Difference between revisions of "World Health Organization"
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| − | + | {{Infobox | |
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| + | | image = [[Image:WHO.jpg|175px]] | ||
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| + | | headerstyle = background:#d2d2d2; | ||
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| + | | header1 = Chief Circumcision Expert: | ||
| + | | data2 = [[David R. Tomlinson]] | ||
| + | | header3 = Related Organizations: | ||
| + | | data4 = [[UNAIDS]] | ||
| + | | belowstyle = background:#d2d2d2; | ||
| + | | below = | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) is the latest manifestation of an international health organization. It was preceeded by the Health Organisation of the League of Nations in Geneva, which held its last meeting in 1938 just prior to the outbreak of World War II. A conference of allied nations was held in San Francisco just after World War II to establish the United Nations at which time the ''Charter of the United Nations'' was drafted. The allied nations also thought that a new international health organization should be formed. The WHO Constitution came into force in 1948 and the first World Health Assembly was held in Geneva in that same year to establish priorities for the new organization.<ref> | ||
| + | {{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=McCarthy | ||
| + | |first=Michael | ||
| + | |init= | ||
| + | |author-link= | ||
| + | |etal=no | ||
| + | |title=A brief history of the World Health Organization | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |journal=Lancet | ||
| + | |location= | ||
| + | |date=2002-10-12 | ||
| + | |volume=360 | ||
| + | |issue=9340 | ||
| + | |article= | ||
| + | |page= | ||
| + | |pages=1111-2 | ||
| + | |url=https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(02)11244-X.pdf | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | |pubmedID=12387972 | ||
| + | |pubmedCID= | ||
| + | |DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11244-X. | ||
| + | |accessdate=2021-12-28 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The WHO is lead by a Director-General. The present Director-General in [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus]] who took office in April 2017. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Funding== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The WHO receives contributions from many sources, however the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] is the largest contributor at least since 2021.<ref name="mercola2021">{{REFweb | ||
| + | |url=https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/new-documentary-on-who-exposes-widespread-corruption-massive-funding-by-bill-gates/ | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |title=New documentary on WHO exposes widespread corruption, massive funding by Bill Gates | ||
| + | |last=Mercola | ||
| + | |first=Joseph | ||
| + | |publisher=LifeSite | ||
| + | |date=2021-10-04 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-01-03 | ||
| + | }}</ref> Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. reports that huge contributions from the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|Gates Foundation]] to the WHO gives [[Bill Gates]] "leverage and control over WHO's $5.6 budget and over international health policy".<ref name="kennedy2021A">{{REFbook | ||
| + | |last=Kennedy, Jr. | ||
| + | |first=Robert F. | ||
| + | |init= | ||
| + | |year=2021 | ||
| + | |title=The Real Anthony Fauci | ||
| + | |url= | ||
| + | |page=301 | ||
| + | | location=New York | ||
| + | |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing | ||
| + | |ISBN=978-I51076680-8 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2021-12-28 | ||
| + | }}</ref> [[Bill Gates]]' promotion of male [[circumcision]] is well-known, so this may explain why the WHO clings to an outmoded and discredited position on male [[circumcision]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Rejection of female circumcision == | ||
| + | |||
| + | In 1997, the WHO classified [[female genital mutilation]] into four different types. Since then, experience with using this classification revealed the need to subdivide these categories, to capture the varieties of [[FGM]] in more detail. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{NOTE}} To date (September 2023), the [[World Health Organization]] has not yet cataloged [[Genital mutilation|male genital mutilation]] ([[MGM]]), although there is also a corresponding range of types. This is why the [[WHO]] is repeatedly accused of being blind in one eye when it comes to the issue of [[genital mutilation]]. | ||
| − | [[Circumcision]] proponents use this study<ref>http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/fact_sheet/en | + | ==Advocacy of male circumcision== |
| + | |||
| + | In July 2012, the WHO published a study<ref>[http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/ Male circumcision for HIV prevention]</ref> (just in time for the just then started [[Circumcision Debate]] in Germany) which recommended to perform [[circumcision]]s as a prevention against [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]. This study supposedly promises a 60% protection against [[AIDS]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Circumcision]] proponents use this study<ref>{{REFweb | ||
| + | |url=http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/fact_sheet/en | ||
| + | |title=Voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention | ||
| + | |date=2012-07 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2020-09-04 | ||
| + | }}</ref> for justifying even [[circumcision]]s on male toddlers and infants in Germany, Europe and Northern America. But the study only referred to Africa (Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa) and only to adults. | ||
In fact, the study is scientifically vulnerable and has since been sharply criticized by experts. | In fact, the study is scientifically vulnerable and has since been sharply criticized by experts. | ||
== Guideline Development Group (GDG) == | == Guideline Development Group (GDG) == | ||
| − | In May 2018, the WHO announced to develop new guidelines on male circumcision, | + | In May 2018, the WHO announced to develop new guidelines on male circumcision, focusing on doing even more male circumcisions as a [[HIV]]/AIS prevention action.<ref>{{REFweb |
|url=https://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news/gdg-male-circumcision/en/ | |url=https://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news/gdg-male-circumcision/en/ | ||
|title=WHO to develop new guidelines on male circumcision | |title=WHO to develop new guidelines on male circumcision | ||
| Line 25: | Line 110: | ||
* [[Nelly R. Mugo|Mugo, Nelly R.]] | * [[Nelly R. Mugo|Mugo, Nelly R.]] | ||
* [[Mable M. Mweemba|Mweemba, Mable M.]] | * [[Mable M. Mweemba|Mweemba, Mable M.]] | ||
| − | * [[Ayanda Nqeketo|Nqeketo, Ayanda]] | + | * [[Ayanda Nqeketo|Nqeketo, Ayanda]] -- [[bias]]ed |
| − | * [[Onkemetse Conrad Ntsuape|Ntsuape, Onkemetse Conrad]] | + | * [[Onkemetse Conrad Ntsuape|Ntsuape, Onkemetse Conrad]] -- [[bias]]ed |
| − | * [[Elijah Odoyo-June|Odoyo-June, Elijah]] | + | * [[Elijah Odoyo-June|Odoyo-June, Elijah]] -- [[bias]]ed |
* [[Stuart M. Rennie|Rennie, Stuart M.]] | * [[Stuart M. Rennie|Rennie, Stuart M.]] | ||
| − | * [[Christopher Samkange|Samkange, Christopher]] | + | * [[Christopher Samkange|Samkange, Christopher]] -- [[bias]]ed |
| − | * [[Jerome Amir Singh|Singh, Jerome Amir]] | + | * [[Jerome Amir Singh|Singh, Jerome Amir]] -- [[bias]]ed |
| − | * [[Harsha Thirumurthy|Thirumurthy, Harsha]] | + | * [[Harsha Thirumurthy|Thirumurthy, Harsha]] -- [[bias]]ed |
| − | * [[Lynn M. Van Lith|Van Lith, Lynn M.]] | + | * [[Lynn M. Van Lith|Van Lith, Lynn M.]] -- [[bias]]ed |
* [[Helen Weiss|Weiss, Helen A.]] -- [[bias]]ed | * [[Helen Weiss|Weiss, Helen A.]] -- [[bias]]ed | ||
| − | * [[Sinokuthemba Xaba|Xaba, Sinokuthemba]] | + | * [[Sinokuthemba Xaba|Xaba, Sinokuthemba]] -- [[bias]]ed |
| + | At least 16 members of the GDG are biased in favor of circumcision, while only 7 members have unclear points of view. Chances are that they are also strongly involved in this topic and take a position in favor of circumcision. The WHO will certainly have deliberately selected and named these experts on circumcision. One can therefore accuse the WHO of bias on this topic. The [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus| Director-General]] has so far failed to address the issue of [[bias]] in the CDG. | ||
---- | ---- | ||
| − | |||
''The following sections are from [[IntactWiki]]:'' | ''The following sections are from [[IntactWiki]]:'' | ||
| − | + | The World Health Organization (2011) endorses male circumcision as an [[HIV]] prevention method based on the three RCTs in Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda.<ref>{{REFweb | |
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| − | The World Health Organization endorses male circumcision as an HIV prevention method based on the three RCTs in Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
|last= | |last= | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
| Line 75: | Line 141: | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
|Title=WHO Endorses Circumcision as HIV Prevention | |Title=WHO Endorses Circumcision as HIV Prevention | ||
| − | |Text=...male circumcision should be considered an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention in countries and regions with heterosexual epidemics, high HIV and low male circumcision prevalence. | + | |Text=...male circumcision should be considered an efficacious intervention for [[HIV]] prevention in countries and regions with heterosexual epidemics, high [[HIV]] and low male circumcision prevalence. |
|Author= | |Author= | ||
| − | |Source=[[ | + | |Source=[[World Health Organization]] |
| − | |ref=<ref> | + | |ref=<ref name="WHO2011">{{REFweb |
| + | |url=http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/ | ||
| + | |publisher=World Health Organization | ||
| + | |title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention | ||
| + | |date=2011 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | On their | + | On their website<ref name="WHO2011"/>, they acknowledge that, even if the latest "studies" were correct, "[m]ale circumcision provides only partial protection," and that it should be part of a "comprehensive [[HIV]] prevention package" that includes [[HIV]] testing and counseling services, treatment for STD infections, the promotion of safer sex practices and the provision of condoms and the promotion of their correct and consistent use. |
| − | + | {{NOTE}} Even if the recent trials were accurate (and their credibility is highly questionable), circumcision could only reduce the relative risk of acquiring [[HIV]] between circumcised and [[uncircumcised]] men by 60% over a period of about one year.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> Condoms have an absolute reduction risk of acquiring [[HIV]] that's over 95% (closer to 100% when used properly), making circumcision a moot point. | |
| − | == Chief | + | == Chief expert on infant circumcision == |
| − | [[David R. Tomlinson]] is the inventor of the [[AccuCirc]] device.<ref>{{REFnews | + | [[David R. Tomlinson]] (2008) is the inventor of the [[AccuCirc]] device for infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFnews |
|last=Katz | |last=Katz | ||
|first=Paula S. | |first=Paula S. | ||
| Line 96: | Line 167: | ||
|quote=...an invention: a circumcision tool to help prevent HIV that has recently been cleared by the FDA. | |quote=...an invention: a circumcision tool to help prevent HIV that has recently been cleared by the FDA. | ||
|accessdate=2011-09-26 | |accessdate=2011-09-26 | ||
| − | }}</ref> He also | + | }}</ref> He also wrote a manual on infant circumcision (2011) for the World Health Organization.<ref>{{REFnews |
|last=Hennessy-Fiske | |last=Hennessy-Fiske | ||
|first=Molly | |first=Molly | ||
| Line 103: | Line 174: | ||
|date=2011-09-26 | |date=2011-09-26 | ||
|publisher=Los Angeles Times | |publisher=Los Angeles Times | ||
| − | |quote=Dr. David Tomlinson, who teaches family medicine at Brown University in Providence, | + | |quote=Dr. David Tomlinson, who teaches family medicine at {{UNI|Brown University|Brown}} in Providence, {{USSC|RI}}, wrote a manual on infant circumcision for the World Health Organization. |
|accessdate=2011-09-25 | |accessdate=2011-09-25 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| Line 109: | Line 180: | ||
== Initiatives Since 2006 == | == Initiatives Since 2006 == | ||
| − | The Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), together with the WHO Department of HIV/AIDS and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS ([[UNAIDS]]), launched a number of new initiatives in 2006–2007.<ref name="for control">{{REFweb | + | The Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), together with the WHO Department of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] and the Joint United Nations Programme on [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] ([[UNAIDS]]), launched a number of new initiatives in 2006–2007.<ref name="for control">{{REFweb |
|last= | |last= | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
| Line 121: | Line 192: | ||
=== Circumcision Manual === | === Circumcision Manual === | ||
| − | + | Infant boys are born with a healthy penis and foreskin. Treatment is not required. Infant boys do not engage in sexual intercourse so they cannot contract [[HIV]] infection by sexual intercourse. Infant boys cannot grant consent for this irreversible body altering surgery which violate several significant United Nations [[human rights]] instruments. | |
| + | |||
| + | Nevertheless, in partnership with other WHO departments, UNAIDS, and the Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO), the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR) has developed a Manual for male infant circumcision under local anaesthesia.<ref>{{REFbook | ||
|last=[[World Health Organization]] | |last=[[World Health Organization]] | ||
|last2=JHPIEGO | |last2=JHPIEGO | ||
| Line 137: | Line 210: | ||
|note= | |note= | ||
|accessdate=2011-06-01 | |accessdate=2011-06-01 | ||
| − | }}</ref><ref name="for control"/> The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated circumcision, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery. | + | }}</ref><ref name="for control"/> JHPIEGO addresses ''female'' gynecological health and is out of its field in addressing ''male'' health. |
| + | |||
| + | The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated circumcision, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery. | ||
| + | |||
| + | As justification for circumcision, the Manual alleges that circumcision would reduce the incidence of [[urinary tract infection]] (UTI) in the first six months of life, however this is not a valid justification because UTI, if it should occur, is easily treated medically instead of with body-altering surgery.<ref name="McCracken 1989">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=McCracken | ||
| + | |init=GH | ||
| + | |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/mccracken/ | ||
| + | |title=Options in antimicrobial management of urinary tract infections in infants and children | ||
| + | |journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | ||
| + | |volume=8 | ||
| + | |issue=8 | ||
| + | |date=1989-08 | ||
| + | |pages=552-5 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Moreover, the foreskin protects the penis from infection, so the [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] makes UTI more likely. In infant boys, UTIs originate from the external environment, strongly suggesting that these infections are iatrogenically caused.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Maskell | ||
| + | |init=R | ||
| + | |etal=yes | ||
| + | |title=Urinary Pathogens in the Male | ||
| + | |journal=British Journal of Urology | ||
| + | |date=1975 | ||
| + | |volume=47 | ||
| + | }}</ref> Two interventions that put the male infant at immediate risk for UTIs are [[circumcision]], and [[forced retraction]] of the foreskin. These interventions tear away the synechia which binds the foreskin to the glans in male infants, thereby creating entry points for ''E. coli'' bacteria,<ref name="Winberg 1989">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Winberg | ||
| + | |init=J | ||
| + | |etal=yes | ||
| + | |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/winberg-bollgren/ | ||
| + | |title=The Prepuce: A Mistake of Nature? | ||
| + | |journal=Lancet | ||
| + | |date=1989 | ||
| + | |pages=598-9 | ||
| + | }}</ref> which binds to the glans penis of the infant.<ref name="Cunningham 1986">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Cunningham | ||
| + | |init=N | ||
| + | |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/cunningham/ | ||
| + | |title=Circumcision and urinary tract infections (letter) | ||
| + | |journal=Pediatrics | ||
| + | |date=1986 | ||
| + | |volume=77 | ||
| + | |issue=2 | ||
| + | |page=267 | ||
| + | }}</ref> Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a complication of circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Smith | ||
| + | |init=RM | ||
| + | |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/smith1916/ | ||
| + | |title=Recent contributions to the study of pyelitis in infancy | ||
| + | |journal=Am J Dis Child | ||
| + | |date=1916 | ||
| + | |volume=XII | ||
| + | |pages=235-43 | ||
| + | }}</ref><ref name="Cohen 1992">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Cohen | ||
| + | |init=H | ||
| + | |etal=yes | ||
| + | |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/cohen/ | ||
| + | |title=Postcircumcision Urinary Tract Infection | ||
| + | |journal=Clinical Pediatrics | ||
| + | |date=1992 | ||
| + | |pages=322-4 | ||
| + | }}</ref><ref name="Goldman 1996">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Goldman | ||
| + | |init=M | ||
| + | |last2=Barr | ||
| + | |init2=J | ||
| + | |last3=Bistritzer | ||
| + | |init3=T | ||
| + | |last4=Aladjem | ||
| + | |init4=M | ||
| + | |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/goldman/ | ||
| + | |title=Urinary tract infection following ritual jewish circumcision | ||
| + | |journal=Israel Journal of Medical Sciences | ||
| + | |date=1996 | ||
| + | |volume=32 | ||
| + | |issue=11 | ||
| + | |pages=1098-102 | ||
| + | }}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Prais | ||
| + | |init=D | ||
| + | |last2=Shoov-Furman | ||
| + | |init2=R | ||
| + | |last3=Amir | ||
| + | |init3=J | ||
| + | |title=Is circumcision a risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infections? | ||
| + | |journal=Arch Dis Child | ||
| + | |date=2008-10-06 | ||
| + | |DOI=10.1136/adc.2008.144063 | ||
| + | |url=http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc.2008.144063v1 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The [[VMMC Experience Project]] (2019) has published a massive, illustrated, 153-page report on VMMC in Africa for the United Nations.<ref name="fish2019">{{REFdocument | ||
| + | |title=Circumcision Campaigns: African experience and human rights: The U.N. Report | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |url=https://www.vmmcproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/VMMC-UN-Report.pdf | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |contribution= | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | |trans-quote= | ||
| + | |quote-lang= | ||
| + | |last=Fish | ||
| + | |first=Max | ||
| + | |author-link=Max Fish | ||
| + | |publisher=VMMC Experience Project | ||
| + | |location= | ||
| + | |format=PDF | ||
| + | |date=2019-05-07 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2021-05-15 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In a letter to Ambassador Deborah L. Birx, {{MD}}, (2020) the head of the United States [[PEPFAR]] program, [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] called circumcision ineffective and called for [[PEPFAR]] to abandon the WHO VMMC program and redirect its funds to anti-retroviral therapy and the provision of condomʂ<ref>{{REFdocument | ||
| + | |title=World Health Organization, HIV, and male circumcision | ||
| + | |url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/2020-06-15b_LettertoPEPFAR.pdf | ||
| + | |contribution= | ||
| + | |last=Denniston | ||
| + | |first=George C. | ||
| + | |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] | ||
| + | |format= | ||
| + | |date=2020-06-29 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2020-09-04 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Promotion of infant circumcision by publishing a manual has the effect of increasing demand for circumcision devices such as those manufactured by [[David R. Tomlinson]]. | ||
=== Assessment ''Toolkit'' === | === Assessment ''Toolkit'' === | ||
RHR is also supporting the development of a toolkit that will allow countries to assess their preparedness for introducing or expanding male circumcision services. RHR contributed to a number of other documents dealing with various aspects of male circumcision, including a review of global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability, and a guide to enhancing the quality of male circumcision services. | RHR is also supporting the development of a toolkit that will allow countries to assess their preparedness for introducing or expanding male circumcision services. RHR contributed to a number of other documents dealing with various aspects of male circumcision, including a review of global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability, and a guide to enhancing the quality of male circumcision services. | ||
| + | ==Polio scandal== | ||
| + | Kennedy (2021) reports that [[Bill Gates]] and [[Anthony Fauci]] met in 2000, after which Gates started a "global polio vaccine campaign" with $450 million. The polio campaign was promoted by UNICEF and WHO.<ref name="kennedy2021B">{{REFbook | ||
| + | |last=Kennedy, Jr. | ||
| + | |first=Robert F. | ||
| + | |init= | ||
| + | |year=2021 | ||
| + | |title=The Real Anthony Fauci | ||
| + | |url= | ||
| + | |page=340 | ||
| + | |location=New York | ||
| + | |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing | ||
| + | |ISBN=978-I51076680-8 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2021-12-29 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In a further indication of World Health Organization malfeasance, ZeroHedge reports that polio vaccine provided by the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] in a WHO sponsored polio vaccination scheme actually causes polio. Sudan, Chad, and Cameroon are reporting outbreaks of polio from Gates vaccine supplied through the WHO initiative.<ref name="durden2020">{{REFnews | ||
| + | |title=UN Forced To Admit Gates-Funded Vaccine Is Causing Polio Outbreak In Africa | ||
| + | |url=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/un-forced-admit-gates-funded-vaccine-causing-polio-outbreak-africa | ||
| + | |last=Durden | ||
| + | |first=Tyler | ||
| + | |coauthors= | ||
| + | |publisher=ZeroHedge | ||
| + | |website= | ||
| + | |date=2020-09-04 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2020-09-06 | ||
| + | |quote=While international organisations like the World Health Organization (WHO) will regular boast about supposedly ‘eradicating polio’ with vaccines, the opposite seems to be the case. Their decades-long campaign to eradicate polio is now killing scores of innocent young people living in poor countries. | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | ==Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection== | ||
| + | === Population-based studies === | ||
| + | {{Population-based studies}} | ||
| + | ===Two African surveys=== | ||
| + | The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa. | ||
| + | |||
| + | French scientist [[Michel Garenne]], Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported: | ||
| + | <blockquote> | ||
| + | In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.<ref name="garenne2022A">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Garenne | ||
| + | |first=Michel | ||
| + | |init=M | ||
| + | |author-link=Michel Garenne | ||
| + | |title=Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho | ||
| + | |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35373731/ | ||
| + | |date=2022-04-04 | ||
| + | |journal=J Biosoc Sci | ||
| + | |volume=online ahead of print | ||
| + | |pages=1-16 | ||
| + | |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000153 | ||
| + | |pubmedID=35373731 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-11-09 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | </blockquote> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported: | ||
| + | <blockquote> | ||
| + | "Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men had similar levels of HIV infection."<ref name="garenne2022B">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Garenne | ||
| + | |first=Michael | ||
| + | |init=M | ||
| + | |author-link= | ||
| + | |etal=no | ||
| + | |title=Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |journal=J Biosoc Sci | ||
| + | |location= | ||
| + | |date=2022-10-26 | ||
| + | |season= | ||
| + | |volume= | ||
| + | |issue= | ||
| + | |article= | ||
| + | |page= | ||
| + | |pages=1-13 | ||
| + | |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/ageincidence-and-prevalence-of-hiv-among-intact-and-circumcised-men-an-analysis-of-phia-surveys-in-southern-africa/CAA7E7BD5A9844F41C6B7CC3573B9E50 | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | |pubmedID=36286328 | ||
| + | |pubmedCID= | ||
| + | |DOI=10.1017/S0021932022000414 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-11-09 | ||
| + | }}</ref></blockquote> | ||
{{SEEALSO}} | {{SEEALSO}} | ||
| − | * [ | + | * [[Circumcision and HIV]] |
* [[David R. Tomlinson]] -- AccuCirc Inventor. "Chief circumcision expert" at the W.H.O. | * [[David R. Tomlinson]] -- AccuCirc Inventor. "Chief circumcision expert" at the W.H.O. | ||
* [[AccuCirc]] -- Circumcision device, invented by the "chief circumcision expert" at the W.H.O. | * [[AccuCirc]] -- Circumcision device, invented by the "chief circumcision expert" at the W.H.O. | ||
* [[UNAIDS]] -- Related to the W.H.O. | * [[UNAIDS]] -- Related to the W.H.O. | ||
| + | * [[VMMC Experience Project]] | ||
| − | == CircWatch == | + | == [[CircWatch]] == |
* [http://circwatch.org/tag/who/ Post about the World Health Organization on CircWatch] | * [http://circwatch.org/tag/who/ Post about the World Health Organization on CircWatch] | ||
| + | {{LINKS}} | ||
| + | * {{REFweb | ||
| + | |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/ | ||
| + | |archived= | ||
| + | |title=HIV/AIDS | ||
| + | |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] | ||
| + | |date=2020 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2020-07-16 | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | * {{REFweb | ||
| + | |url=https://dailycaller.com/2016/05/31/fraud-corruption-harassment-charges-rise-inside-world-health-organization/ | ||
| + | |title=Fraud, Corruption, Harassment Charges Rise Inside World Health Organization | ||
| + | |last=Johnson | ||
| + | |first=Drew | ||
| + | |init= | ||
| + | |publisher=Daily Caller | ||
| + | |date=2016-12-31 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-12-26 | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | * {{REFweb | ||
| + | |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2017/06/world-health-organization-corrupt-wasteful/ | ||
| + | |title=Stop Funding WHO Until It Cleans Up Its Act | ||
| + | |last=Stier | ||
| + | |first=Jeff | ||
| + | |init= | ||
| + | |publisher=National Review | ||
| + | |date=2017-06-14 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-12-26 | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | *{{REFweb | ||
| + | |url=https://brownstone.org/articles/the-corruption-of-the-world-health-organization/ | ||
| + | |title=The Corruption of the World Health Organization | ||
| + | |last=Bell | ||
| + | |first=David | ||
| + | |init= | ||
| + | |publisher=Brownstone Institute | ||
| + | |date=2022-05-27 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-12-26 | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | *{{REFweb | ||
| + | |url=https://nworeport.me/2022/08/02/the-corruption-of-the-world-health-organization-who/ | ||
| + | |title=The Corruption of the World Health Organization (WHO) | ||
| + | |last=Toplansky | ||
| + | |first=Eileen F. | ||
| + | |init= | ||
| + | |publisher=NWO Report | ||
| + | |date=2022-08-02 | ||
| + | |accessdate=2022-12-26 | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ABBR}} | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Organization]] |
[[Category:Circumcision in Africa]] | [[Category:Circumcision in Africa]] | ||
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[[Category:From IntactWiki]] | [[Category:From IntactWiki]] | ||
| − | [[de: | + | [[de:Weltgesundheitsorganisation]] |
| − | |||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 14:15, 29 December 2023
 | |
| Chief Circumcision Expert: | |
|---|---|
| David R. Tomlinson | |
| Related Organizations: | |
| UNAIDS |
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the latest manifestation of an international health organization. It was preceeded by the Health Organisation of the League of Nations in Geneva, which held its last meeting in 1938 just prior to the outbreak of World War II. A conference of allied nations was held in San Francisco just after World War II to establish the United Nations at which time the Charter of the United Nations was drafted. The allied nations also thought that a new international health organization should be formed. The WHO Constitution came into force in 1948 and the first World Health Assembly was held in Geneva in that same year to establish priorities for the new organization.[1]
The WHO is lead by a Director-General. The present Director-General in Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus who took office in April 2017.
Contents
- 1 Funding
- 2 Rejection of female circumcision
- 3 Advocacy of male circumcision
- 4 Guideline Development Group (GDG)
- 5 Chief expert on infant circumcision
- 6 Initiatives Since 2006
- 7 Polio scandal
- 8 Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection
- 9 See also
- 10 CircWatch
- 11 External links
- 12 Abbreviations
- 13 References
Funding
The WHO receives contributions from many sources, however the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the largest contributor at least since 2021.[2] Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. reports that huge contributions from the Gates Foundation to the WHO gives Bill Gates "leverage and control over WHO's $5.6 budget and over international health policy".[3] Bill Gates' promotion of male circumcision is well-known, so this may explain why the WHO clings to an outmoded and discredited position on male circumcision.
Rejection of female circumcision
In 1997, the WHO classified female genital mutilation into four different types. Since then, experience with using this classification revealed the need to subdivide these categories, to capture the varieties of FGM in more detail.
Note: To date (September 2023), the World Health Organization has not yet cataloged male genital mutilation (MGM), although there is also a corresponding range of types. This is why the WHO is repeatedly accused of being blind in one eye when it comes to the issue of genital mutilation.
Advocacy of male circumcision
In July 2012, the WHO published a study[4] (just in time for the just then started Circumcision Debate in Germany) which recommended to perform circumcisions as a prevention against HIV/AIDS. This study supposedly promises a 60% protection against AIDS.
Circumcision proponents use this study[5] for justifying even circumcisions on male toddlers and infants in Germany, Europe and Northern America. But the study only referred to Africa (Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa) and only to adults.
In fact, the study is scientifically vulnerable and has since been sharply criticized by experts.
Guideline Development Group (GDG)
In May 2018, the WHO announced to develop new guidelines on male circumcision, focusing on doing even more male circumcisions as a HIV/AIS prevention action.[6] They named the following GDG members:
- Brogan, Catherine
- Come, Jotamo José
- Galukande, Moses -- biased
- Goldstein, Susan S.J. -- biased
- Hargreave, Timothy B. -- biased
- Hesse, Afua A.J. -- biased
- Karma, Constant -- biased
- Kigozi, Godfrey -- biased
- Kumvenji, Steve C. -- biased
- Maier, Michael
- Moyo, Gustav
- Mugo, Nelly R.
- Mweemba, Mable M.
- Nqeketo, Ayanda -- biased
- Ntsuape, Onkemetse Conrad -- biased
- Odoyo-June, Elijah -- biased
- Rennie, Stuart M.
- Samkange, Christopher -- biased
- Singh, Jerome Amir -- biased
- Thirumurthy, Harsha -- biased
- Van Lith, Lynn M. -- biased
- Weiss, Helen A. -- biased
- Xaba, Sinokuthemba -- biased
At least 16 members of the GDG are biased in favor of circumcision, while only 7 members have unclear points of view. Chances are that they are also strongly involved in this topic and take a position in favor of circumcision. The WHO will certainly have deliberately selected and named these experts on circumcision. One can therefore accuse the WHO of bias on this topic. The Director-General has so far failed to address the issue of bias in the CDG.
The following sections are from IntactWiki:
The World Health Organization (2011) endorses male circumcision as an HIV prevention method based on the three RCTs in Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda.[7]
| “ | WHO Endorses Circumcision as HIV Prevention ...male circumcision should be considered an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention in countries and regions with heterosexual epidemics, high HIV and low male circumcision prevalence. (World Health Organization)[8] |
On their website[8], they acknowledge that, even if the latest "studies" were correct, "[m]ale circumcision provides only partial protection," and that it should be part of a "comprehensive HIV prevention package" that includes HIV testing and counseling services, treatment for STD infections, the promotion of safer sex practices and the provision of condoms and the promotion of their correct and consistent use.
Note: Even if the recent trials were accurate (and their credibility is highly questionable), circumcision could only reduce the relative risk of acquiring HIV between circumcised and uncircumcised men by 60% over a period of about one year.[9] Condoms have an absolute reduction risk of acquiring HIV that's over 95% (closer to 100% when used properly), making circumcision a moot point.
Chief expert on infant circumcision
David R. Tomlinson (2008) is the inventor of the AccuCirc device for infant circumcision.[10] He also wrote a manual on infant circumcision (2011) for the World Health Organization.[11]
Initiatives Since 2006
The Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), together with the WHO Department of HIV/AIDS and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), launched a number of new initiatives in 2006–2007.[12]
Circumcision Manual
Infant boys are born with a healthy penis and foreskin. Treatment is not required. Infant boys do not engage in sexual intercourse so they cannot contract HIV infection by sexual intercourse. Infant boys cannot grant consent for this irreversible body altering surgery which violate several significant United Nations human rights instruments.
Nevertheless, in partnership with other WHO departments, UNAIDS, and the Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO), the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR) has developed a Manual for male infant circumcision under local anaesthesia.[13][12] JHPIEGO addresses female gynecological health and is out of its field in addressing male health.
The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated circumcision, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery.
As justification for circumcision, the Manual alleges that circumcision would reduce the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the first six months of life, however this is not a valid justification because UTI, if it should occur, is easily treated medically instead of with body-altering surgery.[14]
Moreover, the foreskin protects the penis from infection, so the amputation of the foreskin makes UTI more likely. In infant boys, UTIs originate from the external environment, strongly suggesting that these infections are iatrogenically caused.[15] Two interventions that put the male infant at immediate risk for UTIs are circumcision, and forced retraction of the foreskin. These interventions tear away the synechia which binds the foreskin to the glans in male infants, thereby creating entry points for E. coli bacteria,[16] which binds to the glans penis of the infant.[17] Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a complication of circumcision.[18][19][20][21]
The VMMC Experience Project (2019) has published a massive, illustrated, 153-page report on VMMC in Africa for the United Nations.[22]
In a letter to Ambassador Deborah L. Birx, M.D.[a 1], (2020) the head of the United States PEPFAR program, Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.) called circumcision ineffective and called for PEPFAR to abandon the WHO VMMC program and redirect its funds to anti-retroviral therapy and the provision of condomʂ[23]
Promotion of infant circumcision by publishing a manual has the effect of increasing demand for circumcision devices such as those manufactured by David R. Tomlinson.
Assessment Toolkit
RHR is also supporting the development of a toolkit that will allow countries to assess their preparedness for introducing or expanding male circumcision services. RHR contributed to a number of other documents dealing with various aspects of male circumcision, including a review of global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability, and a guide to enhancing the quality of male circumcision services.
Polio scandal
Kennedy (2021) reports that Bill Gates and Anthony Fauci met in 2000, after which Gates started a "global polio vaccine campaign" with $450 million. The polio campaign was promoted by UNICEF and WHO.[24]
In a further indication of World Health Organization malfeasance, ZeroHedge reports that polio vaccine provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in a WHO sponsored polio vaccination scheme actually causes polio. Sudan, Chad, and Cameroon are reporting outbreaks of polio from Gates vaccine supplied through the WHO initiative.[25]
Circumcision does not prevent HIV infection
Population-based studies
September 2021 saw the publication of two huge population studies on the relationship of circumcision and HIV infection:
- Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, Canada (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of HIV infection.[26]
- Morten Frisch & Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in Denmark of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and HIV infection overall than intact men.[27]
No association between lack of circumcision and risk of HIV infection was found by either study. There now is credible evidence that the massive, expensive African circumcision programs have not been effective in preventing HIV infection.
Two African surveys
The previously reported studies were from developed Western nations. Now we have information from Sub_Saharan Africa.
French scientist Michel Garenne, Ph.D. has published two reports in 2022 comparing the incidence of HIV infection in circumcised and intact men.
In his first report, Garenne presented the findings from a study in Lesotho, the enclave in South Africa. He reported:
In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.[28]
In his second report, Garenne (2022) presented information from six Sub-Saharan African nations (Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe). He reported:
"Results matched earlier observations made in South Africa that circumcised and intact men had similar levels of HIV infection."[29]
See also
- Circumcision and HIV
- David R. Tomlinson -- AccuCirc Inventor. "Chief circumcision expert" at the W.H.O.
- AccuCirc -- Circumcision device, invented by the "chief circumcision expert" at the W.H.O.
- UNAIDS -- Related to the W.H.O.
- VMMC Experience Project
CircWatch
External links
(2020). HIV/AIDS
, Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.). Retrieved 16 July 2020.- Johnson, Drew (31 December 2016).
Fraud, Corruption, Harassment Charges Rise Inside World Health Organization
, Daily Caller. Retrieved 26 December 2022. - Stier, Jeff (14 June 2017).
Stop Funding WHO Until It Cleans Up Its Act
, National Review. Retrieved 26 December 2022. - Bell, David (27 May 2022).
The Corruption of the World Health Organization
, Brownstone Institute. Retrieved 26 December 2022. - Toplansky, Eileen F. (2 August 2022).
The Corruption of the World Health Organization (WHO)
, NWO Report. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
Abbreviations
- ↑
Doctor of Medicine
, Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2021. In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some Commonwealth countries, the abbreviation MD is common.
References
- ↑
McCarthy, Michael. A brief history of the World Health Organization. Lancet. 12 October 2002; 360(9340): 1111-2. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ↑ Mercola, Joseph (4 October 2021).
New documentary on WHO exposes widespread corruption, massive funding by Bill Gates
, LifeSite. Retrieved 3 January 2022. - ↑
Kennedy, Jr., Robert F. (2021): The Real Anthony Fauci. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. P. 301. ISBN 978-I51076680-8. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ↑ Male circumcision for HIV prevention
- ↑ (July 2012).
Voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention
. Retrieved 4 September 2020. - ↑ (May 2018).
WHO to develop new guidelines on male circumcision
. Retrieved 26 March 2020. - ↑ (2011).
Male circumcision for HIV prevention
, World Health Organization. Retrieved 6 May 2011. - ↑ a b (2011).
Male circumcision for HIV prevention
, World Health Organization. - ↑ Boyle GJ, Hill G. Sub-Saharan African randomised clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: Methodological, ethical and legal concerns
. Thompson Reuter. December 2011; 19(2): 316-34. PMID. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ↑
Katz, Paula S. (September 2008)."Night work without burnout", Today's Hospitalist. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
Quote:...an invention: a circumcision tool to help prevent HIV that has recently been cleared by the FDA.
- ↑ Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (26 September 2011)."Injuries linked to circumcision clamps", Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
Quote:Dr. David Tomlinson, who teaches family medicine at Brown University in Providence, RI, wrote a manual on infant circumcision for the World Health Organization.
- ↑ a b (2011).
Male circumcision for HIV control
, World Health Organization. Retrieved 6 May 2011. - ↑ World Health Organization, JHPIEGO (2010): Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Document Production Services. ISBN 9789241500753. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ↑ McCracken GH. Options in antimicrobial management of urinary tract infections in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. August 1989; 8(8): 552-5.
- ↑ Maskell R, et al. Urinary Pathogens in the Male. British Journal of Urology. 1975; 47
- ↑ Winberg J, et al. The Prepuce: A Mistake of Nature?. Lancet. 1989; : 598-9.
- ↑ Cunningham N. Circumcision and urinary tract infections (letter). Pediatrics. 1986; 77(2): 267.
- ↑ Smith RM. Recent contributions to the study of pyelitis in infancy. Am J Dis Child. 1916; XII: 235-43.
- ↑ Cohen H, et al. Postcircumcision Urinary Tract Infection. Clinical Pediatrics. 1992; : 322-4.
- ↑ Goldman M, Barr J, Bistritzer T, Aladjem M. Urinary tract infection following ritual jewish circumcision. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. 1996; 32(11): 1098-102.
- ↑ Prais D, Shoov-Furman R, Amir J. Is circumcision a risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infections?. Arch Dis Child. 6 October 2008; DOI.
- ↑
Fish, Max: Circumcision Campaigns: African experience and human rights: The U.N. Report , VMMC Experience Project. (7 May 2019). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ Denniston, George C.: World Health Organization, HIV, and male circumcision, Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.). (29 June 2020). Retrieved 4 September 2020.
- ↑ Kennedy, Jr., Robert F. (2021): The Real Anthony Fauci. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. P. 340. ISBN 978-I51076680-8. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ↑ Durden, Tyler (4 September 2020)."UN Forced To Admit Gates-Funded Vaccine Is Causing Polio Outbreak In Africa", ZeroHedge. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
Quote:While international organisations like the World Health Organization (WHO) will regular boast about supposedly ‘eradicating polio’ with vaccines, the opposite seems to be the case. Their decades-long campaign to eradicate polio is now killing scores of innocent young people living in poor countries.
- ↑ Mayan M, Hamilton RJ, Juurlink DN, Austin PC, Jarvi KA. Circumcision and Risk of HIV Among Males From Ontario, Canada. J Urol. 23 September 2021; PMID. DOI. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
Quote:We found that circumcision was not independently associated with the risk of acquiring HIV among men from Ontario, Canada.
- ↑ Frisch M, Simonsen J. Non-therapeutic male circumcision in infancy or childhood and risk of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections: national cohort study in Denmark. Eur J Epidemiol. 26 September 2021; 37: 251–9. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ↑ Garenne M. Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho. J Biosoc Sci. 4 April 2022; online ahead of print: 1-16. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ↑ Garenne M. Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa. J Biosoc Sci. 26 October 2022; : 1-13. PMID. DOI. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
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