-debate-behind-circumcision/ | |||
|title=Are We Sacrificing Newborns for Tradition? The Ethical Debate Behind Circumcision | |||
|last=Alissa | |||
|first= | |||
|init=K | |||
|author-link=Kristel Alissa | |||
|publisher=Intact America | |||
|date=2025-03-25 | |||
|accessdate=2025-03-29 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
Svoboda et al. (2000) examined the ethics and legality of informed consent for non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision. With regard to ethics, they concluded: | Svoboda et al. (2000) examined the ethics and legality of informed consent for non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision. With regard to ethics, they concluded: | ||
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A court of appeals in Cologne, Germany [[Cologne circumcision court judgment]] ruled in 2012 that non-therapeutic male circumcision is an assault on the child, an injury to the child, and a violation of the child's rights under the [https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80201000.pdf Basic Law of Germany]. No American court has so ruled. Until such time as an American court issues such a ruling, non-therapeutic circumcision of children in America, driven by the [[Financial Incentive| financial incentive]] is expected to continue. | A court of appeals in Cologne, Germany [[Cologne circumcision court judgment]] ruled in 2012 that non-therapeutic male circumcision is an assault on the child, an injury to the child, and a violation of the child's rights under the [https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80201000.pdf Basic Law of Germany]. No American court has so ruled. Until such time as an American court issues such a ruling, non-therapeutic circumcision of children in America, driven by the [[Financial Incentive| financial incentive]] is expected to continue. | ||
At the present time, ethics and law notwithstanding, non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys are performed with parental consent. Parents will be offered medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision and encouraged to grant consent, the sole beneficiary being the bank accounts of the hospital and the doctor. The information supplied below is intended to inform and assist parents of boys. | At the present time, ethics and law notwithstanding, non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys are performed with parental consent.<ref name="alissa2025-03-25B" /> Parents will be offered medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision and encouraged to grant consent, the sole beneficiary being the bank accounts of the hospital and the doctor. The information supplied below is intended to inform and assist parents of boys. | ||
The Bioethics Committee (2016) of the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] updated its guidance on informed consent in pediatric practice,<ref name="aap1995" /> however it still does not recognize the child as a human being with rights under domestic and international law.<ref>{{REFjournal | The Bioethics Committee (2016) of the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] updated its guidance on informed consent in pediatric practice,<ref name="aap1995" /> however it still does not recognize the child as a human being with rights under domestic and international law.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
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</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
Although this may be | Although this may be a slight advance, Wasserman et al., speaking for the [[AAP]], still do not recognize the [[human rights]] of children. | ||
== Correct age for circumcision == | == Correct age for circumcision == | ||
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|accessdate=2023-09-17 | |accessdate=2023-09-17 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
==Video== | |||
===Circumcision — Your Legal Rights=== | |||
<youtube>v=8GT03orcHWM</youtube> | |||
[[Intaction]] (2022) has provided an introductory video. | |||
<youtube>v=DcfyCpRUlFY</youtube> | |||
<br> | |||
===[[15 Square]] has provided a video.=== | |||
<youtube>v=xjqxeTg7JUc</youtube> | |||
===Infant circumcision operation=== | |||
(This video is age restricted, so one must be signed in to view it} | |||
<youtube>v=W2PKdDOjooA&t=124s</youtube> | |||
=== Infant circumcision procedure === | |||
This is a video of an actual infant [[circumcision]]. It has a sound tract so one can hear the comments of the doctor and the sounds made by the infant. The doctor gives an injection of local anesthetic that apparently does not stop any pain at all. The infant goes silent at about 6:15 on the video, so he may have gone into [[shock]] at that time. Not for the squeamish: | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Intactivism/comments/qbpzqr/trained_medical_professionals_restrain_infant_to/ | |||
|archived= | |||
|title=Trained medical professionals restrain infant to amputate part of its body while baby kicks and screams in pain | |||
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*[https://www.reddit.com/r/Intactivism/comments/qbpzqr/trained_medical_professionals_restrain_infant_to/ Circumcision video] | |||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
* [[Ethics of non-therapeutic child circumcision]] | |||
* [[Human rights]] | * [[Human rights]] | ||
* [[Litigation over circumcision]] | * [[Litigation over circumcision]] | ||
* [[Pain]] | * [[Pain]] | ||
* [[Risks and complications]] | * [[Risks and complications]] | ||
* [[Surrogate consent]] | |||
* [[Wrongful circumcision]] | * [[Wrongful circumcision]] | ||
* [[Trauma]] | * [[Trauma]] | ||
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|title=Physicians for Informed Consent | |title=Physicians for Informed Consent | ||
|accessdate=2022-08-25 | |accessdate=2022-08-25 | ||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://intactamerica.org/dyk-parental-consent/ | |||
|title=“Do You Know?” About the Limits of Parental Consent | |||
|last=Chapin | |||
|first=Georganne | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link=Georganne Chapin | |||
|publisher=Intact America | |||
|date=2023-02-01 | |||
|accessdate=2025-11-21 | |||
}} | }} | ||
* {{REFweb | * {{REFweb | ||
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|accessdate=2024-07-11 | |accessdate=2024-07-11 | ||
}} | }} | ||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=https://www.reddit.com/user/C4Charkey/comments/1jun080/the_accidental_intactivist_manifesto_v_the/ | |||
|title=The Betrayal of Informed Consent: The Architects of Compliance and the Conspiracy of Silence | |||
|last=C4Charkey | |||
|first= | |||
|init= | |||
|author-link= | |||
|publisher=Reddit | |||
|date=2025-04 | |||
|accessdate=2025-04-12 | |||
}} | |||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||