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Preputial sac: Difference between revisions

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  |date=2012
  |date=2012
  |accessdate=2022-10-07
  |accessdate=2022-10-07
}}</ref> The preputial sac may also be called the '''sub-preputial space''' or '''preputial cavity'''. [[Circumcised]] men do not have a preputial sac.
}}</ref> The preputial sac may also be called the '''sub-preputial space''' or '''preputial cavity'''. [[Circumcised]] men do not have a preputial sac, however, men who have practiced [[foreskin restoration]] will gradually create a preputial sac as they complete their restoration.


==Description==
==Description==
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  |DOI=https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1090570409
  |DOI=https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1090570409
  |accessdate=2023-05-23
  |accessdate=2023-05-23
}}</ref> so it cannot be [[Infection| infected]]. The preputial sac will remain closed for a variable number of years. Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) conducted a survey of 4000 young men in [[Denmark]]. They reported that the mean age of first foreskin retraction is 10.4 years in [[Denmark]].<ref name="Thorvaldsen">{{REFjournal
}}</ref> so it cannot be [[Infection| infected]]. The preputial sac will remain closed for a variable number of years. Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) conducted a survey of 4000 young men in [[Denmark]]. They reported that the mean age of first [[foreskin]] retraction is 10.4 years in [[Denmark]].<ref name="Thorvaldsen">{{REFjournal
  |last=Thorvaldsen
  |last=Thorvaldsen
  |init=MA
  |init=MA
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  |date=2005
  |date=2005
  |accessdate=2025-03-06
  |accessdate=2025-03-06
}}</ref> Non-retractile foreskin is the more common condition until about 10-11 years of age.
}}</ref> Non-retractile [[foreskin]] is the more common condition until about 10-11 years of age.
 
===Penile health===
The preputial sac is lined with [[mucosa]] as is appropriate for an internal organ where moisture is present.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref> [[Urine]] and other sources of moisture are not harmful to it.
The preputial sac is lined with [[mucosa]] as is appropriate for an internal organ where moisture is present.<ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref> [[Urine]] and other sources of moisture are not harmful to it.


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}}</ref>, a natural, normal, benign, healthy, and beneficial product of the body, which will collect harmlessly in the preputial sac.
}}</ref>, a natural, normal, benign, healthy, and beneficial product of the body, which will collect harmlessly in the preputial sac.


A longer [[prepuce]] helps to keep out contaminants and pathogens.<ref name="fleiss1998" /> Lakshmanan & Parkash (1980) described the muscle fibers in the [[prepuce]] (known as the [[dartos]]), which contract to keep the prepuce snugly close to the [[glans penis]].<ref>{{REFjournal
A longer [[prepuce]] protects health by keeping out contaminants and pathogens that may cause disease.<ref name="fleiss1998" /> Lakshmanan & Parkash (1980) described the muscle fibers in the [[prepuce]] (known as the [[dartos]]), which contract to keep the prepuce snugly close to the [[glans penis]].<ref>{{REFjournal
  |last=Lakshmanan
  |last=Lakshmanan
  |first=
  |first=
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  |ref=<ref>{{DeWitte etal 2007}}</ref>
  |ref=<ref>{{DeWitte etal 2007}}</ref>
}}
}}
Fendereski et al. (2024) compared the penile health of [[circumcised]] boys without a preputial sac to [[intact]] boys with a preputial sac during the first five years of life. The authors reported that the [[circumcised]] boys had three times as many complaints when compared with [[intact]] boys.<ref name=fendereski2024">{{REFjournal
|last=Fendereski
|first=
|init=K
|author-link=
|last2=Horns
|first2=
|init2=JJ
|author2-link=
|last3=Driggs
|first3=
|init3=N
|author3-link=
|last4=Lau
|first4=
|init4=G
|author4-link=
|last5=Shaeffer
|first5=
|init5=AJ
|author5-link=
|etal=no
|title=Comparing Penile Problems in Circumcised vs. Uncircumcised Boys: Insights From a Large Commercial Claims Database With a Focus on Provider Type Performing Circumcision
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Pediatr Surg
|date=2024-11
|volume=59
|issue=11
|article=161614
|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002234682400407X
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=39084960
|pubmedCID=11486584
|DOI=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.022
|accessdate=2025-12-03
}}</ref>
=== Sub-preputial moisture ===
=== Sub-preputial moisture ===
A longer [[foreskin]] improves wetness in the preputial sac.<ref name="ofarrell2008">{{REFjournal
A longer [[foreskin]] improves wetness in the preputial sac.<ref name="ofarrell2008">{{REFjournal
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}}</ref> Moistness also may be maintained by [[transudation]].<ref name="cold-taylor1999" /> The preputial sac may also receive [[pre-ejaculate]], which may be distinguished because it is more slippery. The sac may vary from very slightly moist to wet when one is aroused.
}}</ref> Moistness also may be maintained by [[transudation]].<ref name="cold-taylor1999" /> The preputial sac may also receive [[pre-ejaculate]], which may be distinguished because it is more slippery. The sac may vary from very slightly moist to wet when one is aroused.


Nevertheless, some men report dryness in their preputial sac and with their [[glans penis]]. Some men recommend coconut oil and others recommend [[jojoba]] oil.<ref>{{REFweb
Nevertheless, some men, especially older men, report dryness in their preputial sac and with their [[glans penis]]. Some men recommend coconut oil and others recommend [[jojoba]] oil.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://supremepenis.com/blog/best-natural-oils-for-penis-skin-care/
  |url=https://supremepenis.com/blog/best-natural-oils-for-penis-skin-care/
  |title=Best Natural Oils for Penis Skin Care: Ultimate Guide to Healthy Skin
  |title=Best Natural Oils for Penis Skin Care: Ultimate Guide to Healthy Skin
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  |date=2025-07-14
  |date=2025-07-14
  |accessdate=2025-08-21
  |accessdate=2025-08-21
}}</ref> <ref>{{REFweb
}}</ref>  to moisturize the preputial sac. A few drops, applied once or twice a day, appears to be enough to keep the sac moisturized, lubricated, and comfortable.
  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/balanitis/comments/walcbh/the_jojoba_oil_solution/
|title=The jojoba oil solution
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=REDDIT
|date=2022
|accessdate=2025-01-07
}}</ref> to moisturize the preputial sac. A few drops, applied once or twice a day, appears to be enough to keep the sac moisturized, lubricated, and comfortable.


=== Foreskin fragrance ===
=== Foreskin fragrance ===
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  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1llu8bi/what_does_it_smell_like/
  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1llu8bi/what_does_it_smell_like/
  |title=What does it smell like?
  |title=What does it smell like?
  |last=
  |last=Anonymous
  |first=
  |first=
  |init=
  |init=
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}}</ref> from their [[penis]]. Musk is also produced by deer to create sexual arousal.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> The fragrance, when it occurs, is emitted from the preputial sac.
}}</ref> from their [[penis]]. Musk is also produced by deer to create sexual arousal.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> The fragrance, when it occurs, is emitted from the preputial sac.


The fragrance may contain stimulating pheromones and is variously characterized. A few find it offensive, but others find it attractive, pleasing, exciting, stimulating, or arousing.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> <ref>{{REFweb
The fragrance may contain stimulating [[pheromone| pheromones]] and is variously characterized. A few find it offensive, but others find it attractive, pleasing, exciting, stimulating, or arousing.<ref name="vocabulary2024" /> <ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1juhht2/scent/
  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1juhht2/scent/
  |title=Scent
  |title=Scent
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  |init=
  |init=
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
  |publisher=Reddit
  |publisher=REDDIT
  |date=
  |date=
  |accessdate=2025-04-09
  |accessdate=2025-04-09
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Some believe that the use of soap in the preputial sac harms the natural [[microbiome]] and increases the strength of the fragrance. The musky foreskin fragrance may be contained by avoiding retraction of the [[foreskin]].
Some believe that the use of soap in the preputial sac harms the natural [[microbiome]] and increases the strength of the fragrance. The musky foreskin fragrance may be contained by avoiding retraction of the [[foreskin]].
Several manufacturers offer musk-scented cologne for men.


==Washing==
==Washing==
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}}</ref> It also is customary to wash before and after sex.
}}</ref> It also is customary to wash before and after sex.


If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a [https://www.amazon.com/s?k=rubber%20bulb%20ear%20syringe rubber-bulb ear syringe] may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing. Washing is recommended before and after sex and as needed to remove accumulated [[smegma]].
If the [[foreskin]] is non-retractable, then a [https://www.amazon.com/s?k=rubber%20bulb%20ear%20syringe rubber-bulb ear syringe] may be used to squirt warm water into the [[foreskin]] to flush it out for an occasional washing.<ref>{{REFweb
 
|url=https://www.nocirc.org/publish/pamphlet8.html
|title=Answers To Your Questions About Care of the Intact Penis in the Geriatric / Disabled Population
|last=Milos
|first=
|init=M
|author-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos
|publisher=NOCIRC
|date=2004-01
|accessdate=2026-03-15
}}</ref> Washing is recommended before and after sex and as needed to remove accumulated [[smegma]]. Overwashing is more likely to cause health issues than underwashing.<ref name="birley1993" />
<b>Soap, body wash, and shampoo should not be used inside the preputial sac, because they remove the beneficial skin oil.</b>
<b>Soap, body wash, and shampoo should not be used inside the preputial sac, because they remove the beneficial skin oil.</b>


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* [[Balanitis]]
* [[Balanitis]]
* [[Care of intact elderly men]]
* [[Care of intact elderly men]]
* [[Fusions and adhesions]]
* [[Hygiene]]
* [[Hygiene]]
* [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]
* [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin]]
* [[Jojoba]]
* [[Jojoba]]
* [[Living with a foreskin in circumcised America]]
* [[Living with a foreskin in circumcised America]]
* [[Long foreskin]]
* [[Meatus]]
* [[Meatus]]
* [[Microbiome]]
* [[Microbiome]]
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{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Preputial_mucosa|Preputial mucosa}}
*  {{REFweb
*  {{REFweb
  |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/hygiene/
  |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/hygiene/
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  |date=2025-10-17
  |date=2025-10-17
  |accessdate=2025-10-17
  |accessdate=2025-10-17
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1rrh4ua/comment/oa3n6yw/
|title=Comment on "Odor"
|last=Anonymous
|publisher=Reddit
|date=2025-03-12
|accessdate=2025-03-15
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1rrh4ua/comment/oa59gf9/
|title=Second Comment on "Odor"
|last=Anonymous
|publisher=Reddit
|date=2025-03-12
|accessdate=2025-03-15
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1sv134l/dry_glands/
|title=Dry glans
|last=Anonymous
|publisher=Reddit
|date=2026-04-24
|accessdate=2026-04-25
}}
}}
{{REF}}
{{REF}}
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