Sexual injury of circumcision: Difference between revisions

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The '''sexual effects of circumcision''' are now well documented. Studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of circumcision ([[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]]) on sexual drive, erectile function, premature and delayed [[ejaculation]], sexual satisfaction, sexual sensation and penile sensitivity. Studies have also assessed whether [[circumcision]] affects [[masturbation]] or other sexual practices, and the degree to which a heterosexual woman's experience of sex is affected by her partner's circumcision status. Cold & Taylor (1999) stated:
The '''sexual effects of circumcision''' are now well documented. Studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of [[circumcision]] ([[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]]) on sexual drive, erectile function, premature and delayed [[ejaculation]], sexual satisfaction, sexual sensation and penile sensitivity. Studies have also assessed whether [[circumcision]] affects [[masturbation]] or other sexual practices, and the degree to which a heterosexual woman's experience of sex is affected by her partner's [[circumcision]] status. Cold & Taylor (1999) stated:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
The [[prepuce]] is primary, erogenous tissue necessary for normal sexual  function.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>
The [[prepuce]] is primary, erogenous tissue necessary for normal sexual  function.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>
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  |year=1948
  |year=1948
  |title=Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
  |title=Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
  |url=
  |url=https://ia801508.us.archive.org/33/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.187552/2015.187552.Sexual-Behavior-In-The-Human-Male_text.pdf
  |work=
  |work=
  |editor=
  |editor=
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  |chapter=
  |chapter=
  |pages=
  |pages=
  |location=
  |location=Bloomington
  |publisher=A. C. Saunders
  |publisher=W.B. Saunders
  |isbn=
  |isbn=
  |quote=
  |quote=
  |accessdate=2019-12-21
  |accessdate=2019-12-21
  |note=
  |note=
|format=PDF
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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  |chapter=
  |chapter=
  |pages=
  |pages=
  |location=Toronto, New York
  |location=Boston
  |publisher=Bantam
  |publisher=Little, Brown, and Company
  |isbn=0-553-20429-7
  |isbn=0-553-20429-7
  |quote=
  |quote=
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</blockquote>
</blockquote>


Therefore, it appears that Masters & Johnson (1966) performed little or no testing on the foreskins of their few [[intact]] subjects and provided no useful information.<ref name="sorrells2007">{{Sorrells etal 2007}}</ref>
Therefore, it appears that Masters & Johnson (1966) performed little or no testing on the [[foreskin| foreskins]] of their few [[intact]] subjects and provided no useful information.<ref name="sorrells2007">{{Sorrells etal 2007}}</ref>


The inaccurate reports of Kinsey (1948) and Masters & Johnson (1966) have long distorted and minimized the sexual effects of [[circumcision]] and the loss of the [[foreskin]] in the American view.
The inaccurate reports of Kinsey (1948) and Masters & Johnson (1966) have long distorted and minimized the sexual effects of [[circumcision]] and the loss of the [[foreskin]] in the American view.
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  |first=William Keith C.
  |first=William Keith C.
  |init=WKC
  |init=WKC
  |author-link=William Keith Campbell Morga
  |author-link=William Keith Campbell Morgan
  |etal=No
  |etal=No
  |title=Penile Plunder
  |title=Penile Plunder
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  |DOI=10.1111/joa.13481  
  |DOI=10.1111/joa.13481  
  |accessdate=2021-11-15
  |accessdate=2021-11-15
}}</ref> <ref name="garret2024-02-17>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/what-do-the-eyelids-lips-fingertips-the-intact-penis-have-in-common/
|title=What Do The Eyelids, Lips, Fingertips & The Intact Penis Have in Common?
|last=Garret
|first=Connor
|init=
|author-link=Connor Judson Garrett
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-02-17
|accessdate=2024-10-22
}}</ref> Proponents of [[genital integrity]] have cited these studies, which report on the sensitivity or innervation of the foreskin, claiming a sexual role based upon the presence of nerve-endings in the foreskin sensitive to light touch, stroking and fluttering sensations.
}}</ref> Proponents of [[genital integrity]] have cited these studies, which report on the sensitivity or innervation of the foreskin, claiming a sexual role based upon the presence of nerve-endings in the foreskin sensitive to light touch, stroking and fluttering sensations.


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}}</ref> They concluded, "Evidence has also started to accumulate that male circumcision may result in lifelong physical, sexual, and sometimes psychological harm as well."
}}</ref> They concluded, "Evidence has also started to accumulate that male circumcision may result in lifelong physical, sexual, and sometimes psychological harm as well."


Sorrells et al. (2007), in the study discussed above, measured fine-touch pressure thresholds of the penis, and concluded "The transitional region from the external to the internal prepuce is the most sensitive region of the [[uncircumcised]] penis and more sensitive than the most sensitive region of the circumcised penis. Circumcision ablates" (removes) "the most sensitive parts of the penis." According to Sorrells et al., the five penile areas most sensitive to fine-touch are located on the foreskin.<ref name= "sorrells2007" />
[[Morris L. Sorrells| Sorrells]] et al. (2007), in the study discussed above, measured fine-touch pressure thresholds of the penis, and concluded "The transitional region from the external to the internal prepuce is the most sensitive region of the [[uncircumcised]] penis and more sensitive than the most sensitive region of the circumcised penis. Circumcision ablates" (removes) "the most sensitive parts of the penis." According to Sorrells et al., the five penile areas most sensitive to fine-touch are located on the foreskin.<ref name= "sorrells2007" />


In 2009, Schober et al. reported on self-assessed sexual sensitivity in 81 men, 11 of whom were [[uncircumcised]]. When assessing areas producing sexual pleasure, the [[foreskin]] was ranked 7th, after the [[glans]], lower and upper shaft, and the left and right sides of the [[penis]], but above the area between scrotum and anus, the scrotum itself, and the anus.<ref name= "schober2008">{{REFjournal
In 2009, Schober et al. reported on self-assessed sexual sensitivity in 81 men, 11 of whom were [[uncircumcised]]. When assessing areas producing sexual pleasure, the [[foreskin]] was ranked 7th, after the [[glans]], lower and upper shaft, and the left and right sides of the [[penis]], but above the area between scrotum and anus, the scrotum itself, and the anus.<ref name= "schober2008">{{REFjournal
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Circumcision affects ejaculatory function in different ways. In some men, excision of the [[foreskin]] causes hyperstimulation of the corona glandis, resulting in [[premature ejaculation]]. In other men, excision of the foreskin and its [[Foreskin sensitivity| nerves]] seems to decrease PE.
Circumcision affects ejaculatory function in different ways. In some men, excision of the [[foreskin]] causes hyperstimulation of the corona glandis, resulting in [[premature ejaculation]]. In other men, excision of the foreskin and its [[Foreskin sensitivity| nerves]] seems to decrease PE.


Waldinger et al. recruited 500 men (98 [[circumcised]] and 261 not-circumcised) from five countries: the Netherlands, [[United Kingdom]], Spain, Turkey, and the [[United States]] and studied their ejaculation times during [[sexual intercourse]].  They found that the [[circumcised]] men in the study took on average 6.7 minutes to ejaculate, compared with 6.0 minutes for the [[uncircumcised]] men.  This difference was not statistically significant. The comparison excluded Turkey, which was significantly different from the other countries studied.<ref name="Waldinger2005">{{REFjournal
Waldinger et al. (2005) recruited 500 men (98 [[circumcised]] and 261 not-circumcised) from five countries: the Netherlands, [[United Kingdom]], Spain, Turkey, and the [[United States]] and studied their ejaculation times during [[sexual intercourse]].  They found that the [[circumcised]] men in the study took on average 6.7 minutes to ejaculate, compared with 6.0 minutes for the [[uncircumcised]] men.  This difference was not statistically significant. The comparison excluded Turkey, which was significantly different from the other countries studied.<ref name="Waldinger2005">{{REFjournal
  |last=Waldinger
  |last=Waldinger
  |init=MD
  |init=MD
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In a study of 255 [[circumcised]] men and 118 [[intact]] men, Kim & Pang (2006) reported no statistically significant difference in [[ejaculation]] or ejaculation latency time between [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] participants.<ref name="kimpang2007"/>
In a study of 255 [[circumcised]] men and 118 [[intact]] men, Kim & Pang (2006) reported no statistically significant difference in [[ejaculation]] or ejaculation latency time between [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] participants.<ref name="kimpang2007"/>


In a study of men [[circumcised]] for benign disease, Masood et al. reported that of those who stated they had prior premature ejaculation, 13% reported improvement after circumcision, 33% reported that it became worse, and 53% reported no change.<ref name="masood2005"/>
In a study of men [[circumcised]] for benign disease, Masood et al. (2005) reported that of those who stated they had prior premature ejaculation, 13% reported improvement after [[adult circumcision| circumcision]], 33% reported that it became worse, and 53% reported no change.<ref name="masood2005"/>


In a study of 22 men [[circumcised]] as adults, Cortés-González et al. reported that 31.8% suffered from premature ejaculation before the procedure; this diminished to 13.6% afterwards.
In a study of 22 men [[circumcised]] as adults, Cortés-González et al. reported that 31.8% suffered from premature ejaculation before the procedure; this diminished to 13.6% afterwards.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Cortés-González
|first=
|init=JR
|author-link=
|last2=Arratia-Maqueo
|first2=
|init2=JA
|author2-link=
|last3=Martínez-Montelongo
|first3=
|init3=R
|author3-link=
|last4=Gómez-Guerra
|first4=
|init4=LS
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=[Does circumcision affect male's perception of sexual satisfaction?]
|trans-title=
|language=Spanish
|journal=Arch Esp Urol
|location=
|date=2009-11
|volume=62
|issue=9
|pages=733-6
|url=https://www.aeurologia.com/EN/10.4321/S0004-06142009000900008
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=19955598
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.4321/s0004-06142009000900008
|accessdate=2024-08-19
}}</ref>


== Sexual practice and masturbation ==
== Sexual practice and masturbation ==
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Published: April 2, 1997.  New York Times. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C07E4D91F3AF931A35757C0A961958260]</ref>
Published: April 2, 1997.  New York Times. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C07E4D91F3AF931A35757C0A961958260]</ref>


Fink et al. (2002) did not find a change in sexual activity with adult circumcision (p=0.22).<ref name="fink2002"/>
Fink et al. (2002) did not find a change in sexual activity with adult circumcision (p=0.22),<ref name="fink2002"/> but Andersen-Giberson (2025) reported that circumcision caused loss of self-pleasure and sexual disability.<ref name="andersen2025">{{REFjournal
|last=Andersen-Giberson
|init=D
|author-link=Dale Andersen
|url=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016
|title=Circumcision and forced disability: Routine male neonatal circumcision and the consequences of amputation within a critical disability studies framework
|journal=Critical Disability Discourses
|date=2025-12
|volume=10
|issue=2
|pages=1-37
|URL=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.25071/1918-6215.39786
|accessdate=2026-03-12
|quote=In a critical disability studies framework, it is argued that the act of amputating healthy erogenous tissue and the consequences of that amputation cause disability, particularly from a counter-hegemonic lens.
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2026-03-12
}}
</ref>


== Sexual drive ==
== Sexual drive ==
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  |date=1976
  |date=1976
  |accessdate=
  |accessdate=
}}</ref> (There were very few [[intact]] males in Georgia in 1976 because of the prevalence of non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] so it is quite likely that few of the subjects tested had any experience with an [[intact]] male.)
}}</ref> (There were very few [[intact]] males in Georgia in 1976 because of the prevalence of non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]] so it is quite likely that few of the subjects tested had any experience with a [[foreskinned]] male.)


Williamson et al. (1988) studied randomly selected young mothers in Iowa, where most men are [[circumcised]], and found that 76% would prefer a [[circumcised]] penis for achieving sexual arousal through viewing it.<ref>[http://www.circs.org/library/williamson/index.html Williamson ML, Williamson PS. Women's Preferences for Penile Circumcision in Sexual Partners.] J Sex Educ Ther 1988; 14: 8</ref>  There were very few [[intact]] males in Iowa in 1988 because of the prevalence of non-therapeutic infant circumcision so it is quite likely that few of the subjects tested had any experience with an intact male.)  
Williamson et al. (1988) studied randomly selected young mothers in Iowa, where most men are [[circumcised]], and found that 76% would prefer a [[circumcised]] penis for achieving sexual arousal through viewing it.<ref>[http://www.circs.org/library/williamson/index.html Williamson ML, Williamson PS. Women's Preferences for Penile Circumcision in Sexual Partners.] J Sex Educ Ther 1988; 14: 8</ref>  There were very few [[intact]] males in Iowa in 1988 because of the prevalence of non-therapeutic infant circumcision so it is quite likely that few of the subjects tested had any experience with an intact male.)  
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  |DOI=
  |DOI=
  |accessdate=2020-01-04
  |accessdate=2020-01-04
}}</ref> so the lack of the foreskin in the circumcised partner renders the female experience less satisfactory.
}}</ref> so the lack of the foreskin in the [[circumcised]] partner renders the female experience less satisfactory.


In a first of its kind, O'Hara & O'Hara (1999) carried out a retrospective survey of 138 women with experience of both [[intact]] and [[circumcised]] partners. The women overwhelmingly concurred that the mechanics of coitus was different for the two groups of men. Of the women, 73% reported that [[circumcised]] men tend to thrust harder and deeper, using elongated strokes, while unaltered men by comparison tended to thrust more gently, to have shorter thrusts, and tended to be in contact with the mons pubis and [[clitoris]] more, according to 71% of the respondents. Women with intact partners had a higher rate of orgasms than women with [[circumcised]] partners. O'Hara & O'Hara concluded:
In a first of its kind, O'Hara & O'Hara (1999) carried out a retrospective survey of 138 women with experience of both [[intact]] and [[circumcised]] partners. The women overwhelmingly concurred that the mechanics of coitus was different for the two groups of men. Of the women, 73% reported that [[circumcised]] men tend to thrust harder and deeper, using elongated strokes, while unaltered men by comparison tended to thrust more gently, to have shorter thrusts, and tended to be in contact with the mons pubis and [[clitoris]] more, according to 71% of the respondents. Women with intact partners had a higher rate of orgasms than women with [[circumcised]] partners. O'Hara & O'Hara concluded:
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</blockquote>
</blockquote>


Tye & Sardi (2022) concluded that parents must consider "psychological or psychosocial effects of circumcision,"<ref name="tye2022"> {{REFjournal
|last=Tye
|first=
|init=MC
|author-link=
|last2=Sardi
|first2=
|init2=LM
|author2-link=Lauren Sardi
|etal=no
|title=Psychological, psychosocial, and psychosexual aspects of penile circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Int J Impot Res
|date=2023-05
|volume=35
|issue=3
|pages=242-8
|url=https://www.galdef.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Tye-Sardi-Psycho-Aspects-of-Penile-Circumcision-IJIR-2022.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=35347302
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1038/s41443-022-00553-9
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2024-12-18
}}</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision]]
* [[Circumcision]]
* [[Circumcision: Effect upon erectile function]]
* [[Dyspareunia]]
* [[Dyspareunia]]
* [[Foreskin]]
* [[Foreskin]]
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* [[Masturbation]]
* [[Masturbation]]
* [[Penis]]
* [[Penis]]
* [[Premature ejaculation]]
* [[Ridged band]]
* [[Ridged band]]
* [[Psychosexual Effects of Circumcision]]
* [[Psychosexual Effects of Circumcision]]
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{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/garcia/
|title=What exactly is circumcision and what is it not?
|last=Garcia
|first=Francisco
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Circumcision Information Pages
|date=1995-12-11
|accessdate=2025-06-29
}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=https://intactamerica.org/lousy-sex/
  |url=https://intactamerica.org/lousy-sex/
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  |format=
  |format=
  |quote=When the penis enters the vagina, the foreskin is pulled back. And on its way out again, the foreskin goes back to cover the penis head. This way the foreskin stimulates both the man and the woman.
  |quote=When the penis enters the vagina, the foreskin is pulled back. And on its way out again, the foreskin goes back to cover the penis head. This way the foreskin stimulates both the man and the woman.
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/ask-marilyn-i-was-circumcised-and-theres-nothing-wrong-with-me-why-do-cut-men-complain/
|title=Ask Marilyn – I was circumcised, and there’s nothing wrong with me. Why do cut men complain?
|last=Milos
|first=Marilyn
|init=
|author-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2022-06-27
|accessdate=2024-06-21
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/FriendsOfTheFrenulum/comments/1ma5zqc/the_data_is_in_the_silence_is_broken_a_first_look/
|title=The Data is In. The Silence is Broken. A First Look at Our Survey's Staggering Results.
|last=Intactivist
|first=Accidental
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=REDDIT
|date=2025-07-26
|accessdate=2025-07-27
}}
}}