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[[File:Flag_of_Canada.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of Canada]]
[[File:Flag_of_Canada.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of Canada]]
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a federal state,a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy.<ref>{{REFdocument
'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy.<ref>{{REFdocument
  |title=Discover Canada
  |title=Discover Canada
  |url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/ircc/migration/ircc/english/pdf/pub/discover.pdf
  |url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/ircc/migration/ircc/english/pdf/pub/discover.pdf
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The practice of harmful, [[pain| painful]] medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] is concentrated among the English-speaking population and is a declining practice.
The practice of harmful, [[pain| painful]] medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] is concentrated among the English-speaking population and is a declining practice.


The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favour circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the native culture of indigenous Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population). The Canadian Government established Residential Schools from about 1880 to assimilate the indigneous people into Euro-Canadian culture.<ref name="residential2021">{{REFweb
The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favour circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the native culture of indigenous Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population).  
 
The Canadian Government established Residential Schools from about 1880 to assimilate the indigneous people into Euro-Canadian culture.<ref name="residential2021">{{REFweb
  |title=Residential Schools in Canada
  |title=Residential Schools in Canada
  |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools
  |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools
Line 250: Line 252:
  |quote=
  |quote=
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
There was one doctor in P.E.I. who performed non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys and made the incidence of circumcision the highest in Canada. He has now retired, so circumcision is not currently available in P.E.I.


== Position statements of medical societies ==
== Position statements of medical societies ==
Line 654: Line 658:


==Canada and circumcision in the 21st century==
==Canada and circumcision in the 21st century==
===The incidence of circumcision varies widely by region===
The incidence of non-therapeutic child circumcision Labrador and Newfoundland is reported to be close to zero while Saskatchewan had an incidence of circumcision in 2000 and 2001 of 27.6 percent. The Saskatchewan College of Physicians and Surgeons said in 2002 that was much too high and should be reduced substantially. The Registrar, Dr. Dennis Kimble, said, "they [doctors] aren't required to carry out a procedure simply because parents want it done."<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Sask. college wants circumcision rates reduced
|url=http://www.cirp.org/news/medicalpost03-18-02/
|last=Driver
|first=Deana
|coauthors=
|publisher=Medical Post
|website=
|date=2002-03-19
|accessdate=2021-07-22
|quote=
}}</ref>


Jackie Smith (2002) discussed the growing consensus against non-therapeutic child circumcision, which she called an "anachronism".<ref name="smith2002">{{REFnews
Jackie Smith (2002) discussed the growing consensus against non-therapeutic child circumcision, which she called an "anachronism".<ref name="smith2002">{{REFnews
Line 665: Line 682:
  |date=2002-08-30
  |date=2002-08-30
  |accessdate=2019-10-27
  |accessdate=2019-10-27
|quote=
}}</ref>
===Third-party payment is not available===
There is a long-standing general consensus for at least a half-century that there are no medical indications for [[circumcision]] in the newborn period.<ref name="cps1975" /> <ref name="cps1996" />
At the beginning of the 21st Century, only the Manitoba Health Insurance Plan (HIP) still paid for non-therapeutic circumcision, however Manitoba HIP ended payment in 2006.<ref name="skeldon2008" /> No insurance coverage of non-therapeutic circumcision is currently available in Manitoba,<ref name="dm2024">{{REFweb
|url=https://doctorsmanitoba.ca/managing-your-practice/remuneration/billing-fees/surgery/neonatal-circumcision
|title=Neonatal Circumcision
|publisher=Doctors Manitoba
|date=2024-07-16
|accessdate=2024-11-26
}}</ref> and this is also true throughout Canada.<ref name="allan2024">{{REFbook
|last=Allan
|first=
|init=JA
|author-link=Jonathan A. Allan
|year=2024
|title=Uncut: A Cultural Analysis of the Foreskin
|url=https://uofrpress.ca/Books/U/Uncut
|chapter=Chapter 2: Circumcision Indecision
|pages=88-9
|location=Regina
|publisher=University of Regina Press
|ISBN= 978-1779400307
|accessdate=2024-10-06
}}</ref> Only "medically indicated" circumcisions (which are very rare) are covered.<ref name="dm2024" />
===The incidence of circumcision varies widely by region===
The incidence of non-therapeutic child circumcision Labrador and Newfoundland is reported to be close to zero while Saskatchewan had an incidence of circumcision in 2000 and 2001 of 27.6 percent. The Saskatchewan College of Physicians and Surgeons said in 2002 that was much too high and should be reduced substantially. The Registrar, Dr. Dennis Kimble, said, "they [doctors] aren't required to carry out a procedure simply because parents want it done."<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Sask. college wants circumcision rates reduced
|url=http://www.cirp.org/news/medicalpost03-18-02/
|last=Driver
|first=Deana
|coauthors=
|publisher=Medical Post
|website=
|date=2002-03-19
|accessdate=2021-07-22
  |quote=
  |quote=
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
====The historic survey by the Public Health Agency of Canada is now well out of date and cannot be relied on for current information.====
<b>The historic survey by the Public Health Agency of Canada is now well out-of-date and cannot be relied on for current information.</b>


In all provinces and territories, only a minority of boys are being [[circumcised]]. Sheldon (2008) reported an incidence of 13.9 percent.<ref name="skeldon2008"/> The incidence of circumcision in Labrador and Newfoundland is reported to be close to zero.<ref>{{REFweb
Sheldon (2008) reported an incidence of 13.9 percent.<ref name="skeldon2008"/> The incidence of circumcision in Labrador and Newfoundland is reported to be close to zero.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://momlovesbest.com/choosing-circumcision
  |url=https://momlovesbest.com/choosing-circumcision
  |title=Circumcision: Pros and Cons
  |title=Circumcision: Pros and Cons
Line 738: Line 716:
  |quote=Labrador and Newfoundland have close to zero.
  |quote=Labrador and Newfoundland have close to zero.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
===Survey of the prepuce and circumcision in Canada===
Abara (2017) surveyed the prepuce and circumcision in Canada. He reported "most Canadian newborn males are likely to live out their lives with an intact prepuce." He had nothing to say about the sexual and psychological burdens posed by circumcision. In all provinces and territories, only a minority of boys are being [[circumcised]].<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Abara
|first=
|init=EO
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Prepuce health and childhood circumcision: Choices in Canada
|trans-title=
|journal= Can Urol Assoc J
|location=
|date=2017-01
|volume=11(1-2Suppl1)
|pages=S55-S62
|url=https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/4447
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=2826532
|pubmedCID=5332238
|DOI=10.5489/cuaj.4447
|accessdate=2025-12-28
}}</ref>


[[Circumcised]] males are found mostly in older age groups.
[[Circumcised]] males are found mostly in older age groups.


The incidence of child circumcision in Canada varies by province, but the overall incidence is believed to be one-half or less than that of the [[United States]] where the [[United_States_of_America#Incidence_of_circumcision| incidence of cirumcision]] also is declining. It is now estimated that less than 20 percent or 1 out of 5 boys in Canada are currently being [[circumcised]]. The prevalence of [[circumcision]] in the whole population constantly declines as elderly, mostly [[circumcised]] males die off and are replaced in the population by mostly [[intact]] boys.
The incidence of child circumcision in Canada varies by province, but the overall incidence is believed to be one-half or less than that of the [[United States]] where the [[United_States_of_America#Incidence_of_circumcision| incidence of circumcision]] also is declining. It is now estimated that less than 15 percent of boys in Canada are currently being [[circumcised]]. The prevalence of [[circumcision]] in the whole population constantly declines as elderly, mostly [[circumcised]] males die off and are replaced in the population by mostly [[intact]] boys.


[[Foreskinned]] males are in the majority in every province and territory.
[[Foreskinned]] males are in the majority in every province and territory.
===Abusive promotion of non-therapeutic circumcision in Ontario===
Dr. Omar Afandi, an Ontario paediatrician, improperly accessed hospital records at [https://www.wrh.on.ca/ Windsor General Hospital] and elsewhere to learn the names of mothers who had given birth to a boy. He then telephoned the mothers to offer them an unnecessary [[circumcision]] in his clinic in Windsor. The records of as many as 800 mothers may have been accessed.<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Windsor doctor has privileges revoked after allegedly accessing newborn data for profit
|url=https://windsor.ctvnews.ca/windsor-doctor-has-privileges-revoked-after-allegedly-accessing-newborn-data-for-profit-1.6977821
|last=Fortnum
|first=Travis
|init=
|author-link=
|last2=
|init2=
|author2-link=
|publisher=CTV News
|website=
|date=2024-07-26
|accessdate=2024-09-05
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> Ontario Health Insurance Plan does not pay for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]], so parents would have to pay out of pocket for the harmful unneeded surgical amputation at WE Kidz Pediatrics.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/oh-no-canada/
|title=Oh (no) Canada!
|last=Ashford
|first=Jeannie
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-08-16
|accessdate=2024-09-05
}}</ref> The Information and Privacy Commission fined Dr. Afandi $5,000 and fined We Kidz Paediatrics $7,500.<ref>{{REFnews
|title=Windsor, Ont., doctor fined after wrongfully accessing health records to offer circumcision services
|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/windsor-doctor-1.7621211
|last=La Grassa
|first=Jennifer
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=CBC
|website=
|date=2025-08-29
|accessdate=2025-08-30
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref>
===Overcharging for minor procedure===
The [https://www.cps.sk.ca/imis/CPSS/College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Saskatchewan.aspx Saskatchewan College of Physicians and Surgeons] has charged [https://www.cps.sk.ca/imis/CPSS/Physician_Summary/Physician_Profile.aspx?ID=8041 Dr. Amith Mulla] with three offences arising from the performance of an [[adult circumcision]]. Dr. Mulla has been charged with:
* charging $1,795 for a circumcision procedure.
* failing to provide followup care.
* asking for pictures of the patient's [[penis]].<ref name="simes2024">{{REFnews
|title=Saskatoon doctor facing professional charges in circumcision case
|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10906122/saskatoon-doctor-facing-professional-charges-in-circumcision-case/
|last=Simes
|first=Jeremy
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=The Canadian Press
|website=
|date=2024-12-06
|accessdate=2024-12-07
}}</ref>
===Leading promoters===
[[Neil Pollock]] and his group are leading promoters of harmful, medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys in Canada.
===Counseling for circumcised men===
[[Dale Andersen]], MSW, provides counseling in southern Ontario to [[circumcised]] men who are troubled by the grief, [[trauma]], [[depression]], and loss of [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions| function]] associated with involuntary [[amputation]] of their [[foreskin]].
===Care of foreskinned boys===
Circumcision is now nearly a thing of the past, and most Canadian boys now have an [[intact]] [[foreskin]]. Alberta Health (2024) has published guidance on the care of the natural, normal, [[foreskinned]] [[penis]].<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abo1357
|title=Learning About How to Care for an Intact Penis
|last=Healthwise
|first=Ignite
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Alberta Health
|date=2024-10-24
|accessdate=2025-09-24
}}</ref>
===Third-party payment is not available===
There is a long-standing general consensus for at least a half-century that there are no medical indications for [[circumcision]] in the newborn period.<ref name="cps1975" /> <ref name="cps1996" />
At the beginning of the 21st Century, only the Manitoba Health Insurance Plan (HIP) still paid for non-therapeutic circumcision, however Manitoba HIP ended payment in 2006.<ref name="skeldon2008" /> No insurance coverage of non-therapeutic circumcision is currently available in Manitoba,<ref name="dm2024">{{REFweb
|url=https://doctorsmanitoba.ca/managing-your-practice/remuneration/billing-fees/surgery/neonatal-circumcision
|title=Neonatal Circumcision
|publisher=Doctors Manitoba
|date=2024-07-16
|accessdate=2024-11-26
}}</ref> and this is also true throughout Canada.<ref name="allan2024">{{REFbook
|last=Allan
|first=
|init=JA
|author-link=Jonathan A. Allan
|year=2024
|title=Uncut: A Cultural Analysis of the Foreskin
|url=https://uofrpress.ca/Books/U/Uncut
|chapter=Chapter 2: Circumcision Indecision
|pages=88-9
|location=Regina
|publisher=University of Regina Press
|ISBN= 978-1779400307
|accessdate=2024-10-06
}}</ref> Only "medically indicated" circumcisions are covered.<ref name="dm2024" /> There are no indications for circumcision in the newborn period.<ref name="aap1971">{{REFbook
|last=American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn
|first=
|init=
|year=1971
|title=Standards and Recommendation for Hospital Care of Newborn infants
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aap/#a1971
|scope=
|location=Evanston
|publisher=American Academy of Pediatrics
|ISBN=
|accessdate=2025-03-13
}}</ref>


===Factors pushing the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision down===
===Factors pushing the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision down===
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  |accessdate=2024-11-06
  |accessdate=2024-11-06
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Non-therapeutic circumcision is a violation of the child's rights under Article 7 of the [https://duckduckgo.com/?ia=web&origin=funnel_home_website&hps=1&q=charter%20of%20rights%20and%20freedoms%20section%207&atb=v320-1 Charter of Rights and Freedoms].
* The health insurance plans (HIPs) do not support non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="skeldon2008" />
* The health insurance plans (HIPs) do not support non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="skeldon2008" />
 
* The CPS recommends: "In cases in which medical necessity is not established or a proposed treatment is based on personal preference, interventions should be deferred until the individual concerned is able to make their own choices."<ref name="cps2015" />
* The ratio of [[intact]] fathers to [[circumcised]] fathers is changing toward more [[intact]] fathers and fewer [[circumcised ]]fathers. Boys who were born after the decline in circumcision started and who are [[intact]] are now reaching the age at which they start families and become fathers. [[Intact]] men usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]] (See [[Adamant father syndrome]]), so they will usually not have a son [[circumcised]].<ref name="rediger-muller2013" /> This will cause a further decline in the incidence of [[circumcision]].
* The ratio of [[intact]] fathers to [[circumcised]] fathers is changing toward more [[intact]] fathers and fewer [[circumcised ]]fathers. Boys who were born after the decline in circumcision started and who are [[intact]] are now reaching the age at which they start families and become fathers. [[Intact]] men usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]] (See [[Adamant father syndrome]]), so they will usually not have a son [[circumcised]].<ref name="rediger-muller2013" /> This will cause a further decline in the incidence of [[circumcision]].


* The large numbers of [[intact]] boys growing up healthy and happy is further eroding support for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].
* The large numbers of [[intact]] boys growing up healthy and happy is further eroding support for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]].


* The survey (2006) found that the incidence of circumcision on Prince Edward Island was 38 percent.  A recent report (2019) indicated that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is no longer available on P.E.I. because no practitioner will perform the non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of part of a boy's [[penis]].<ref name="williams2019">{{REFnews
* The survey (2006) found that the incidence of circumcision on Prince Edward Island was 38 percent.  A recent report (2019) indicated that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is no longer available on P.E.I. after the retirement of Dr Doug Tweel in December 2018,<ref>{{REFnews
|title=New doctor to take over Doug Tweel's patients by June
|url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/doctor-over-doug-tweel-apos-000000380.html
|last=Anonymous
|publisher=CBC
|date=2019-05-13
|accessdate=2026-02-26}}</ref> because no practitioner will perform the non-therapeutic [[amputation]] of part of a boy's [[penis]].<ref name="williams2019">{{REFnews
  |title=Mom 'enraged' she can't find doctor to perform circumcision on P.E.I.
  |title=Mom 'enraged' she can't find doctor to perform circumcision on P.E.I.
  |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/p-e-i-no-doctors-circumcision-1.5187284
  |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/p-e-i-no-doctors-circumcision-1.5187284
Line 780: Line 901:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


* Most hospitals do not provide non-therapeutic circumcision, however [https://www.wrh.on.ca/ Windsor Regional Hospital] is an exception to the general rule. Windsor Regional Hospital still promotes medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] to parents of normal, healthy male infants in apparent violation of the infants' [https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/rfc-dlc/ccrf-ccdl/check/art7.html Section 7 rights]. The hospital is reported to circumcise 51 percent of boys born in the hospital. This is far higher than the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision elsewhere in Ontario and Canada.<ref>{{REFnews
* Most hospitals do not provide non-therapeutic circumcision, so any parents who want to have a son circumcised must seek out a provider and pay out-of-pocket. ([https://www.wrh.on.ca/ Windsor Regional Hospital] is an exception to the general rule. Windsor Regional Hospital still promotes medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] to parents of normal, healthy male infants in apparent violation of the infants' [https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/rfc-dlc/ccrf-ccdl/check/art7.html Section 7 rights]. The hospital is reported to circumcise 51 percent of boys born in the hospital. This is far higher than the incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision elsewhere in Ontario and Canada.<ref>{{REFnews
  |title=Circumcisions spark debate
  |title=Circumcisions spark debate
  |url=http://www.cirp.org/news/windsorstar03-19-05/
  |url=http://www.cirp.org/news/windsorstar03-19-05/
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  |accessdate=2021-07-22
  |accessdate=2021-07-22
  |quote=Dr. Tony Hammer, a Windsor family doctor, said his colleagues may be performing the medically unnecessary procedure simply to make a buck. <b>…</b> There is a financial incentive for physicians, and I wonder if they are fully informing their patients of a lack of medical need.
  |quote=Dr. Tony Hammer, a Windsor family doctor, said his colleagues may be performing the medically unnecessary procedure simply to make a buck. <b>…</b> There is a financial incentive for physicians, and I wonder if they are fully informing their patients of a lack of medical need.
}}</ref>
}}</ref>)


* The [https://www.cpso.on.ca/ College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario] (2010) issued a special order to prohibit paediatrician [[Daniel Marshall]], who operated the Circumcision Centre in Hamilton, {{CAPTC|ON}} from examining or being alone with youths.  
* The [https://www.cpso.on.ca/ College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario] (2010) issued a special order to prohibit paediatrician [[Daniel Marshall]], who operated the Circumcision Centre in Hamilton, {{CAPTC|ON}} from examining or being alone with youths.  


DeMaria et al. (2013) surveyed physicians in southwest Ontario who still perform circumcisions. They concluded from their survey:
* DeMaria et al. (2013) surveyed physicians in southwest Ontario who still perform circumcisions. They concluded from their survey:


{{Citation
{{Citation
Line 839: Line 960:
}}
}}


The CBC (2018) reported that Pakistani [https://www.ratemds.com/doctor-ratings/78555/Dr-Ejaz-Ahmad-Winnipeg-MB.html/ Dr. Ejaz Ahmad], who practiced medicine on Portage Avenue in Winnipeg, had been suspended from the practice of medicine for five months by the [https://cpsm.mb.ca/ College of Physicians and Surgeons of Manitoba], after he performed 18 circumcisions from June 2016 to July 2017 on pediatric patients and two boys almost bled to death.<ref name="glowaki2018">{{REFnews
* The CBC (2018) reported that Pakistani [https://www.ratemds.com/doctor-ratings/78555/Dr-Ejaz-Ahmad-Winnipeg-MB.html/ Dr. Ejaz Ahmad], who practiced medicine on Portage Avenue in Winnipeg, had been suspended from the practice of medicine for five months by the [https://cpsm.mb.ca/ College of Physicians and Surgeons of Manitoba], after he performed 18 circumcisions from June 2016 to July 2017 on pediatric patients and two boys almost bled to death.<ref name="glowaki2018">{{REFnews
  |title=2 boys almost bled to death in botched circumcisions by Manitoba doctor
  |title=2 boys almost bled to death in botched circumcisions by Manitoba doctor
  |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-doctor-suspended-botched-circumcisions-1.4953561
  |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-doctor-suspended-botched-circumcisions-1.4953561
Line 894: Line 1,015:
}}</ref> Infant boys have very little blood in their tiny bodies so the ability to withstand [[bleeding]] is very limited. Typically, exsanguination and hypovolemic shock occurs.
}}</ref> Infant boys have very little blood in their tiny bodies so the ability to withstand [[bleeding]] is very limited. Typically, exsanguination and hypovolemic shock occurs.


Manitoba Services (2022) reported Winnipeg attorney [https://www.bestlawyers.com/lawyers/martin-j-pollock/76357 Martin Pollock] filed a Statement of Claim on 22 June 2022 in the Court of Queen's Bench on behalf of the Muslim mother of a five-year-old boy who was circumcised in Portage la Prairie in 2017. The suit names [https://www.gov.mb.ca/health/ Manitoba Health] and three health care workers as defendants. The mother "alleges in the lawsuit that the injuries suffered by her son were caused or contributed to by the negligence of the two doctors, the nurse and the health region named in the suit, which led to 'severe and permanent injuries.'"<ref>{{REFnews
* Manitoba Services (2022) reported Winnipeg attorney [https://www.bestlawyers.com/lawyers/martin-j-pollock/76357 Martin Pollock] filed a Statement of Claim on 22 June 2022 in the Court of Queen's Bench on behalf of the Muslim mother of a five-year-old boy who was circumcised in Portage la Prairie in 2017. The suit names [https://www.gov.mb.ca/health/ Manitoba Health] and three health care workers as defendants. The mother "alleges in the lawsuit that the injuries suffered by her son were caused or contributed to by the negligence of the two doctors, the nurse and the health region named in the suit, which led to 'severe and permanent injuries.'"<ref>{{REFnews
  |title=Baby who bled for hours after circumcision was sent home from ER twice, suffered brain damage: lawsuit
  |title=Baby who bled for hours after circumcision was sent home from ER twice, suffered brain damage: lawsuit
  |url=https://manitobaservices.com/news/baby-who-bled-for-hours-after-circumcision-was-sent-home-from-er-twice-suffered-brain-damage-lawsuit/
  |url=https://manitobaservices.com/news/baby-who-bled-for-hours-after-circumcision-was-sent-home-from-er-twice-suffered-brain-damage-lawsuit/
Line 913: Line 1,034:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


As of 2022, [[third-party payment]] for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] has not been available anywhere in Canada since 2006.<ref name="skeldon2008" /> Moreover, non-therapeutic circumcision is not done in most hospitals,<ref name="jamesloewen2019" /> so parents who want to have a boy [[circumcised]] must take the boy to the surgery of a practitioner who specializes in non-therapeutic male circumcision, and furthermore must pay out of pocket. For example, the cost of circumcision of a newborn boy in New Brunswick is C$425 ranging up to C$1500 for a teenager or adult.<ref>{{REFweb
* As of 2022, [[third-party payment]] for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] has not been available anywhere in Canada since 2006.<ref name="skeldon2008" /> Moreover, non-therapeutic circumcision is not done in most hospitals,<ref name="jamesloewen2019" /> so parents who want to have a boy [[circumcised]] must take the boy to the surgery of a practitioner who specializes in harmful, unnecessary, non-therapeutic male circumcision, and furthermore must pay out of pocket. For example, the cost of circumcision of a newborn boy in New Brunswick is C$425 ranging up to C$1500 for a teenager or adult.<ref>{{REFweb
  |url=https://gentleproceduresnb.ca/circumcision/cost-how-much/
  |url=https://gentleproceduresnb.ca/circumcision/cost-how-much/
  |title=Circumcision Pricing & Insurance Coverage
  |title=Circumcision Pricing & Insurance Coverage
Line 920: Line 1,041:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


The prevalence of circumcision is higher among older males, but lower among younger males.  As older, mostly [[circumcised]] males die and are replaced in the population by younger, mostly [[intact]] males, the overall prevalence of [[circumcised]] men in Canada is gradually declining. [[Intact]] males usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]],<ref name="brown-brown1987" /> <ref name="rediger-muller2013" /> so the demand for [[circumcision]] in Canada is declining.
* The prevalence of circumcision is higher among older males, but lower among younger males.  As older, mostly [[circumcised]] males die and are replaced in the population by younger, mostly [[intact]] males, the overall prevalence of [[circumcised]] men in Canada is gradually declining. [[Intact]] males usually do not want any son to be [[circumcised]],<ref name="brown-brown1987" /> <ref name="rediger-muller2013" /> so the demand for [[circumcision]] in Canada is declining.


Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, Canada (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of [[HIV]] infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
* Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, Canada (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were [[circumcised]] between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of [[HIV]] infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
  |last=Mayan
  |last=Mayan
  |first=Madhur
  |first=Madhur
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Schröder et al. (2021) reviewed the experience of the [https://www.sickkids.ca Hospital for Sick Children] in Toronto with regard to circumcision-related emergency admissions between 2000 and 2013. They found that 19 previously healthy neonates had emergency admissions for circumcision complications. The records of patients who had died were searched to identify those who had been [[circumcised]].
* Schröder et al. (2021) reviewed the experience of the [https://www.sickkids.ca Hospital for Sick Children] in Toronto with regard to circumcision-related emergency admissions between 2000 and 2013. They found that 19 previously healthy neonates had emergency admissions for [[Risks and complications| circumcision complications]]. The records of patients who had died were searched to identify those who had been [[circumcised]].


Four of the boys had post-circumcision [[bleeding]]. Four of the boys had [[glans]] amputations. Two previously healthy boys died.<ref name="shroder2021">{{REFjournal
* Four of the boys had post-circumcision [[bleeding]]. Four of the boys had [[glans]] amputations. Two previously healthy boys died.<ref name="shroder2021">{{REFjournal
  |last=Schröder
  |last=Schröder
  |first=Annette
  |first=Annette
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}}</ref> Based on the data provided, the estimated [[death]] rate is one dead boy for every 84,000 circumcisions.
}}</ref> Based on the data provided, the estimated [[death]] rate is one dead boy for every 84,000 circumcisions.


Non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] is the norm in all parts of Canada.
* Non-circumcision, [[intactness]] or [[genital integrity]] has long been the NORM in all parts of Canada.
 
===Estimates of prevalence and incidence of circumcision in Canada===
The incidence of child circumcision in Canada has been in a long-term declining since the 1980s.


===Abusive promotion of non-therapeutic circumcision in Ontario===
Non-circumcision or [[genital integrity]] is the NORM in all parts of Canada and has been for several decades. The last statistics were collected in 2006-7, so they are completely out-of-date. In the absence of any current statistical data, IntactiWiki offers the following estimates for 2026:
Dr. Omar Afandi, an Ontario paediatrician, improperly accessed hospital records at [https://www.wrh.on.ca/ Windsor General Hospital] and elsewhere to learn the names of mothers who had given birth to a boy. He then telephoned the mothers to offer them an unnecessary [[circumcision]] in his clinic in Windsor. The records of as many as 800 mothers may have been accessed.<ref>{{REFnews
 
  |title=Windsor doctor has privileges revoked after allegedly accessing newborn data for profit
<b>Prevalence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of all living Canadian males of all ages who are [[circumcised]]. The [[circumcised]] group is primarily composed of older English-speaking males. IntactiWiki estimates the prevalence of [[circumcision]] is about 25-30 percent.
  |url=https://windsor.ctvnews.ca/windsor-doctor-has-privileges-revoked-after-allegedly-accessing-newborn-data-for-profit-1.6977821
 
  |last=Fortnum
<b>Incidence of circumcision</b> is the percentage of Canada-wide newborn boys who are currently receiving [[child circumcision]]. This percentage will vary by locality. Many of these circumcised boys may have older [[circumcised]] fathers who [[Adamant father syndrome| adamantly insist that their son be circumcised]]. IntactiWiki estimates 10-15 percent of newborn boys are currently undergoing harmful, unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[child circumcision]].
  |first=Travis
===Doctor cuts off tip of infant boy's penis===
A woman in Regina, Saskatchewan sued a physician after the tip of her son's [[penis]] was cut off during a [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFnews
  |title=Regina woman sues doctor after tip of son's penis cut off in circumcision
  |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/regina-woman-sues-doctor-after-tip-of-son-s-penis-cut-off-in-circumcision-1.5251605
  |last=Taylor
  |first=Stephanie
  |init=
  |init=
  |author-link=
  |author-link=
|last2=
  |publisher=The Canadian Press
|init2=
|author2-link=
  |publisher=CTV News
  |website=
  |website=
  |date=2024-07-26
  |date=2019-08-19
  |accessdate=2024-09-05
  |accessdate=2026-02-26
|format=
  |quote=The lawsuit, which has not been tested in court, alleges an intern performed the circumcision.
  |quote=
}}</ref> Ontario Health Insurance Plan does not pay for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]], so parents would have to pay out of pocket for the harmful unneeded surgical amputation at WE Kidz Pediatrics.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/oh-no-canada/
|title=Oh (no) Canada!
|last=Ashford
|first=Jeannie
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2024-08-16
|accessdate=2024-09-05
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
===Overcharging for minor procedure===
===The handicaps imposed by circumcision===
The [https://www.cps.sk.ca/imis/CPSS/College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Saskatchewan.aspx Saskatchewan College of Physicians and Surgeons] has charged [https://www.cps.sk.ca/imis/CPSS/Physician_Summary/Physician_Profile.aspx?ID=8041 Dr. Amith Mulla] with three offences arising from the performance of an [[adult circumcision]]. Dr. Mulla has been charged with:
[[Dale Andersen| Dale Andersen-Ghiberti, MSW, RSW,]] (2025) has released a new work in [https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/index Critical Disability Discourses], published at [https://www.yorku.ca/ York University], Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on the lifelong handicaps imposed by [[circumcision]].<ref>{{REFjournal
* charging $1,795 for a circumcision procedure.
|last=Andersen-Giberson
* failing to provide followup care.
|init=D
* asking for pictures of the patient's [[penis]].<ref name="simes2024">{{REFnews
  |author-link=Dale Andersen
  |title=Saskatoon doctor facing professional charges in circumcision case
  |url=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786
  |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10906122/saskatoon-doctor-facing-professional-charges-in-circumcision-case/
|title=Circumcision and forced disability: Routine male neonatal circumcision and the consequences of amputation within a critical disability studies framework
  |last=Simes
|journal=Critical Disability Discourses
  |first=Jeremy
  |date=2025-12
  |init=
  |volume=10
  |author-link=
  |issue=2
  |publisher=The Canadian Press
  |pages=1-37
  |website=
  |URL=https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39786/36016
  |date=2024-12-06
  |DOI=https://doi.org/10.25071/1918-6215.39786
  |accessdate=2024-12-07
  |accessdate=2026-03-12
}}</ref>
|quote=In a critical disability studies framework, it is argued that the act of amputating healthy erogenous tissue and the consequences of that amputation cause disability, particularly from a counter-hegemonic lens.
===Leading promoters===
|format=PDF
[[Neil Pollock]] and his group are leading promoters of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] of boys in Canada.
  |accessdate=2026-03-12
}}
</ref>


==Video==
==Video==
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<youtube>v=-VP9iO3sbA4&t=359s</youtube>
<youtube>v=-VP9iO3sbA4&t=359s</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Dale Andersen]]
* [[Canadian Children's Rights Council]]
* [[Canadian Children's Rights Council]]
* [[Canadian Foreskin Awareness Project (CAN-FAP)]]
* [[Canadian Foreskin Awareness Project (CAN-FAP)]]
Line 1,073: Line 1,191:
* [[College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Ontario]]
* [[College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Ontario]]
* [[Foreskin]]
* [[Foreskin]]
* [[Foreskin comment]]
* [[Jonathan A. Allan]]
* [[Jonathan A. Allan]]
* [[Trauma]]
* [[Trauma]]
Line 1,079: Line 1,198:
{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Canada|Canada}}
* {{URLwikipedia|Canada|Canada}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/statistics/Canada/
|title=Incidence of Circumcision in Canada
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Circumcision Reference Library
|date=2012
|accessdate=2025-09-27
}}
* {{REFnews
* {{REFnews
  |title=P.E.I. has highest rate of circumcision in Canada
  |title=P.E.I. has highest rate of circumcision in Canada
Line 1,154: Line 1,284:
  |date=
  |date=
  |accessdate=2025-03-14
  |accessdate=2025-03-14
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/foreskin_restoration/comments/1mhykgs/went_to_the_nude_beach_today/
|title=Only [[foreskinned]] guys on the nude beach in Canada
|last=Anonymous
|publisher=REDDIT
|date=2025-08-04
|accessdate=2025-09-01
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/answers/0ed39a4d-8136-4f36-8b44-5da3f230d180/?q=Circumcision%20norms%20and%20preferences%20in%20Canada&source=PDP
|title=Circumcision norms and preferences in Canada
|last=
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=REDDIT
|date=
|accessdate=2025-09-01
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1npv247/opinion_piece_by_a_66yo_uncut_canuck_regarding/?chainedPosts=t3_1nqur98%2Ct3_1npoor7%2Ct3_1nrjbmc%2Ct3_1kjqhh8
|title=Opinion Piece by a 66yo Uncut Canuck Regarding Canadian Attitudes about Circumcision
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=REDDIT
|date=2025-09-24
|accessdate=2025-09-27
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/uncircumcised_talk/comments/1pustxg/growing_up_uncircumcised_in_the_80s_and_90s_in/
|title=Growing up intact in the 80's and 90's in Canada
|last=Anonymous
|publisher=REDDIT
|date=2025-12-24
|accessdate=2026-01-20
}}
}}
{{ABBR}}
{{ABBR}}
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[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:Circumcision]]
[[Category:English-speaking nation]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:Male circumcision]]
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Country]]
[[Category:Lawsuit]]
[[Category:Lawsuit]]
[[Category:Statistics]]
[[Category:Statistics]]
Retrieved from "https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Canada"