Circumcision study flaws: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Flag_of_USA.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of the United States of America (USA)]]

The United States are unique because the American medical industry has been promoting the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision since the late 19th Century.<ref>{{GollaherDL 1994}}</ref> As a result of the centuries-old promotion almost all American males were circumcised soon after birth from the 1930s through the 1980s.<ref name="laumann1996">{{REFjournal

The [[United States]] are unique because the American medical industry has been promoting the practice of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] since the late 19th Century.<ref>{{GollaherDL 1994}}</ref> As a result of the centuries-old promotion almost all American males were [[circumcised]] soon after birth from the 1930s through the 1980s.<ref name="laumann1996">{{REFjournal

|last=Laumann

|first=Edward O.

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}}</ref> As a result, many Americans have never seen a human [[foreskin]] and most are profoundly ignorant of its anatomy, functions, and care.

With such an environment the medical industry has been able to develop its circumcision business into a colossus that exceeds an estimated $3 billion per year.<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb

With such an environment the medical industry has been able to develop its [[circumcision]] business into a colossus that exceeds an estimated $3 billion per year.<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb

|url=https://www.academia.edu/6442587/High_Cost_of_Circumcision_3.6_Billion_Annually

|title=High Cost of Circumcision: $3.6 Billion Annually

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The AAP has a long-standing policy that its published policies and statements expire after five years unless re-affirmed. The AAP has ''not'' re-affirmed the statements below so they expired on 31 August 2017. The AAP now has ''no'' official position on non-therapeutic circumcision of boys.

The AAP has a long-standing policy that its published policies and statements expire after five years unless re-affirmed. The AAP has ''not'' re-affirmed the statements below so they expired on 31 August 2017. The AAP now has ''no'' official position on non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys.

* {{REFjournal

@@ Line 306: / Line 306: @@
 {{AAP Policy expired}}
 [[File:Flag_of_USA.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of the United States of America (USA)]]
-The United States are unique because the American medical industry has been promoting the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision since the late 19th Century.<ref>{{GollaherDL 1994}}</ref> As a result of the centuries-old promotion almost all American males were circumcised soon after birth from the 1930s through the 1980s.<ref name="laumann1996">{{REFjournal
+The [[United States]] are unique because the American medical industry has been promoting the practice of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] since the late 19th Century.<ref>{{GollaherDL 1994}}</ref> As a result of the centuries-old promotion almost all American males were [[circumcised]] soon after birth from the 1930s through the 1980s.<ref name="laumann1996">{{REFjournal
   |last=Laumann
   |first=Edward O.
@@ Line 328: / Line 328: @@
 }}</ref> As a result, many Americans have never seen a human [[foreskin]] and most are profoundly ignorant of its anatomy, functions, and care.
-With such an environment the medical industry has been able to develop its circumcision business into a colossus that exceeds an estimated $3 billion per year.<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb
+With such an environment the medical industry has been able to develop its [[circumcision]] business into a colossus that exceeds an estimated $3 billion per year.<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb
   |url=https://www.academia.edu/6442587/High_Cost_of_Circumcision_3.6_Billion_Annually
   |title=High Cost of Circumcision: $3.6 Billion Annually
@@ Line 492: / Line 492: @@
-The AAP has a long-standing policy that its published policies and statements expire after five years unless re-affirmed. The AAP has ''not'' re-affirmed the statements below so they expired on 31 August 2017. The AAP now has ''no'' official position on non-therapeutic circumcision of boys.
+The AAP has a long-standing policy that its published policies and statements expire after five years unless re-affirmed. The AAP has ''not'' re-affirmed the statements below so they expired on 31 August 2017. The AAP now has ''no'' official position on non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys.
 * {{REFjournal