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[[File:Flag_of_Canada.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of Canada]]
[[File:Flag_of_Canada.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of Canada]]
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a federal state,a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy.<ref>{{REFdocument
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy.<ref>{{REFdocument
  |title=Discover Canada
  |title=Discover Canada
  |url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/ircc/migration/ircc/english/pdf/pub/discover.pdf
  |url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/ircc/migration/ircc/english/pdf/pub/discover.pdf
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The practice of harmful, [[pain| painful]] medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] is concentrated among the English-speaking population and is a declining practice.
The practice of harmful, [[pain| painful]] medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] is concentrated among the English-speaking population and is a declining practice.


The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favour circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the native culture of indigenous Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population). The Canadian Government established Residential Schools from about 1880 to assimilate the indigneous people into Euro-Canadian culture.<ref name="residential2021">{{REFweb
The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favour circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the native culture of indigenous Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population).  
 
The Canadian Government established Residential Schools from about 1880 to assimilate the indigneous people into Euro-Canadian culture.<ref name="residential2021">{{REFweb
  |title=Residential Schools in Canada
  |title=Residential Schools in Canada
  |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools
  |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools
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  |quote=
  |quote=
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
There was one doctor in P.E.I. who performed non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys and made the incidence of circumcision the highest in Canada. He has now retired, so circumcision is not currently available in P.E.I.


== Position statements of medical societies ==
== Position statements of medical societies ==
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==Canada and circumcision in the 21st century==
==Canada and circumcision in the 21st century==
===The incidence of circumcision varies widely by region===
The incidence of non-therapeutic child circumcision Labrador and Newfoundland is reported to be close to zero while Saskatchewan had an incidence of circumcision in 2000 and 2001 of 27.6 percent. The Saskatchewan College of Physicians and Surgeons said in 2002 that was much too high and should be reduced substantially. The Registrar, Dr. Dennis Kimble, said, "they [doctors] aren't required to carry out a procedure simply because parents want it done."<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Sask. college wants circumcision rates reduced
|url=http://www.cirp.org/news/medicalpost03-18-02/
|last=Driver
|first=Deana
|coauthors=
|publisher=Medical Post
|website=
|date=2002-03-19
|accessdate=2021-07-22
|quote=
}}</ref>
Jackie Smith (2002) discussed the growing consensus against non-therapeutic child circumcision, which she called an "anachronism".<ref name="smith2002">{{REFnews
Jackie Smith (2002) discussed the growing consensus against non-therapeutic child circumcision, which she called an "anachronism".<ref name="smith2002">{{REFnews
  |title=The growing consensus against circumcision
  |title=The growing consensus against circumcision
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  |quote=
  |quote=
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


===The most recent survey was done in 2006-7===
===The most recent survey was done in 2006-7===
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<b>The historic survey by the Public Health Agency of Canada is now well out-of-date and cannot be relied on for current information.</b>
<b>The historic survey by the Public Health Agency of Canada is now well out-of-date and cannot be relied on for current information.</b>


In all provinces and territories, only a minority of boys are being [[circumcised]]. Sheldon (2008) reported an incidence of 13.9 percent.<ref name="skeldon2008"/> The incidence of circumcision in Labrador and Newfoundland is reported to be close to zero.<ref>{{REFweb
Sheldon (2008) reported an incidence of 13.9 percent.<ref name="skeldon2008"/> The incidence of circumcision in Labrador and Newfoundland is reported to be close to zero.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://momlovesbest.com/choosing-circumcision
  |url=https://momlovesbest.com/choosing-circumcision
  |title=Circumcision: Pros and Cons
  |title=Circumcision: Pros and Cons
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  |quote=Labrador and Newfoundland have close to zero.
  |quote=Labrador and Newfoundland have close to zero.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
===Survey of the prepuce and circumcision in Canada===
Abara (2017) surveyed the prepuce and circumcision in Canada. He reported "most Canadian newborn males are likely to live out their lives with an intact prepuce." He had nothing to say about the sexual and psychological burdens posed by circumcision. In all provinces and territories, only a minority of boys are being [[circumcised]].<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Abara
|first=
|init=EO
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Prepuce health and childhood circumcision: Choices in Canada
|trans-title=
|journal= Can Urol Assoc J
|location=
|date=2017-01
|volume=11(1-2Suppl1)
|pages=S55-S62
|url=https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/4447
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=2826532
|pubmedCID=5332238
|DOI=10.5489/cuaj.4447
|accessdate=2025-12-28
}}</ref>


[[Circumcised]] males are found mostly in older age groups.
[[Circumcised]] males are found mostly in older age groups.


The incidence of child circumcision in Canada varies by province, but the overall incidence is believed to be one-half or less than that of the [[United States]] where the [[United_States_of_America#Incidence_of_circumcision| incidence of circumcision]] also is declining. It is now estimated that less than 20 percent or 1 out of 5 boys in Canada are currently being [[circumcised]]. The prevalence of [[circumcision]] in the whole population constantly declines as elderly, mostly [[circumcised]] males die off and are replaced in the population by mostly [[intact]] boys.
The incidence of child circumcision in Canada varies by province, but the overall incidence is believed to be one-half or less than that of the [[United States]] where the [[United_States_of_America#Incidence_of_circumcision| incidence of circumcision]] also is declining. It is now estimated that less than 15 percent of boys in Canada are currently being [[circumcised]]. The prevalence of [[circumcision]] in the whole population constantly declines as elderly, mostly [[circumcised]] males die off and are replaced in the population by mostly [[intact]] boys.


[[Foreskinned]] males are in the majority in every province and territory.
[[Foreskinned]] males are in the majority in every province and territory.
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  |ISBN= 978-1779400307
  |ISBN= 978-1779400307
  |accessdate=2024-10-06
  |accessdate=2024-10-06
  }}</ref> Only "medically indicated" circumcisions (which are very rare) are covered.<ref name="dm2024" />
  }}</ref> Only "medically indicated" circumcisions are covered.<ref name="dm2024" /> There are no indications for circumcision in the newborn period.<ref name="aap1971">{{REFbook
===The incidence of circumcision varies widely by region===
|last=American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn
The incidence of non-therapeutic child circumcision Labrador and Newfoundland is reported to be close to zero while Saskatchewan had an incidence of circumcision in 2000 and 2001 of 27.6 percent. The Saskatchewan College of Physicians and Surgeons said in 2002 that was much too high and should be reduced substantially. The Registrar, Dr. Dennis Kimble, said, "they [doctors] aren't required to carry out a procedure simply because parents want it done."<ref>{{REFnews
|first=
  |title=Sask. college wants circumcision rates reduced
|init=
  |url=http://www.cirp.org/news/medicalpost03-18-02/
|year=1971
  |last=Driver
  |title=Standards and Recommendation for Hospital Care of Newborn infants
|first=Deana
  |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aap/#a1971
  |coauthors=
  |scope=
  |publisher=Medical Post
  |location=Evanston
  |website=
  |publisher=American Academy of Pediatrics
  |date=2002-03-19
  |ISBN=
|accessdate=2021-07-22
  |accessdate=2025-03-13
  |quote=
  }}</ref>
}}</ref>


===Factors pushing the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision down===
===Factors pushing the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision down===
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Non-therapeutic circumcision is a violation of the child's rights under Article 7 of the [https://duckduckgo.com/?ia=web&origin=funnel_home_website&hps=1&q=charter%20of%20rights%20and%20freedoms%20section%207&atb=v320-1 Charter of Rights and Freedoms].
* Non-therapeutic circumcision is a violation of the child's rights under Article 7 of the [https://duckduckgo.com/?ia=web&origin=funnel_home_website&hps=1&q=charter%20of%20rights%20and%20freedoms%20section%207&atb=v320-1 Charter of Rights and Freedoms].
* The health insurance plans (HIPs) do not support non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="skeldon2008" />
* The health insurance plans (HIPs) do not support non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="skeldon2008" />
 
* The CPS recommends: "In cases in which medical necessity is not established or a proposed treatment is based on personal preference, interventions should be deferred until the individual concerned is able to make their own choices."<ref name="cps2015" />
* The ratio of [[intact]] fathers to [[circumcised]] fathers is changing toward more [[intact]] fathers and fewer [[circumcised ]]fathers. Boys who were born after the decline in circumcision started and who are [[intact]] are now reaching the age at which they start families and become fathers. [[Intact]] men usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]] (See [[Adamant father syndrome]]), so they will usually not have a son [[circumcised]].<ref name="rediger-muller2013" /> This will cause a further decline in the incidence of [[circumcision]].
* The ratio of [[intact]] fathers to [[circumcised]] fathers is changing toward more [[intact]] fathers and fewer [[circumcised ]]fathers. Boys who were born after the decline in circumcision started and who are [[intact]] are now reaching the age at which they start families and become fathers. [[Intact]] men usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]] (See [[Adamant father syndrome]]), so they will usually not have a son [[circumcised]].<ref name="rediger-muller2013" /> This will cause a further decline in the incidence of [[circumcision]].


* The large numbers of [[intact]] boys growing up healthy and happy is further eroding support for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].
* The large numbers of [[intact]] boys growing up healthy and happy is further eroding support for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].


* The survey (2006) found that the incidence of circumcision on Prince Edward Island was 38 percent.  A recent report (2019) indicated that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is no longer available on P.E.I. because no practitioner will perform the non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of part of a boy's [[penis]].<ref name="williams2019">{{REFnews
* The survey (2006) found that the incidence of circumcision on Prince Edward Island was 38 percent.  A recent report (2019) indicated that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is no longer available on P.E.I. after the retirement of Dr Doug Tweel in December 2018,<ref>{{REFnews
|title=New doctor to take over Doug Tweel's patients by June
|url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/doctor-over-doug-tweel-apos-000000380.html
|last=Anonymous
|publisher=CBC
|date=2019-05-13
|accessdate=2026-02-26}}</ref> because no practitioner will perform the non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of part of a boy's [[penis]].<ref name="williams2019">{{REFnews
  |title=Mom 'enraged' she can't find doctor to perform circumcision on P.E.I.
  |title=Mom 'enraged' she can't find doctor to perform circumcision on P.E.I.
  |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/p-e-i-no-doctors-circumcision-1.5187284
  |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/p-e-i-no-doctors-circumcision-1.5187284
Line 1,084: Line 1,129:


===Estimates of prevalence and incidence of circumcision in Canada===
===Estimates of prevalence and incidence of circumcision in Canada===
Non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] is the NORM in all parts of Canada and has been for several decades. The last statistics were collected in 2006-7, so they are completely out-of-date. In the absence of any statistical data, IntactWiki offers the following estimates for 2026:
The incidence of [[child circumcision]] in Canada has been in a long-term declining trend since the 1980s.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/answers/0ed39a4d-8136-4f36-8b44-5da3f230d180/?q=Circumcision%20norms%20and%20preferences%20in%20Canada&source=PDP&tl=en
|title=Circumcision norms and preferences in Canada
|last=
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Reddit
|date=
|accessdate=2026-03-24
}}</ref>


<b>Prevalence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of all living Canadian males of all ages who are [[circumcised]]. This group is primarily composed of older English-speaking males. IntactiWiki estimates the prevalence of [[circumcision]] is about 25-30 percent.
Non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] is the NORM in all parts of Canada and has been for several decades. The last statistics were collected in 2006-7, so they are completely out-of-date. In the absence of any current statistical data, <b>IntactiWiki</b> offers the following estimates for 2026:


<b>Incidence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of newborn boys Canada-wide who are currently receiving [[child circumcision]]. This percentage will vary by locality. Many of these boys may have older [[circumcised]] fathers who [[Adamant father syndrome| adamantly insist that their son be circumcised]]. IntactiWiki estimates 10-15 percent of newborn boys are currently undergoing harmful, unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[child circumcision]].
<b>Prevalence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of all living Canadian males of all ages who are [[circumcised]]. The [[circumcised]] group is primarily composed of older English-speaking males. <b>IntactiWiki</b> estimates the prevalence of [[circumcision]] is about 25-30 percent.
 
<b>Incidence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of Canada-wide newborn boys who are currently receiving [[child circumcision]]. This percentage will vary by locality. Many of these circumcised boys may have older [[circumcised]] fathers who [[Adamant father syndrome| adamantly insist that their son be circumcised]]. <b>IntactiWiki</b> estimates 10-15 percent of newborn boys are currently undergoing harmful, unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[child circumcision]].
 
===Doctor cuts off tip of infant boy's penis===
A woman in Regina, Saskatchewan sued a physician after the tip of her son's [[penis]] was cut off during a [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Regina woman sues doctor after tip of son's penis cut off in circumcision
|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/regina-woman-sues-doctor-after-tip-of-son-s-penis-cut-off-in-circumcision-1.5251605
|last=Taylor
|first=Stephanie
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=The Canadian Press
|website=
|date=2019-08-19
|accessdate=2026-02-26
|quote=The lawsuit, which has not been tested in court, alleges an intern performed the circumcision.
}}</ref>
===The handicaps imposed by circumcision===
[[Dale Andersen| Dale Andersen-Ghiberti, MSW, RSW,]] (2025) has released a new work in [https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/index Critical Disability Discourses], published at [https://www.yorku.ca/ York University], Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on the lifelong handicaps imposed by [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Andersen-Giberson
|init=D
|author-link=Dale Andersen
|url=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786
|title=Circumcision and forced disability: Routine male neonatal circumcision and the consequences of amputation within a critical disability studies framework
|journal=Critical Disability Discourses
|date=2025-12
|volume=10
|issue=2
|pages=1-37
|URL=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016
|DOI=https://doi.org/10.25071/1918-6215.39786
|accessdate=2026-03-12
|quote=In a critical disability studies framework, it is argued that the act of amputating healthy erogenous tissue and the consequences of that amputation cause disability, particularly from a counter-hegemonic lens.
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2026-03-12
}}
</ref>


==Video==
==Video==
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<youtube>v=-VP9iO3sbA4&t=359s</youtube>
<youtube>v=-VP9iO3sbA4&t=359s</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Dale Andersen]]
* [[Canadian Children's Rights Council]]
* [[Canadian Children's Rights Council]]
* [[Canadian Foreskin Awareness Project (CAN-FAP)]]
* [[Canadian Foreskin Awareness Project (CAN-FAP)]]
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* [[College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Ontario]]
* [[College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Ontario]]
* [[Foreskin]]
* [[Foreskin]]
* [[Foreskin comment]]
* [[Jonathan A. Allan]]
* [[Jonathan A. Allan]]
* [[Trauma]]
* [[Trauma]]
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  |format=
  |format=
  |quote=Instead of coming down on one side of the debate, the [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] could help parents more by offering guidance that clearly spells out the potential advantages and risks of [[circumcision]], without bias or omission.
  |quote=Instead of coming down on one side of the debate, the [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] could help parents more by offering guidance that clearly spells out the potential advantages and risks of [[circumcision]], without bias or omission.
}}
* {{REFnews
|title=Regrowing my foreskin: How I’m overcoming the trauma of infant circumcision
|url=https://www.queensjournal.ca/story/2021-01-21/postscript/regrowing-my-foreskin/
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|coauthors=
|publisher={{UNI|Queen's University|Queen's}} Journal
|website=
|date=2021-01-21
|accessdate=2026-04-29
|quote=
}}
}}
* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
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* {{REFweb
* {{REFweb
  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1pustxg/growing_up_uncircumcised_in_the_80s_and_90s_in/
  |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1pustxg/growing_up_uncircumcised_in_the_80s_and_90s_in/
  |title=Growing up uncircumcised in the 80's and 90's in Canada  
  |title=Growing up intact in the 80's and 90's in Canada  
  |last=Anonymous
  |last=Anonymous
  |publisher=REDDIT
  |publisher=REDDIT
  |date=2025-12-24
  |date=2025-12-24
  |accessdate=2025-12-24
  |accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
}}
{{ABBR}}
{{ABBR}}
Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Canada"