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===Traumatic effect of infant circumcision===
===Traumatic effect of infant circumcision===
When an infant boy is to be [[circumcised]], it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the painful surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board specially made for that purpose. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the [[trauma]]-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable."<ref name="vanderkolk2014">{{REFbook
When an infant boy is to be [[circumcised]], it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the painful surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board, called the [[Circumstraint]], specially made for that purpose. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the [[trauma]]-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable."<ref name="vanderkolk2014">{{REFbook
  |last=van der Kolk
  |last=van der Kolk
  |first=Bessel A.
  |first=Bessel A.