Preputial sac: Difference between revisions

(16 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 21:

|DOI=https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1090570409

|accessdate=2023-05-23

}}</ref> so it cannot be [[Infection| infected]]. The preputial sac will remain closed for a variable number of years. Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) conducted a survey of 4000 young men in [[Denmark]]. They reported that the mean age of first foreskin retraction is 10.4 years in [[Denmark]].<ref name="Thorvaldsen">{{REFjournal

}}</ref> so it cannot be [[Infection| infected]]. The preputial sac will remain closed for a variable number of years. Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) conducted a survey of 4000 young men in [[Denmark]]. They reported that the mean age of first [[foreskin]] retraction is 10.4 years in [[Denmark]].<ref name="Thorvaldsen">{{REFjournal

|last=Thorvaldsen

|init=MA

Line 40:

|date=2005

|accessdate=2025-03-06

}}</ref> Non-retractile foreskin is the more common condition until about 10-11 years of age.

}}</ref> Non-retractile [[foreskin]] is the more common condition until about 10-11 years of age.

===Penile health===

The preputial sac is lined with [[mucosa]] as is appropriate for an internal organ where moisture is present.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref> [[Urine]] and other sources of moisture are not harmful to it.

Line 126:

|ref=<ref>{{DeWitte etal 2007}}</ref>

}}

Fendereski et al. (2024) compared the penile health of [[circumcised]] boys without a preputial sac to [[intact]] boys with a preputial sac during the first five years of life. The authors reported that the [[circumcised]] boys had three times as many complaints when compared with [[intact]] boys.<ref name=fendereski2024">{{REFjournal

|last=Fendereski

|first=

|init=K

|author-link=

|last2=Horns

|first2=

|init2=JJ

|author2-link=

|last3=Driggs

|first3=

|init3=N

|author3-link=

|last4=Lau

|first4=

|init4=G

|author4-link=

|last5=Shaeffer

|first5=

|init5=AJ

|author5-link=

|etal=no

|title=Comparing Penile Problems in Circumcised vs. Uncircumcised Boys: Insights From a Large Commercial Claims Database With a Focus on Provider Type Performing Circumcision

|trans-title=

|language=

|journal=J Pediatr Surg

|date=2024-11

|volume=59

|issue=11

|article=161614

|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002234682400407X

|archived=

|quote=

|pubmedID=39084960

|pubmedCID=11486584

|DOI=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.022

|accessdate=2025-12-03

}}</ref>

=== Sub-preputial moisture ===

A longer [[foreskin]] improves wetness in the preputial sac.<ref name="ofarrell2008">{{REFjournal

Line 201:

Line 239:

}}</ref> Moistness also may be maintained by [[transudation]].<ref name="cold-taylor1999" /> The preputial sac may also receive [[pre-ejaculate]], which may be distinguished because it is more slippery. The sac may vary from very slightly moist to wet when one is aroused.

Nevertheless, some men report dryness in their preputial sac and with their [[glans penis]]. Some men recommend coconut oil and others recommend jojoba oil<ref>{{REFweb

Nevertheless, some men report dryness in their preputial sac and with their [[glans penis]]. Some men recommend coconut oil and others recommend [[jojoba]] oil.<ref>{{REFweb

|url=https://~~www.reddit~~.com/~~r/balanitis/comments/walcbh~~/~~the_jojoba_oil_solution~~/

|url=https://supremepenis.com/blog/best-natural-oils-for-penis-skin-care/

|title=~~The jojoba oil solution~~

|title=Best Natural Oils for Penis Skin Care: Ultimate Guide to Healthy Skin

|last=Anonymous

|first=

|init=

|author-link=

|publisher=~~REDDIT~~

|publisher=Supreme Penis

|date=~~2022~~

|date=2025-07-14

|accessdate=2025-01-07

|accessdate=2025-08-21

}}</ref> to moisturize the preputial sac.

}}</ref> to moisturize the preputial sac. A few drops, applied once or twice a day, appears to be enough to keep the sac moisturized, lubricated, and comfortable.

=== Foreskin fragrance ===

Line 223:

Line 261:

|date=

|accessdate=2024-04-26

}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb

|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1llu8bi/what_does_it_smell_like/

|title=What does it smell like?

|last=Anonymous

|first=

|init=

|author-link=

|publisher=REDDIT

|date=2025-06-27

|accessdate=2025-06-28

}}</ref> from their [[penis]]. Musk is also produced by deer to create sexual arousal.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> The fragrance, when it occurs, is emitted from the preputial sac.

The fragrance may contain stimulating pheromones and is variously characterized. A few find it offensive, but others find it attractive, pleasing, exciting, stimulating, or arousing.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> <ref>{{REFweb

The fragrance may contain stimulating [[pheromone| pheromones]] and is variously characterized. A few find it offensive, but others find it attractive, pleasing, exciting, stimulating, or arousing.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> <ref>{{REFweb

|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1juhht2/scent/

|title=Scent

Line 232:

Line 280:

|init=

|author-link=

|publisher=~~Reddit~~

|publisher=REDDIT

|date=

|accessdate=2025-04-09

Line 238:

Line 286:

Some believe that the use of soap in the preputial sac harms the natural [[microbiome]] and increases the strength of the fragrance. The musky foreskin fragrance may be contained by avoiding retraction of the [[foreskin]].

Several manufacturers offer musk-scented cologne for men.

==Washing==

Line 276:

Line 326:

The presence of the healthy [[microbiome]], the [[Langerhans cells]], and the lytics in the sub-preputial moisture give the preputial sac strong immunological functions. [[Circumcision]] destroys the preputial sac and its protective immunological functions and makes the patient more vulnerable to [[infection]] throughout life.<ref name="fleiss1998" />

One frequently hears the advice to wash the preputial sac at least daily to prevent [[infection]]. This advice ~~is outmoded~~.<ref name="birley1993" /> <ref name="fleiss1998" /> Washing may introduce pathogens into the preputial cavity.<ref name="fleiss1998" /> It also removes the skin oil and protective lytic substances described above. It is better to rinse only as necessary, using only clear warm water.<ref>{{REFbook

One frequently hears the advice to wash the preputial sac at least daily to prevent [[infection]]. This advice does not reflect the [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin| immunological functions]] of the [[foreskin]] and the need to maintain skin oil to avoid [[balanitis]].<ref name="birley1993" /> <ref name="fleiss1998" /> It is not consistent with medical science, and is outmoded and inaccurate. Washing may introduce pathogens into the preputial cavity.<ref name="fleiss1998" /> It also removes the skin oil and protective lytic substances described above. It is better to rinse only as necessary, using only clear warm water without soap, body wash, or shampoo.<ref>{{REFbook

|last=Bigelow

|first=Jim

Line 291:

Line 341:

|publisher=Hourglass Book Pub

|isbn=978-0934061223

}}</ref> It is customary to wash before and after sex.

}}</ref> One or twice a week is sufficient.<ref name="damon2010">{{REFweb

|title=Intact Care of Elderly Men in Nursing Homes

|url=http://www.drmomma.org/2010/05/intact-care-of-elderly-men-in-nursing.html

|archived=

|trans-title=

|language=

|last=Damon

|first=

|init=KL

|author-link=

|publisher=Peaceful Parenting

|website=www.drmomma.org

|date=2010

|accessdate=2023-12-12

|format=

|quote=It is true that nursing programs (and medical school programs) in the [[United States]] have a long way to go in teaching proper [[intact]] care and development.

}}</ref> It also is customary to wash before and after sex.

If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a rubber-bulb ear syringe may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing. Washing is recommended before and after sex and as ~~desired~~ to remove accumulated [[smegma]].

If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a [https://www.amazon.com/s?k=rubber%20bulb%20ear%20syringe rubber-bulb ear syringe] may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing. Washing is recommended before and after sex and as needed to remove accumulated [[smegma]].

<b>Soap, body wash, and shampoo should not be used inside the preputial sac, because they remove the beneficial skin oil.</b>

== Urination by foreskinned men==

[[Foreskinned]] men sometimes ask, "do I have to retract my [[foreskin]] for [[urination]]?"<ref>Some men with abundant overhanging foreskin find it awkward and difficult to retract and keep retracted their [[foreskin]] because the foreskin is constantly pushing to glide forward to return to its normal position of covering and protecting the [[glans penis]].</ref> They may have been heard myths that it is unhealthy to have [[urine]] inside the [[foreskin]], however there is no factual basis for that claim. Urine has a healthy microbiome<ref name="cold-taylor1999" /> when it leaves the urethra and is helpful for flushing out the [[foreskin]] and keeping it clean. The presence of urine in the preputial sac is ''not'' unsanitary and does not do harm. Nature has planned for this condition. Boys by necessity pee through their [[foreskin]] because the juvenile foreskin does not retract and men with [[phimosis]] also pee through their [[foreskin]] because the foreskin does not retract. It does no harm so it is not necessary to pull back when you pee.

The ~~epithelium~~ of ~~all tissue in the preputial sac is [[Mucosa| mucosal membrane]] (similar~~ to ~~the inside of your mouth), which likes to be wet, so no damage or threat to health or well-being is caused by having [[urine]] inside the [[foreskin]]~~. ~~The sphincter action of the preputial orifice functions as a one way valve, blocking the entry of contaminants and pathogens while allowing the passage of urine.<ref name="fleiss1998" /> The~~ [[~~urine]] will serve to flush contaminants and pathogens out of the [[foreskin]]. A few individuals may experience [[ballooning of the foreskin~~]]~~, which is harmless~~.

The text of this section has been relocated to its own article. Please see [[Urination by foreskinned men]].

The [[foreskin]] overhang or [[acroposthion]] may be used as a hose nozzle to control and direct the stream and may be adjusted as necessary to achieve a smooth stream. It may help to stretch one's [[foreskin]] out from one's body. One man said, "When I need to pee, I open my fly, pull my foreskin out and give it a tug to get any wrinkles out, then I hold my foreskin with the thumb and forefinger of both hands and use the overhang of my foreskin as a nozzle to direct my stream. When I finish, I milk it a bit to get any residual pee out of my [[penis]]."

~~[[Foreskinned]] men may enjoy feeling a slight tickling sensation as the [[urine]] flows out through their [[acroposthion]].<ref>{{REFweb~~

~~|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/17r7znz/uncut_pee/~~

~~|title=Uncut Pee~~

~~|last=Anonymous~~

~~|first=~~

~~|init=~~

~~|author-link=~~

~~|publisher=REDDITT~~

~~|date=2023~~

~~|accessdate=2025-06-12~~

~~}}</ref>~~

One may retract or not retract for [[urination]]. The human [[foreskin]] is highly flexible and stretchable. It may be stretched as desired laterally and/or lengthwise to cause [[mitosis]] and [[tissue expansion]] to resolve issues.

There is enormous natural variation among [[foreskinned]] males in the length and tightness of the [[foreskin]], so men report a wide range of different experiences with their foreskin in [[urination]]. What works best depends to some extent on individual anatomy. Either way is okay.

~~===Use of urinal===~~

A plastic urinal that one may purchase from a drug store can be helpful in extreme cases. One may instert one's [[penis]] into the urinal prior to urinating. The walls of the urinal will catch any errant drops or streams of urine. The urinal may be emptied and rinsed after each use.

* [[Autocircumcision]]

* [[Balanitis]]

* [[Care of intact elderly men]]

* [[Fusions and adhesions]]

* [[Hygiene]]

* [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]

* [[Jojoba]]

* [[Living with a foreskin in circumcised America]]

* [[Long foreskin]]

* [[Meatus]]

* [[Microbiome]]

Line 340:

Line 389:

* {{URLwikipedia|Preputial_mucosa|Preputial mucosa}}

* {{REFweb

|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/hygiene/

Line 372:

Line 422:

|date=2025-04-08

|accessdate=2025-04-12

}}

* {{REFweb

|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1o8su5n/comment/njy0dyz/

|title=Mom of intact son here (:

|last=Anonymous

|first=

|init=

|author-link=

|publisher=REDDIT

|date=2025-10-17

|accessdate=2025-10-17

}}

Line 377:

Line 438:

[[Category:Education]]

[[Category:Foreskin anatomy]]

[[Category:Foreskinned life]]

[[Category:Medical term]]

[[Category:Parental information]]

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
   |DOI=https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1090570409
   |accessdate=2023-05-23
-}}</ref> so it cannot be [[Infection| infected]]. The preputial sac will remain closed for a variable number of years. Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) conducted a survey of 4000 young men in [[Denmark]]. They reported that the mean age of first foreskin retraction is 10.4 years in [[Denmark]].<ref name="Thorvaldsen">{{REFjournal
+}}</ref> so it cannot be [[Infection| infected]]. The preputial sac will remain closed for a variable number of years. Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) conducted a survey of 4000 young men in [[Denmark]]. They reported that the mean age of first [[foreskin]] retraction is 10.4 years in [[Denmark]].<ref name="Thorvaldsen">{{REFjournal
   |last=Thorvaldsen
   |init=MA
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
   |date=2005
   |accessdate=2025-03-06
-}}</ref> Non-retractile foreskin is the more common condition until about 10-11 years of age.
+}}</ref> Non-retractile [[foreskin]] is the more common condition until about 10-11 years of age.
+===Penile health===
 The preputial sac is lined with [[mucosa]] as is appropriate for an internal organ where moisture is present.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref> [[Urine]] and other sources of moisture are not harmful to it.
@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
   |ref=<ref>{{DeWitte etal 2007}}</ref>
 }}
+Fendereski et al. (2024) compared the penile health of [[circumcised]] boys without a preputial sac to [[intact]] boys with a preputial sac during the first five years of life. The authors reported that the [[circumcised]] boys had three times as many complaints when compared with [[intact]] boys.<ref name=fendereski2024">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Fendereski
+ |first=
+ |init=K
+ |author-link=
+ |last2=Horns
+ |first2=
+ |init2=JJ
+ |author2-link=
+ |last3=Driggs
+ |first3=
+ |init3=N
+ |author3-link=
+ |last4=Lau
+ |first4=
+ |init4=G
+ |author4-link=
+ |last5=Shaeffer
+ |first5=
+ |init5=AJ
+ |author5-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=Comparing Penile Problems in Circumcised vs. Uncircumcised Boys: Insights From a Large Commercial Claims Database With a Focus on Provider Type Performing Circumcision
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |journal=J Pediatr Surg
+ |date=2024-11
+ |volume=59
+ |issue=11
+ |article=161614
+ |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002234682400407X
+ |archived=
+ |quote=
+ |pubmedID=39084960
+ |pubmedCID=11486584
+ |DOI=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.022
+ |accessdate=2025-12-03
+}}</ref>
 === Sub-preputial moisture ===
 A longer [[foreskin]] improves wetness in the preputial sac.<ref name="ofarrell2008">{{REFjournal
@@ Line 201: / Line 239: @@
 }}</ref> Moistness also may be maintained by [[transudation]].<ref name="cold-taylor1999" /> The preputial sac may also receive [[pre-ejaculate]], which may be distinguished because it is more slippery. The sac may vary from very slightly moist to wet when one is aroused.
-Nevertheless, some men report dryness in their preputial sac and with their [[glans penis]]. Some men recommend coconut oil and others recommend jojoba oil<ref>{{REFweb
+Nevertheless, some men report dryness in their preputial sac and with their [[glans penis]]. Some men recommend coconut oil and others recommend [[jojoba]] oil.<ref>{{REFweb
-  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/balanitis/comments/walcbh/the_jojoba_oil_solution/
+  |url=https://supremepenis.com/blog/best-natural-oils-for-penis-skin-care/
-  |title=The jojoba oil solution
+  |title=Best Natural Oils for Penis Skin Care: Ultimate Guide to Healthy Skin
   |last=Anonymous
   |first=
   |init=
   |author-link=
-  |publisher=REDDIT
+  |publisher=Supreme Penis
-  |date=2022
+  |date=2025-07-14
-  |accessdate=2025-01-07
+  |accessdate=2025-08-21
-}}</ref> to moisturize the preputial sac.
+}}</ref>  to moisturize the preputial sac. A few drops, applied once or twice a day, appears to be enough to keep the sac moisturized, lubricated, and comfortable.
 === Foreskin fragrance ===
@@ Line 223: / Line 261: @@
   |date=
   |accessdate=2024-04-26
+}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb
+ |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1llu8bi/what_does_it_smell_like/
+ |title=What does it smell like?
+ |last=Anonymous
+ |first=
+ |init=
+ |author-link=
+ |publisher=REDDIT
+ |date=2025-06-27
+ |accessdate=2025-06-28
 }}</ref> from their [[penis]]. Musk is also produced by deer to create sexual arousal.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> The fragrance, when it occurs, is emitted from the preputial sac.
-The fragrance may contain stimulating pheromones and is variously characterized. A few find it offensive, but others find it attractive, pleasing, exciting, stimulating, or arousing.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> <ref>{{REFweb
+The fragrance may contain stimulating [[pheromone| pheromones]] and is variously characterized. A few find it offensive, but others find it attractive, pleasing, exciting, stimulating, or arousing.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> <ref>{{REFweb
   |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1juhht2/scent/
   |title=Scent
@@ Line 232: / Line 280: @@
   |init=
   |author-link=
-  |publisher=Reddit
+  |publisher=REDDIT
   |date=
   |accessdate=2025-04-09
@@ Line 238: / Line 286: @@
 Some believe that the use of soap in the preputial sac harms the natural [[microbiome]] and increases the strength of the fragrance. The musky foreskin fragrance may be contained by avoiding retraction of the [[foreskin]].
+Several manufacturers offer musk-scented cologne for men.
 ==Washing==
@@ Line 276: / Line 326: @@
 The presence of the healthy [[microbiome]], the [[Langerhans cells]], and the lytics in the sub-preputial moisture give the preputial sac strong immunological functions. [[Circumcision]] destroys the preputial sac and its protective immunological functions and makes the patient more vulnerable to [[infection]] throughout life.<ref name="fleiss1998" />
-One frequently hears the advice to wash the preputial sac at least daily to prevent [[infection]]. This advice is outmoded.<ref name="birley1993" /> <ref name="fleiss1998" /> Washing may introduce pathogens into the preputial cavity.<ref name="fleiss1998" /> It also removes the skin oil and protective lytic substances described above. It is better to rinse only as necessary, using only clear warm water.<ref>{{REFbook
+One frequently hears the advice to wash the preputial sac at least daily to prevent [[infection]]. This advice does not reflect the [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin| immunological functions]] of the [[foreskin]] and  the need to maintain skin oil to avoid [[balanitis]].<ref name="birley1993" /> <ref name="fleiss1998" /> It is not consistent with medical science, and is outmoded and inaccurate. Washing may introduce pathogens into the preputial cavity.<ref name="fleiss1998" /> It also removes the skin oil and protective lytic substances described above. It is better to rinse only as necessary, using only clear warm water without soap, body wash, or shampoo.<ref>{{REFbook
   |last=Bigelow
   |first=Jim
@@ Line 291: / Line 341: @@
   |publisher=Hourglass Book Pub
   |isbn=978-0934061223
-}}</ref> It is customary to wash before and after sex.
+}}</ref> One or twice a week is sufficient.<ref name="damon2010">{{REFweb
+ |title=Intact Care of Elderly Men in Nursing Homes
+ |url=http://www.drmomma.org/2010/05/intact-care-of-elderly-men-in-nursing.html
+ |archived=
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |last=Damon
+ |first=
+ |init=KL
+ |author-link=
+ |publisher=Peaceful Parenting
+ |website=www.drmomma.org
+ |date=2010
+ |accessdate=2023-12-12
+ |format=
+ |quote=It is true that nursing programs (and medical school programs) in the [[United States]] have a long way to go in teaching proper [[intact]] care and development.
+}}</ref> It also is customary to wash before and after sex.
-If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a rubber-bulb ear syringe may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing. Washing is recommended before and after sex and as desired to remove accumulated [[smegma]].
+If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a [https://www.amazon.com/s?k=rubber%20bulb%20ear%20syringe rubber-bulb ear syringe] may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing. Washing is recommended before and after sex and as needed to remove accumulated [[smegma]].
 <b>Soap, body wash, and shampoo should not be used inside the preputial sac, because they remove the beneficial skin oil.</b>
 == Urination by foreskinned men==
-[[Foreskinned]] men sometimes ask, "do I have to retract my [[foreskin]] for [[urination]]?"<ref>Some men with abundant overhanging foreskin find it awkward and difficult to retract and keep retracted their [[foreskin]] because the foreskin is constantly pushing to glide forward to return to its normal position of covering and protecting the [[glans penis]].</ref> They may have been heard myths that it is unhealthy to have [[urine]] inside the [[foreskin]], however there is no factual basis for that claim. Urine has a healthy microbiome<ref name="cold-taylor1999" /> when it leaves the urethra and is helpful for flushing out the [[foreskin]] and keeping it clean. The presence of urine in the preputial sac is ''not'' unsanitary and does not do harm. Nature has planned for this condition. Boys by necessity pee through their [[foreskin]] because the juvenile foreskin does not retract and men with [[phimosis]] also pee through their [[foreskin]] because the foreskin does not retract. It does no harm so it is not necessary to pull back when you pee.
-The epithelium of all tissue in the preputial sac is [[Mucosa| mucosal membrane]] (similar to the inside of your mouth), which likes to be wet, so no damage or threat to health or well-being is caused by having [[urine]] inside the [[foreskin]]. The sphincter action of the preputial orifice functions as a one way valve, blocking the entry of contaminants and pathogens while allowing the passage of urine.<ref name="fleiss1998" /> The [[urine]] will serve to flush contaminants and pathogens out of the [[foreskin]]. A few individuals may experience [[ballooning of the foreskin]], which is harmless.
+The text of this section has been relocated to its own article. Please see [[Urination by foreskinned men]].
-The [[foreskin]] overhang or [[acroposthion]] may be used as a hose nozzle to control and direct the stream and may be adjusted as necessary to achieve a smooth stream. It may help to stretch one's [[foreskin]] out from one's body. One man said, "When I need to pee, I open my fly, pull my foreskin out and give it a tug to get any wrinkles out, then I hold my foreskin with the thumb and forefinger of both hands and use the overhang of my foreskin as a nozzle to direct my stream. When I finish, I milk it a bit to get any residual pee out of my [[penis]]."
-[[Foreskinned]] men may enjoy feeling a slight tickling sensation as the [[urine]] flows out through their [[acroposthion]].<ref>{{REFweb
- |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/17r7znz/uncut_pee/
- |title=Uncut Pee
- |last=Anonymous
- |first=
- |init=
- |author-link=
- |publisher=REDDITT
- |date=2023
- |accessdate=2025-06-12
-}}</ref>
-One may retract or not retract for [[urination]]. The human [[foreskin]] is highly flexible and stretchable. It may be stretched as desired laterally and/or lengthwise to cause [[mitosis]] and [[tissue expansion]] to resolve issues.
-There is enormous natural variation among [[foreskinned]] males in the length and tightness of the [[foreskin]], so men report a wide range of different experiences with their foreskin in [[urination]]. What works best depends to some extent on individual anatomy. Either way is okay.
-===Use of urinal===
-A plastic urinal that one may purchase from a drug store can be helpful in extreme cases. One may instert one's [[penis]] into the urinal prior to urinating. The walls of the urinal will catch any errant drops or streams of urine. The urinal may be emptied and rinsed after each use.
 {{SEEALSO}}
 * [[Autocircumcision]]
 * [[Balanitis]]
 * [[Care of intact elderly men]]
+* [[Fusions and adhesions]]
 * [[Hygiene]]
 * [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]
+* [[Jojoba]]
 * [[Living with a foreskin in circumcised America]]
+* [[Long foreskin]]
 * [[Meatus]]
 * [[Microbiome]]
@@ Line 340: / Line 389: @@
 {{LINKS}}
+* {{URLwikipedia|Preputial_mucosa|Preputial mucosa}}
 *  {{REFweb
   |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/hygiene/
@@ Line 372: / Line 422: @@
   |date=2025-04-08
   |accessdate=2025-04-12
+}}
+* {{REFweb
+ |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1o8su5n/comment/njy0dyz/
+ |title=Mom of intact son here (:
+ |last=Anonymous
+ |first=
+ |init=
+ |author-link=
+ |publisher=REDDIT
+ |date=2025-10-17
+ |accessdate=2025-10-17
 }}
 {{REF}}
@@ Line 377: / Line 438: @@
 [[Category:Education]]
 [[Category:Foreskin anatomy]]
+[[Category:Foreskinned life]]
 [[Category:Medical term]]
 [[Category:Parental information]]