History of circumcision: Difference between revisions
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== Historical background == | == Historical background == | ||
The [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] is a very old ritual, whose exact origin cannot be verified beyond doubt. Circumcision is believed to have originated in east Africa near the Red Sea well before the dawn of recorded history.<ref name="demeo1997">{{REFbook | The [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] is a very old ritual, whose exact origin cannot be verified beyond doubt. [[Circumcision]] is believed to have originated in east Africa near the Red Sea well before the dawn of recorded history.<ref name="demeo1997">{{REFbook | ||
|last=DeMeo | |last=DeMeo | ||
|first= | |first= | ||
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}}</ref> is an Egyptian tomb relief from the 6th dynasty, approximately 2300-2000 BC. It is not known precisely who was circumcised and why in those times. | }}</ref> is an Egyptian tomb relief from the 6th dynasty, approximately 2300-2000 BC. It is not known precisely who was circumcised and why in those times. | ||
In many cultures circumcision during puberty serves as a rite of passage, bringing adolescents into the community. As with other painful or humiliating initiation rites, proof of courage and mastering of critical situations are the key motivations. From some African tribes it is also known that the [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] is seen as the removal of an inborn piece of femininity from the boys, thus making them men. | In many cultures circumcision during [[puberty]] serves as a rite of passage, bringing adolescents into the community. As with other painful or humiliating initiation rites, proof of courage and mastering of critical situations are the key motivations. From some African tribes it is also known that the [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] is seen as the removal of an inborn piece of femininity from the boys, thus making them men. | ||
===Judaism=== | ===Judaism=== | ||
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* 1954 [[Ernest L. Wynder]] claims that male circumcision '''prevents cervical cancer in women.'''<ref>{{Wynder1954}}</ref> | * 1954 [[Ernest L. Wynder]] claims that male circumcision '''prevents cervical cancer in women.'''<ref>{{Wynder1954}}</ref> | ||
* 1956 | * 1956 Raymond Creelman invents the [[Circumstraint]] which straps down and immobilizes the baby's arms and legs.<ref>{{REFdocument | ||
|title=USPTO patent number RE24,377 | |title=USPTO patent number RE24,377 | ||
|publisher=USPTO | |publisher=USPTO | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* 1973 | * 1973 R. Dagher, Melvin Selzer, and Jack Lapides declare that anyone who disagrees with their agenda to impose mass [[circumcision]] on America is deluded.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Dagher | |last=Dagher | ||
|init=R | |init=R | ||