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o to medical therapy, then the amount of tissue should be limited so as to
→Condemnation: Add link.
[[Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani| Cepeda-Emiliani]] et al. {2025) stated:
<blockquote>
Our results reinforce the relevance of [https://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/cold-taylor/ Cold and Taylor’s 11 1999 conclu-sions conclusions] (p. 42), which now seem more pertinent than ever: “The prepuce
is a specialized, specific erogenous tissue in both males and females.
Therefore, surgical excision should be restricted to lesions that are
unresponsive to medical therapy. . . Preputial plasty should be consid-ered considered in place of circumcision whenever possible, so as to preserve
the corpuscular sensory receptors, dartos muscle, penile mucosa and
complete function of the penis. . . Although a Fourcroy grade 1 female
circumcision would excise less tissue than in a male, this compari-son comparison cannot be used to justify female circumcision. Excision of normal,
erogenous genital tissue from healthy male or female children cannot
be condoned, as the histology confirms that the external genitalia are
informed decision. If external genital tissue must be excised to combat
a disease process that threatens the child’s health, and is unresponsive
preserve the anatomy and function of the external genitalia.”<ref name="cepeda2025">{{REFjournal
|last=Cepeda-Emiliani
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
==History==
Circumcision was popularized in English-speaking nations in the nineteenth century. The practice of non-therapeutic circumcision of boys now has greatly declined in [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. It has been gradually declining since 1980 in the [[United States]]. It has ''never'' been a popular practice in other western nations. Circumcision of boys is not done in the Russian Federation, Latin America, or [[China]]. In [[India]] only the minority Muslim population does circumcision of children. In Europe it is only done for religious reasons by Muslims and Jews.