Circumcision study flaws: Difference between revisions
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Bossio et al. made three recommendations: | Bossio et al. made three recommendations: | ||
# That more | # That more rigorous and consistent methodology be used. | ||
# Empirically rigorous studies of the physiological effects of neonatal circumcision are needed. | # Empirically rigorous studies of the physiological effects of neonatal [[circumcision]] are needed. | ||
# Psychosocial factors, including [[Sexual effects of circumcision| sexual correlates of circumcision]], should be studied.<ref name="bossio2014" /> | # Psychosocial factors, including [[Sexual effects of circumcision| sexual correlates of circumcision]], should be studied.<ref name="bossio2014" /> | ||
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== Statements from medical trade associations == | == Statements from medical trade associations == | ||
Medical trade associations exist to protect and advance the financial and | [[Medical trade association| Medical trade associations]] exist to protect and advance the professional, financial, business, and legal interests of their fellows (members). A few medical trade associations, whose members perform non-therapeutic circumcision, have issued statements regarding non-therapeutic circumcision of children. Circumcision policy statements frequently exclude discussions of [[Sexual effects of circumcision| sexual]], [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| psychological]], [[human rights]], ethical, and [[Circumcision legal commentary| legal]] issues, and the [[Foreskin| anatomy and functions of the foreskin]].<ref name="goldman2004">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Goldman | |last=Goldman | ||
|first=Ronald | |first=Ronald | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
This statement has very serious omissions that bias it in favor of circumcision. The description of the [[foreskin]] omits important information, including its innervation, its protective functions, its immunological functions, and its sexual functions. The statement claims "potential" benefits, which exist only in someone's imagination. | This statement has very serious omissions that [[bias]] it in favor of circumcision. The description of the [[foreskin]] omits important information, including its innervation, its protective functions, its immunological functions, and its sexual functions. The statement claims "potential" benefits, which exist only in someone's imagination. | ||
The CPS statement revives the claims made by circumcision promoter [[Thomas E. Wiswell]]'s discredited studies from the 1980s in an apparent attempt to restart the [[Urinary_tract_infection#The_UTI_scare| UTI scare]]. It fails to mention that UTIS are easily treated with antibiotics.<ref name="McCracken 1989">{{REFjournal | The CPS statement revives the claims made by circumcision promoter [[Thomas E. Wiswell]]'s discredited studies from the 1980s in an apparent attempt to restart the [[Urinary_tract_infection#The_UTI_scare| UTI scare]]. It fails to mention that UTIS are easily treated with antibiotics.<ref name="McCracken 1989">{{REFjournal | ||
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The conclusion states that circumcision may be beneficial "for some boys", but fails to state which boys the CPS thinks would benefit by circumcision. | The conclusion states that circumcision may be beneficial "for some boys", but fails to state which boys the CPS thinks would benefit by circumcision. | ||
The statement seems amateurish. It seems to have been drafted by a committee of people who had no special knowledge or understanding of the human foreskin, circumcision, or the literature. It seems divorced from the reality in [[Canada]] that the health insurance plans do not pay for non-therapeutic circumcision and hospitals do not allow the performance of the non-therapeutic [[amputation]]. | The statement seems amateurish. It seems to have been drafted by a committee of people who had no special knowledge or understanding of the human foreskin, circumcision, or the literature. It seems divorced from the reality in [[Canada]] that the health insurance plans do not pay for non-therapeutic circumcision and most hospitals do not allow the performance of the non-therapeutic [[amputation]]. | ||
It appears that the CPS was seeking to | It appears that the CPS was seeking to promote more circumcisions so its members can make more money. | ||
* {{REFjournal | * {{REFjournal | ||
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=== USA === | === USA === | ||
{{AAP Policy expired}} | |||
[[File:Flag_of_USA.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of the United States of America (USA)]] | [[File:Flag_of_USA.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of the United States of America (USA)]] | ||
The United States are unique because the American medical industry has been promoting the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision since the late 19th Century.<ref>{{GollaherDL 1994}}</ref> As a result of the centuries-old promotion almost all American males were circumcised soon after birth from the 1930s through the 1980s.<ref name="laumann1996">{{REFjournal | The [[United States]] are unique because the American medical industry has been promoting the practice of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] since the late 19th Century.<ref>{{GollaherDL 1994}}</ref> As a result of the centuries-old promotion almost all American males were [[circumcised]] soon after birth from the 1930s through the 1980s.<ref name="laumann1996">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Laumann | |last=Laumann | ||
|first=Edward O. | |first=Edward O. | ||
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}}</ref> As a result, many Americans have never seen a human [[foreskin]] and most are profoundly ignorant of its anatomy, functions, and care. | }}</ref> As a result, many Americans have never seen a human [[foreskin]] and most are profoundly ignorant of its anatomy, functions, and care. | ||
With such an environment the medical industry has been able to develop its circumcision business into a colossus that exceeds an estimated $3 billion per year.<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb | With such an environment the medical industry has been able to develop its [[circumcision]] business into a colossus that exceeds an estimated $3 billion per year.<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb | ||
|url=https://www.academia.edu/6442587/High_Cost_of_Circumcision_3.6_Billion_Annually | |url=https://www.academia.edu/6442587/High_Cost_of_Circumcision_3.6_Billion_Annually | ||
|title=High Cost of Circumcision: $3.6 Billion Annually | |title=High Cost of Circumcision: $3.6 Billion Annually | ||
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|first=George | |first=George | ||
|author-link=George Hill | |author-link=George Hill | ||
|publisher=Doctors Opposing Circumcision | |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] | ||
|format=PDF | |format=PDF | ||
|date=2013-04 | |date=2013-04 | ||
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The AAP has a long-standing policy that its published policies and statements expire after five years unless re-affirmed. The AAP has ''not'' re-affirmed the statements below so they expired on 31 August 2017. The AAP now has ''no'' official position on non-therapeutic circumcision of boys. | The AAP has a long-standing policy that its published policies and statements expire after five years unless re-affirmed. The AAP has ''not'' re-affirmed the statements below so they expired on 31 August 2017. The AAP now has ''no'' official position on non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys. | ||
* {{REFjournal | * {{REFjournal | ||
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* [[Financial incentive]] | * [[Financial incentive]] | ||
* [[Position statements on infant circumcision]] | * [[Position statements on infant circumcision]] | ||
* [[Trauma]] | |||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||