Canada: Difference between revisions

(17 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

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[[File:Flag_of_Canada.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of Canada]]

'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a federal state,a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy.<ref>{{REFdocument

'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy.<ref>{{REFdocument

|title=Discover Canada

|url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/ircc/migration/ircc/english/pdf/pub/discover.pdf

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The practice of harmful, [[pain| painful]] medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] is concentrated among the English-speaking population and is a declining practice.

The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favour circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the native culture of indigenous Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population). The Canadian Government established Residential Schools from about 1880 to assimilate the indigneous people into Euro-Canadian culture.<ref name="residential2021">{{REFweb

The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favour circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the native culture of indigenous Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population).

The Canadian Government established Residential Schools from about 1880 to assimilate the indigneous people into Euro-Canadian culture.<ref name="residential2021">{{REFweb

|title=Residential Schools in Canada

|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools

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|quote=

}}</ref>

There was one doctor in P.E.I. who performed non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys and made the incidence of circumcision the highest in Canada. He has now retired, so circumcision is not currently available in P.E.I.

== Position statements of medical societies ==

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[[Circumcised]] males are found mostly in older age groups.

The incidence of child circumcision in Canada varies by province, but the overall incidence is believed to be one-half or less than that of the [[United States]] where the [[United_States_of_America#Incidence_of_circumcision| incidence of circumcision]] also is declining. It is now estimated that less than 20 percent ~~or 1 out~~ of 5 boys in Canada are currently being [[circumcised]]. The prevalence of [[circumcision]] in the whole population constantly declines as elderly, mostly [[circumcised]] males die off and are replaced in the population by mostly [[intact]] boys.

The incidence of child circumcision in Canada varies by province, but the overall incidence is believed to be one-half or less than that of the [[United States]] where the [[United_States_of_America#Incidence_of_circumcision| incidence of circumcision]] also is declining. It is now estimated that less than 15 percent of boys in Canada are currently being [[circumcised]]. The prevalence of [[circumcision]] in the whole population constantly declines as elderly, mostly [[circumcised]] males die off and are replaced in the population by mostly [[intact]] boys.

[[Foreskinned]] males are in the majority in every province and territory.

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|ISBN= 978-1779400307

|accessdate=2024-10-06

}}</ref> Only "medically indicated" circumcisions ~~(which are very rare)~~ are covered.<ref name="dm2024" />

}}</ref> Only "medically indicated" circumcisions are covered.<ref name="dm2024" /> There are no indications for circumcision in the newborn period.<ref name="aap1971">{{REFbook

|last=American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn

|first=

|init=

|year=1971

|title=Standards and Recommendation for Hospital Care of Newborn infants

|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aap/#a1971

|scope=

|location=Evanston

|publisher=American Academy of Pediatrics

|ISBN=

|accessdate=2025-03-13

}}</ref>

===Factors pushing the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision down===

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* Non-therapeutic circumcision is a violation of the child's rights under Article 7 of the [https://duckduckgo.com/?ia=web&origin=funnel_home_website&hps=1&q=charter%20of%20rights%20and%20freedoms%20section%207&atb=v320-1 Charter of Rights and Freedoms].

* The health insurance plans (HIPs) do not support non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="skeldon2008" />

* The CPS recommends: "In cases in which medical necessity is not established or a proposed treatment is based on personal preference, interventions should be deferred until the individual concerned is able to make their own choices."

* The CPS recommends: "In cases in which medical necessity is not established or a proposed treatment is based on personal preference, interventions should be deferred until the individual concerned is able to make their own choices."<ref name="cps2015" />

* The ratio of [[intact]] fathers to [[circumcised]] fathers is changing toward more [[intact]] fathers and fewer [[circumcised ]]fathers. Boys who were born after the decline in circumcision started and who are [[intact]] are now reaching the age at which they start families and become fathers. [[Intact]] men usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]] (See [[Adamant father syndrome]]), so they will usually not have a son [[circumcised]].<ref name="rediger-muller2013" /> This will cause a further decline in the incidence of [[circumcision]].

* The large numbers of [[intact]] boys growing up healthy and happy is further eroding support for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].

* The survey (2006) found that the incidence of circumcision on Prince Edward Island was 38 percent. A recent report (2019) indicated that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is no longer available on P.E.I. because no practitioner will perform the non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of part of a boy's [[penis]].<ref name="williams2019">{{REFnews

* The survey (2006) found that the incidence of circumcision on Prince Edward Island was 38 percent. A recent report (2019) indicated that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is no longer available on P.E.I. after the retirement of Dr Doug Tweel in December 2018,<ref>{{REFnews

|title=New doctor to take over Doug Tweel's patients by June

|url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/doctor-over-doug-tweel-apos-000000380.html

|last=Anonymous

|publisher=CBC

|date=2019-05-13

|accessdate=2026-02-26}}</ref> because no practitioner will perform the non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of part of a boy's [[penis]].<ref name="williams2019">{{REFnews

|title=Mom 'enraged' she can't find doctor to perform circumcision on P.E.I.

|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/p-e-i-no-doctors-circumcision-1.5187284

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===Estimates of prevalence and incidence of circumcision in Canada===

Non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] is the NORM in all parts of Canada and has been for several decades. The last statistics were collected in 2006-7, so they are completely out-of-date. In the absence of any current statistical data, IntactiWiki offers the following estimates for 2026:

The incidence of [[child circumcision]] in Canada has been in a long-term declining trend since the 1980s.<ref>{{REFweb

|url=https://www.reddit.com/answers/0ed39a4d-8136-4f36-8b44-5da3f230d180/?q=Circumcision%20norms%20and%20preferences%20in%20Canada&source=PDP&tl=en

|title=Circumcision norms and preferences in Canada

|last=

|first=

|init=

|author-link=

|publisher=Reddit

|date=

|accessdate=2026-03-24

}}</ref>

Non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] is the NORM in all parts of Canada and has been for several decades. The last statistics were collected in 2006-7, so they are completely out-of-date. In the absence of any current statistical data, IntactiWiki offers the following estimates for 2026:

Prevalence of circumcision is the percentage of all living Canadian males of all ages who are [[circumcised]]. The [[circumcised]] group is primarily composed of older English-speaking males. IntactiWiki estimates the prevalence of [[circumcision]] is about 25-30 percent.

Prevalence of circumcision is the percentage of all living Canadian males of all ages who are [[circumcised]]. The [[circumcised]] group is primarily composed of older English-speaking males. IntactiWiki estimates the prevalence of [[circumcision]] is about 25-30 percent.

Incidence of circumcision is the percentage of Canada-wide newborn boys who are currently receiving [[child circumcision]]. This percentage will vary by locality. Many of these circumcised boys may have older [[circumcised]] fathers who [[Adamant father syndrome| adamantly insist that their son be circumcised]]. IntactiWiki estimates 10-15 percent of newborn boys are currently undergoing harmful, unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[child circumcision]].

Incidence of circumcision is the percentage of Canada-wide newborn boys who are currently receiving [[child circumcision]]. This percentage will vary by locality. Many of these circumcised boys may have older [[circumcised]] fathers who [[Adamant father syndrome| adamantly insist that their son be circumcised]]. IntactiWiki estimates 10-15 percent of newborn boys are currently undergoing harmful, unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[child circumcision]].

===Doctor cuts off tip of infant boy's penis===

A woman in Regina, Saskatchewan sued a physician after the tip of her son's [[penis]] was cut off during a [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFnews

|title=Regina woman sues doctor after tip of son's penis cut off in circumcision

|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/regina-woman-sues-doctor-after-tip-of-son-s-penis-cut-off-in-circumcision-1.5251605

|last=Taylor

|first=Stephanie

|init=

|author-link=

|publisher=The Canadian Press

|website=

|date=2019-08-19

|accessdate=2026-02-26

|quote=The lawsuit, which has not been tested in court, alleges an intern performed the circumcision.

}}</ref>

===The handicaps imposed by circumcision===

[[Dale Andersen| Dale Andersen-Ghiberti, MSW, RSW,]] (2025) has released a new work in [https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/index Critical Disability Discourses], published at [https://www.yorku.ca/ York University], Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on the lifelong handicaps imposed by [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=Andersen-Giberson

|init=D

|author-link=Dale Andersen

|url=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786

|title=Circumcision and forced disability: Routine male neonatal circumcision and the consequences of amputation within a critical disability studies framework

|journal=Critical Disability Discourses

|date=2025-12

|volume=10

|issue=2

|pages=1-37

|URL=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016

|DOI=https://doi.org/10.25071/1918-6215.39786

|accessdate=2026-03-12

|quote=In a critical disability studies framework, it is argued that the act of amputating healthy erogenous tissue and the consequences of that amputation cause disability, particularly from a counter-hegemonic lens.

|format=PDF

|accessdate=2026-03-12

}}

</ref>

==Video==

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* [[Dale Andersen]]

* [[Canadian Children's Rights Council]]

* [[Canadian Foreskin Awareness Project (CAN-FAP)]]

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* [[College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Ontario]]

* [[Foreskin]]

* [[Foreskin comment]]

* [[Jonathan A. Allan]]

* [[Trauma]]

Line 1,191:

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|format=

|quote=Instead of coming down on one side of the debate, the [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] could help parents more by offering guidance that clearly spells out the potential advantages and risks of [[circumcision]], without bias or omission.

}}

* {{REFnews

|title=Regrowing my foreskin: How I’m overcoming the trauma of infant circumcision

|url=https://www.queensjournal.ca/story/2021-01-21/postscript/regrowing-my-foreskin/

|last=Anonymous

|first=

|coauthors=

|publisher={{UNI|Queen's University|Queen's}} Journal

|website=

|date=2021-01-21

|accessdate=2026-04-29

|quote=

}}

* {{REFweb

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* {{REFweb

|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1pustxg/growing_up_uncircumcised_in_the_80s_and_90s_in/

|title=Growing up ~~uncircumcised~~ in the 80's and 90's in Canada

|title=Growing up intact in the 80's and 90's in Canada

|last=Anonymous

|publisher=REDDIT

|date=2025-12-24

|accessdate=~~2025~~-12-24

|accessdate=2026-01-20

}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:Flag_of_Canada.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of Canada]]
-'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a federal state,a  parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy.<ref>{{REFdocument
+'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy.<ref>{{REFdocument
   |title=Discover Canada
   |url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/ircc/migration/ircc/english/pdf/pub/discover.pdf
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 The practice of harmful, [[pain| painful]] medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] is concentrated among the English-speaking population and is a declining practice.
-The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favour circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the native culture of indigenous Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population). The Canadian Government established Residential Schools from about 1880 to assimilate the indigneous people into Euro-Canadian culture.<ref name="residential2021">{{REFweb
+The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favour circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the native culture of indigenous Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population).
+The Canadian Government established Residential Schools from about 1880 to assimilate the indigneous people into Euro-Canadian culture.<ref name="residential2021">{{REFweb
   |title=Residential Schools in Canada
   |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools
@@ Line 250: / Line 252: @@
   |quote=
 }}</ref>
+There was one doctor in P.E.I. who performed non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys and made the incidence of circumcision the highest in Canada. He has now retired, so circumcision is not currently available in P.E.I.
 == Position statements of medical societies ==
@@ Line 739: / Line 743: @@
 [[Circumcised]] males are found mostly in older age groups.
-The incidence of child circumcision in Canada varies by province, but the overall incidence is believed to be one-half or less than that of the [[United States]] where the [[United_States_of_America#Incidence_of_circumcision| incidence of circumcision]] also is declining. It is now estimated that less than 20 percent or 1 out of 5 boys in Canada are currently being [[circumcised]]. The prevalence of [[circumcision]] in the whole population constantly declines as elderly, mostly [[circumcised]] males die off and are replaced in the population by mostly [[intact]] boys.
+The incidence of child circumcision in Canada varies by province, but the overall incidence is believed to be one-half or less than that of the [[United States]] where the [[United_States_of_America#Incidence_of_circumcision| incidence of circumcision]] also is declining. It is now estimated that less than 15 percent of boys in Canada are currently being [[circumcised]]. The prevalence of [[circumcision]] in the whole population constantly declines as elderly, mostly [[circumcised]] males die off and are replaced in the population by mostly [[intact]] boys.
 [[Foreskinned]] males are in the majority in every province and territory.
@@ Line 841: / Line 845: @@
   |ISBN= 978-1779400307
   |accessdate=2024-10-06
-  }}</ref> Only "medically indicated" circumcisions (which are very rare) are covered.<ref name="dm2024" />
+  }}</ref> Only "medically indicated" circumcisions are covered.<ref name="dm2024" /> There are no indications for circumcision in the newborn period.<ref name="aap1971">{{REFbook
+ |last=American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn
+ |first=
+ |init=
+ |year=1971
+ |title=Standards and Recommendation for Hospital Care of Newborn infants
+ |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aap/#a1971
+ |scope=
+ |location=Evanston
+ |publisher=American Academy of Pediatrics
+ |ISBN=
+ |accessdate=2025-03-13
+ }}</ref>
 ===Factors pushing the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision down===
@@ Line 861: / Line 877: @@
 * Non-therapeutic circumcision is a violation of the child's rights under Article 7 of the [https://duckduckgo.com/?ia=web&origin=funnel_home_website&hps=1&q=charter%20of%20rights%20and%20freedoms%20section%207&atb=v320-1 Charter of Rights and Freedoms].
 * The health insurance plans (HIPs) do not support non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="skeldon2008" />
-* The CPS recommends: "In cases in which medical necessity is not established or a proposed treatment is based on personal preference, interventions should be deferred until the individual concerned is able to make their own choices."
+* The CPS recommends: "In cases in which medical necessity is not established or a proposed treatment is based on personal preference, interventions should be deferred until the individual concerned is able to make their own choices."<ref name="cps2015" />
 * The ratio of [[intact]] fathers to [[circumcised]] fathers is changing toward more [[intact]] fathers and fewer [[circumcised ]]fathers. Boys who were born after the decline in circumcision started and who are [[intact]] are now reaching the age at which they start families and become fathers. [[Intact]] men usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]] (See [[Adamant father syndrome]]), so they will usually not have a son [[circumcised]].<ref name="rediger-muller2013" /> This will cause a further decline in the incidence of [[circumcision]].
 * The large numbers of [[intact]] boys growing up healthy and happy is further eroding support for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].
-* The survey (2006) found that the incidence of circumcision on Prince Edward Island was 38 percent.  A recent report (2019) indicated that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is no longer available on P.E.I. because no practitioner will perform the non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of part of a boy's [[penis]].<ref name="williams2019">{{REFnews
+* The survey (2006) found that the incidence of circumcision on Prince Edward Island was 38 percent.  A recent report (2019) indicated that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is no longer available on P.E.I. after the retirement of Dr Doug Tweel in December 2018,<ref>{{REFnews
+ |title=New doctor to take over Doug Tweel's patients by June
+ |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/doctor-over-doug-tweel-apos-000000380.html
+ |last=Anonymous
+ |publisher=CBC
+ |date=2019-05-13
+ |accessdate=2026-02-26}}</ref> because no practitioner will perform the non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of part of a boy's [[penis]].<ref name="williams2019">{{REFnews
   |title=Mom 'enraged' she can't find doctor to perform circumcision on P.E.I.
   |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/p-e-i-no-doctors-circumcision-1.5187284
@@ Line 1,107: / Line 1,129: @@
 ===Estimates of prevalence and incidence of circumcision in Canada===
-Non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] is the NORM in all parts of Canada and has been for several decades. The last statistics were collected in 2006-7, so they are completely out-of-date. In the absence of any current statistical data, IntactiWiki offers the following estimates for 2026:
+The incidence of [[child circumcision]] in Canada has been in a long-term declining trend since the 1980s.<ref>{{REFweb
+ |url=https://www.reddit.com/answers/0ed39a4d-8136-4f36-8b44-5da3f230d180/?q=Circumcision%20norms%20and%20preferences%20in%20Canada&source=PDP&tl=en
+ |title=Circumcision norms and preferences in Canada
+ |last=
+ |first=
+ |init=
+ |author-link=
+ |publisher=Reddit
+ |date=
+ |accessdate=2026-03-24
+}}</ref>
+Non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] is the NORM in all parts of Canada and has been for several decades. The last statistics were collected in 2006-7, so they are completely out-of-date. In the absence of any current statistical data, <b>IntactiWiki</b> offers the following estimates for 2026:
-<b>Prevalence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of all living Canadian males of all ages who are [[circumcised]]. The [[circumcised]] group is primarily composed of older English-speaking males. IntactiWiki estimates the prevalence of [[circumcision]] is about 25-30 percent.
+<b>Prevalence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of all living Canadian males of all ages who are [[circumcised]]. The [[circumcised]] group is primarily composed of older English-speaking males. <b>IntactiWiki</b> estimates the prevalence of [[circumcision]] is about 25-30 percent.
-<b>Incidence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of Canada-wide newborn boys who are currently receiving [[child circumcision]]. This percentage will vary by locality. Many of these circumcised boys may have older [[circumcised]] fathers who [[Adamant father syndrome| adamantly insist that their son be circumcised]]. IntactiWiki estimates 10-15 percent of newborn boys are currently undergoing harmful, unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[child circumcision]].
+<b>Incidence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of Canada-wide newborn boys who are currently receiving [[child circumcision]]. This percentage will vary by locality. Many of these circumcised boys may have older [[circumcised]] fathers who [[Adamant father syndrome| adamantly insist that their son be circumcised]]. <b>IntactiWiki</b> estimates 10-15 percent of newborn boys are currently undergoing harmful, unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[child circumcision]].
+===Doctor cuts off tip of infant boy's penis===
+A woman in Regina, Saskatchewan sued a physician after the tip of her son's [[penis]] was cut off during a [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFnews
+ |title=Regina woman sues doctor after tip of son's penis cut off in circumcision
+ |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/regina-woman-sues-doctor-after-tip-of-son-s-penis-cut-off-in-circumcision-1.5251605
+ |last=Taylor
+ |first=Stephanie
+ |init=
+ |author-link=
+ |publisher=The Canadian Press
+ |website=
+ |date=2019-08-19
+ |accessdate=2026-02-26
+ |quote=The lawsuit, which has not been tested in court, alleges an intern performed the circumcision.
+}}</ref>
+===The handicaps imposed by circumcision===
+[[Dale Andersen| Dale Andersen-Ghiberti, MSW, RSW,]] (2025) has released a new work in [https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/index Critical Disability Discourses], published at [https://www.yorku.ca/ York University], Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on the lifelong handicaps imposed by [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFjournal
+ |last=Andersen-Giberson
+ |init=D
+ |author-link=Dale Andersen
+ |url=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786
+ |title=Circumcision and forced disability: Routine male neonatal circumcision and the consequences of amputation within a critical disability studies framework
+ |journal=Critical Disability Discourses
+ |date=2025-12
+ |volume=10
+ |issue=2
+ |pages=1-37
+ |URL=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016
+ |DOI=https://doi.org/10.25071/1918-6215.39786
+ |accessdate=2026-03-12
+ |quote=In a critical disability studies framework, it is argued that the act of amputating healthy erogenous tissue and the consequences of that amputation cause disability, particularly from a counter-hegemonic lens.
+ |format=PDF
+ |accessdate=2026-03-12
+}}
+</ref>
 ==Video==
@@ Line 1,123: / Line 1,192: @@
 <youtube>v=-VP9iO3sbA4&t=359s</youtube>
 {{SEEALSO}}
+* [[Dale Andersen]]
 * [[Canadian Children's Rights Council]]
 * [[Canadian Foreskin Awareness Project (CAN-FAP)]]
@@ Line 1,132: / Line 1,202: @@
 * [[College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Ontario]]
 * [[Foreskin]]
+* [[Foreskin comment]]
 * [[Jonathan A. Allan]]
 * [[Trauma]]
@@ Line 1,191: / Line 1,262: @@
   |format=
   |quote=Instead of coming down on one side of the debate, the [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] could help parents more by offering guidance that clearly spells out the potential advantages and risks of [[circumcision]], without bias or omission.
+}}
+* {{REFnews
+ |title=Regrowing my foreskin: How I’m overcoming the trauma of infant circumcision
+ |url=https://www.queensjournal.ca/story/2021-01-21/postscript/regrowing-my-foreskin/
+ |last=Anonymous
+ |first=
+ |coauthors=
+ |publisher={{UNI|Queen's University|Queen's}} Journal
+ |website=
+ |date=2021-01-21
+ |accessdate=2026-04-29
+ |quote=
 }}
 * {{REFweb
@@ Line 1,257: / Line 1,340: @@
 * {{REFweb
   |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1pustxg/growing_up_uncircumcised_in_the_80s_and_90s_in/
-  |title=Growing up uncircumcised in the 80's and 90's in Canada
+  |title=Growing up intact in the 80's and 90's in Canada
   |last=Anonymous
   |publisher=REDDIT
   |date=2025-12-24
-  |accessdate=2025-12-24
+  |accessdate=2026-01-20
 }}
 {{ABBR}}