United States of America: Difference between revisions

Early twentieth century: Add Ravitch text and citation.
Late twentieth century: Add Ravich and First Symposium.
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===Late twentieth century===
===Late twentieth century===
[[Abraham Ravich]] falsely claimed that [[circumcision]] prevents [[cervical cancer]] in women.<ref name="ravitch1951">{{Ravich1951}}</ref>


The Congress of the United States created the Medicaid program in 1965. Medicaid is a joint federal/state program that pays the medical expenses of low-income Americans. Medicaid pays for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision in most states, although it appears to be a violation of law to do so.<ref name="adler2011">{{REFjournal
The Congress of the United States created the Medicaid program in 1965. Medicaid is a joint federal/state program that pays the medical expenses of low-income Americans. Medicaid pays for medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision in most states, although it appears to be a violation of law to do so.<ref name="adler2011">{{REFjournal
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Abraham Ravich (1971) falsely claims that circumcision prevents cancer of the bladder and the rectum.<ref name="ravich1971">{{Ravich1971}}</ref>


Laumann et al. reported an incidence of newborn circumcision of 78 percent in 1971.
Laumann et al. reported an incidence of newborn circumcision of 78 percent in 1971.
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[[NOCIRC]] sponsored the [[First International Symposium]] on Circumcision which was held in Anaheim, California, USA on 1-3 March 1989.


The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]]' 1975 circumcision promotional statement<ref name="aap1975" /> was now getting long in the tooth so a newer statement was desired. The AAP appointed the late [[Edgar J. Schoen]], M.D., of Oakland, California, who had written a humorous poem about circumcision as the chairman of a new task force on circumcision. The task force had six members of whom five (83%), including Schoen, were believed to be Jewish, although Jews constitute only 1.9 percent of the population.
The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]]' 1975 circumcision promotional statement<ref name="aap1975" /> was now getting long in the tooth so a newer statement was desired. The AAP appointed the late [[Edgar J. Schoen]], M.D., of Oakland, California, who had written a humorous poem about circumcision as the chairman of a new task force on circumcision. The task force had six members of whom five (83%), including Schoen, were believed to be Jewish, although Jews constitute only 1.9 percent of the population.